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題名 創新環境、網絡與創新成效之研究
作者 楊奕泠
Yang, Yi-Lin
貢獻者 邊泰明
楊奕泠
Yang, Yi-Lin
關鍵詞 知識外溢
網絡
創新環境
創新成效
spillover
network
innovative environment
innovative
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 16:16:15 (UTC+8)
摘要 知識經濟的時代下,「創新」是廠商競爭力的關鍵指標,更是整個國家經濟發展的重要基礎,因此哪些因素會影響創新的表現便成為研究者所關心的議題。過去對創新的研究中,或從廠商個體的角度切入,觀察廠商的規模、產業別、員工人數等屬性差異對創新的影響;或從知識外溢的角度切入,觀察廠商與大學、研究機構等知識產生地之間的時間、空間距離對創新的影響;近期又有學者由網絡連結的角度,觀察廠商與其他行動者間的連結關係和互動合作與創新成效間的關連性。本研究的主要目的是希望結合前述三者,觀察不同外溢條件下,廠商網絡的互動連結和個體屬性如何影響其創新成效。
在理論的推導上,本研究在知識外溢的基礎上引入網絡理論,認為不同的地區知識存量不同的情況下,影響廠商創新的因素也不一樣。在實證上,本研究首先利用集群分析的方式將60處編定工業區所在的鄉鎮市區分為二種不同的創新環境,再分別檢驗不同創新環境下,廠商的個體屬性因素和各種網絡連結對創新成效的影響。結果發現在個體屬性方面,廠商的現有專利數、有無設立研發部門以及員工的素質等三項,不論在何種環境下都對創新成效有正面影響。而網絡連結方面,實證中只有研發合作網絡對創新成效有所影響,在知識存量充沛的區域,研發網絡連結可以成為廠商獲取知識的管道,進而提高創新的成效;反之在知識存量不豐的區域中,縱使廠商建立起研發網絡連結,也無法從中取得創新所需要的知識和資訊。比較個體屬性和網絡連結後發現,個體屬性因素的影響力大於網絡因素的影響。因此,根據本研究之結論,未來政府在制定政策時,一方面應該強化廠商投入創新研發的意願,另一方面應設法將廠商引導至知識存量豐富的區域,並幫助促成研究發展的合作連結。
Under the era of the kownledge economy, “innovation” is a key index of firm’s competitiveness and the foundation of the whole country’s economic, so researcher’s want to know which factors can influence firms’ innovation. In the past study on innovation, some observed the impacts on innovation of the attribute difference, such as scale, industry, number of employee, etc; some observes the firms, universities and research institutions to know the influence of knowledge spillover on innovation. What there were scholars by the angle that the network was linked, among the persons who observes the manufacturer and other actions linked the relation and cooperated interdynamically with the connecting with of closing among the innovative effect recently. The main purpose of this research is to combine three approach above and observe that under different conditions, how firm’s network linkage and individual attributes can influences its innovative.
This research introduces network theory on the basis of knowledge spillover, under different situations of knowledge stock, the factor influencing the firm to innovate is different too. In the empirical, I divide 60 industry park into two kinds of different innovative environments by clustering, then examining that under different innovative environments, how the individual attribute factor of firms and the networks linkage impact the innovation. This study found it in individual attribute finally, three items , such as quality of employee, the existing patent of firms, set up R&Dt department, all has positive influence on innovative no matter in which kind of environment. The network linkage, it influences the innovative to some extent to only R&D network in the empricial analysis, the area plentiful in knowledge stock, R&D network can become the channel that tfirmsr obtain knowledge, and then improve the innovation; In the area not abundant of the knowledge stock, even if the firm sets up R&D linkgae, it is unable to get the knowledge and information that innovation needs from it. Finally we can find that the influence power of individual attribute factor is greater than the network linkage. According to the conclusion of this research, the government, while making the policy in the future, on one hand it strengthen firm to invest in R&D to innovate, on the other hand should try to guide firms to knowledge stock abundant area, and help them to set up the R&D linkage.
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3、 Adams, J. D., Jaffe, A. B.,(1996),“Bounding the effects of R&D: an investigation using matched establishment-firm data”, The Rand Journal of Economics, 27(4):700-721.
4、 Angel, S. P.,(2002),“Inter-firm collaboration and technology development partnerships within US manufacturing industries”, Regional Studies, 36(4):333-344.
5、 Anselin, L., Varga, A., Acs, Z.,(1997),“Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations”, Journal of Urban Economics, 42(3):422-448.
6、 Audretsch, D. B., Feldman, M. P.,(1996),“R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production”, The American Economic Review, 86(3):630-640.
7、 Boschma, R.A.,(2005),“Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment”, Regional Studies, 39(1):61-74.
8、 Britton, J. N.,(2003),“Network structure of an industrial cluster: electronics in Toronto”, Environment and Planning A, 35:983-1006.
9、 Chung, S.,(2002),“Building a national innovation system through regional innovation systems”, Technovation, 22(8):485-491.
10、 Cowan, R., Jonard, N., Zimmermann, J.-B.,(2006),”Evolving network of innovation”, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1-2):155-174.
11、 Cummings, J. A., Teng, B. S.,(2003),“Transferring R&D knowledge: the key factors affecting knowledge transfer success”, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 20(1-2):39-68.
12、 Feldman, M. P.、Florida, R.,(1994),“The Geographic Sources of Innovation: Technological Infrastructure and Product Innovation in the United States”, Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 84(2):210-229.
13、 Fischer, M. M., Varga, A.,(2003),“Spatial Knowledge Spillovers and University Research: Evidence from Austria”. The Annals of Regional Science, 37(2):303-322.
14、 Frenkel, A.,(2000),“Can regional policy affect firms’ innovation potential in lagging regions?”, Annals of Regional Science, 34(3):315-341.
15、 Fritsch, M.,(2000),“Interregional differences in R&D activities—an empirical investigation”, European Planning Studies, 8(4):409-427.
16、 Griliches, Z.,(1979),“Issues in assessing the contribution of R&D to productivity growth”, Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1):92-116.
17、 Griliches, Z.,(1986),“Productivity, R&D, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970’s”, The American Economic Review, 76(1):141-154.
18、 Gu, W.,Tang, J.,(2004),“Link between innovation and productivity in Canadian manufacturing industries”, Economics of Innovation & New Technology, 13(7):671-686.
19、 Hagedoon, J.,Cloodt, M.,(2003),“Measuring innovation performance: is there an advantage in using multiple indicators?”, Research Policy, 32(8):1365-1379.
20、 Higgins, J. M.,(1995),“The Core Competence: Innovation”, Planning Review, 23(6):32-35.
21、 Howells, J.,(2002),“Tacit Knowledge, Innovation and Economic Geography”,Urban Studies, 39(5-6):871-884.
22、 Jaffe, A. B.,(1986),“Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R&D: Evidence form Firms’Patents, profits and Market Value”, The American Economic Review, 76(5):984-1001.
23、 Jaffe, A. B.,(1989),“Real Effects of Academic Research”, The American Economic Review, 79(5):957-970.
24、 Koschatzky, K., Sternberg, R.,(2000),“R&D Cooperation in Innovation Systems-Some Lessons from the European Regional Innovation Survey(ERIS)”, European Planning Studies, 8(4):487-501.
25、 Langvik, T. Å., Johansen, F. R., Callisen, F., Normann, S., Thoresen, J.,(2005),“Innovation and regional development”, AI & Society, 19(4):384-406.
26、 Love, J. H., Roper, S.,(2001),“Location and network effects on innovation success: evidence for UK, German and Irish manufacturing plants”, Research Policy, 30(4):643-661.
27、 Markusen. A,(1996),“Sticky Places in Slippery Space”, Economic Geography, 72(3):293-313.
28、 Robertson, P. L., Langlois, R. N.,(1995),“Innovation networks and vertical integration”,Research Policy, 24(4):543-562.
29、 Saviotti, P. P.,(1998),“On the dynamics of appropriability, of tacit and of codified knowledge”, Research Policy, 26(7-8):843-856.
30、 Shefer, D., Frenkel, A.,(1998),“Local milieu and innovation: some empirical results”,The Annals of Regional Science, 32:185-200.
31、 Simmie, J.,(2005),“Innovation and Space: A Critical Reciew of the Literature”, Regional Studies, 39(6):789-804.
32、 Song, X. M., Parry, M. K.,(1996),“What Separates Japanese New Product Winner from Losers”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13(6):422-439.
33、 Staber, U.,(2001),“The Structure of Networks in Industrial District”, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(3):537-552.
1、 王作榮譯,Marshall, A.原著,(1965),《經濟學原理》,臺灣銀行經濟研究室,臺北。
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7、 周文賢,(2002),《多變量統計分析:SAS/STAT使用方式》,智勝文化,臺北。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
93257005
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093257005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邊泰明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊奕泠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yang, Yi-Linen_US
dc.creator (作者) 楊奕泠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yang, Yi-Linen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 16:16:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 16:16:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 16:16:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093257005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35872-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93257005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 知識經濟的時代下,「創新」是廠商競爭力的關鍵指標,更是整個國家經濟發展的重要基礎,因此哪些因素會影響創新的表現便成為研究者所關心的議題。過去對創新的研究中,或從廠商個體的角度切入,觀察廠商的規模、產業別、員工人數等屬性差異對創新的影響;或從知識外溢的角度切入,觀察廠商與大學、研究機構等知識產生地之間的時間、空間距離對創新的影響;近期又有學者由網絡連結的角度,觀察廠商與其他行動者間的連結關係和互動合作與創新成效間的關連性。本研究的主要目的是希望結合前述三者,觀察不同外溢條件下,廠商網絡的互動連結和個體屬性如何影響其創新成效。
在理論的推導上,本研究在知識外溢的基礎上引入網絡理論,認為不同的地區知識存量不同的情況下,影響廠商創新的因素也不一樣。在實證上,本研究首先利用集群分析的方式將60處編定工業區所在的鄉鎮市區分為二種不同的創新環境,再分別檢驗不同創新環境下,廠商的個體屬性因素和各種網絡連結對創新成效的影響。結果發現在個體屬性方面,廠商的現有專利數、有無設立研發部門以及員工的素質等三項,不論在何種環境下都對創新成效有正面影響。而網絡連結方面,實證中只有研發合作網絡對創新成效有所影響,在知識存量充沛的區域,研發網絡連結可以成為廠商獲取知識的管道,進而提高創新的成效;反之在知識存量不豐的區域中,縱使廠商建立起研發網絡連結,也無法從中取得創新所需要的知識和資訊。比較個體屬性和網絡連結後發現,個體屬性因素的影響力大於網絡因素的影響。因此,根據本研究之結論,未來政府在制定政策時,一方面應該強化廠商投入創新研發的意願,另一方面應設法將廠商引導至知識存量豐富的區域,並幫助促成研究發展的合作連結。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Under the era of the kownledge economy, “innovation” is a key index of firm’s competitiveness and the foundation of the whole country’s economic, so researcher’s want to know which factors can influence firms’ innovation. In the past study on innovation, some observed the impacts on innovation of the attribute difference, such as scale, industry, number of employee, etc; some observes the firms, universities and research institutions to know the influence of knowledge spillover on innovation. What there were scholars by the angle that the network was linked, among the persons who observes the manufacturer and other actions linked the relation and cooperated interdynamically with the connecting with of closing among the innovative effect recently. The main purpose of this research is to combine three approach above and observe that under different conditions, how firm’s network linkage and individual attributes can influences its innovative.
This research introduces network theory on the basis of knowledge spillover, under different situations of knowledge stock, the factor influencing the firm to innovate is different too. In the empirical, I divide 60 industry park into two kinds of different innovative environments by clustering, then examining that under different innovative environments, how the individual attribute factor of firms and the networks linkage impact the innovation. This study found it in individual attribute finally, three items , such as quality of employee, the existing patent of firms, set up R&Dt department, all has positive influence on innovative no matter in which kind of environment. The network linkage, it influences the innovative to some extent to only R&D network in the empricial analysis, the area plentiful in knowledge stock, R&D network can become the channel that tfirmsr obtain knowledge, and then improve the innovation; In the area not abundant of the knowledge stock, even if the firm sets up R&D linkgae, it is unable to get the knowledge and information that innovation needs from it. Finally we can find that the influence power of individual attribute factor is greater than the network linkage. According to the conclusion of this research, the government, while making the policy in the future, on one hand it strengthen firm to invest in R&D to innovate, on the other hand should try to guide firms to knowledge stock abundant area, and help them to set up the R&D linkage.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1、序論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究範圍與內容 3
1.3 研究方法與流程 6
2、理論基礎與文獻回顧 9
2.1外溢相關理論 9
2.2網絡相關理論 14
2.3創新相關理論 20
2.4影響創新的各種因素 24
2.5小結 27
3、工業區創新環境現況 29
3.1工業用地供給說明 29
3.2編定工業區周邊創新環境 32
3.3小結 42
4、廠商創新成效實證分析 45
4.1影響變數探討及研究假設擬定 45
4.2問卷結果分析 49
4.3統計模型介紹 54
4.4鄉鎮市集群分析 59
4.5創新環境與創新成效分析 63
5、結論與建議 77
5.1研究結論 77
5.2後續研究及政策建議 79
參考文獻 81
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093257005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識外溢zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 網絡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新環境zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新成效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) spilloveren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) networken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) innovative environmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) innovativeen_US
dc.title (題名) 創新環境、網絡與創新成效之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1、 Acs, Z. J., Anseli, L., Varga, A.,(2002),“Patent and innovation count as measures of regional production of new knowledge”, Research Policy, 31(7):1069-1085.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2、 Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D., B., Feldman, M., P.,(1994),“R&D spillovers and recipient firm size”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 76(2):336-340.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3、 Adams, J. D., Jaffe, A. B.,(1996),“Bounding the effects of R&D: an investigation using matched establishment-firm data”, The Rand Journal of Economics, 27(4):700-721.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4、 Angel, S. P.,(2002),“Inter-firm collaboration and technology development partnerships within US manufacturing industries”, Regional Studies, 36(4):333-344.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5、 Anselin, L., Varga, A., Acs, Z.,(1997),“Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovations”, Journal of Urban Economics, 42(3):422-448.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6、 Audretsch, D. B., Feldman, M. P.,(1996),“R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production”, The American Economic Review, 86(3):630-640.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7、 Boschma, R.A.,(2005),“Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment”, Regional Studies, 39(1):61-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8、 Britton, J. N.,(2003),“Network structure of an industrial cluster: electronics in Toronto”, Environment and Planning A, 35:983-1006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9、 Chung, S.,(2002),“Building a national innovation system through regional innovation systems”, Technovation, 22(8):485-491.zh_TW
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