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題名 英國政府治理模式變革之研究
作者 劉坤億
Kun-i Liu
貢獻者 孫本初<br>江岷欽
Ben-chu Sun<br>Min-chin Chiang
劉坤億
Kun-i Liu
關鍵詞 治理
治理能力
新公共管理
新右派
西市敏寺型式改革
governance
governability
new public management
new right
Westminster- style reforms
日期 2000
上傳時間 18-九月-2009 17:02:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 一九八○年代迄今，對英美語系和歐陸等先進工業民主國家的政府部門而言，是一個治理模式變革的年代。值得注意的是，這一波政府改革運動的持續力和影響層面是歷史上少見的，驅動改革的相關理念亦有脈絡可循，並且已經浮現出若干明顯的新治理模式。可惜的是，這一波政府改革風潮雖然有著許多不同而動人的稱號（如新公共管理運動、政府再造運動），以及眾多令人目眩神迷的改革策略（如顧客導向的服務、簽約外包、組織精簡等），但是針對各類新的治理模式或各種改革方略所進行的分析及評估卻不多。本文將嘗試由治理（governance）概念發展出一套評估性的分析架構，以作為檢驗這些新的治理模式或改革策略的工具。這一套評估性的分析架構包括三個部分：治理工具的選擇、治理過程的互動關係及治理能力的評估指標。
     
     目 錄
     第一章 導論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥2
     第二節 研究方法與途徑 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥8
     第三節 研究範圍與流程 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥11
     第四節 治理概念的界定 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥13
     第五節 研究限制 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥19
     第二章 西敏寺型式的改革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
     第一節 西敏寺民主模式的特徵及其困境 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
     一、西敏寺模式的主要特徵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
     二、西敏寺模式的困境 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥24
     第二節 柴契爾革命的背景 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥29
     一、經濟和社會的壓力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥30
     二、政治和行政的困局 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥34
     三、歐洲化的衝擊 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥35
     四、柴契爾個人的意志 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37
     第三節 新右派的改革理念 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37
     一、自由主義和保守哲學 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥38
     二、奧地利學派和芝加哥學派 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥40
     三、公共選擇理論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥42
     四、管理主義 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥49
     第四節 保守黨政府的改革行動 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥53
     一、改革紀事（1979-1997） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥53
     二、改革歷程及其重點 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥57
     第三章 治理概念的分析架構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60
     第一節 治理概念途徑的內涵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60
     一、治理概念的七種用法 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60
     二、治理和新公共管理之間的差異 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥64
     三、治理概念的五個命題 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥66
     第二節 治理工具的類型 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥71
     一、從政策工具到治理工具 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥71
     二、四種治理工具 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥72
     三、四種治理工具的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥77
     第三節 治理關係的層次 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥79
     一、從政府統治到多層治理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥79
     二、三個層次的治理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥81
     第四節 治理能力的指標 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥85
     一、善治的參考指標 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥85
     二、動態指標的建構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥88
     第五節 研究架構的提出 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥92
     第四章 財務管理改革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥94
     第一節 績效責任導向的財務管理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥94
     一、效率稽核 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥95
     二、財務管理方案 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥96
     三、市場測試 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥98
     四、績效責任審計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥99
     五、強化會計功能 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥101
     第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥102
     一、層級節制為體，市場機制為用 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥103
     二、官僚經驗與管理文化的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥104
     第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥109
     一、官僚與廠商的競爭 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥109
     二、內部審計重於外部審計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥111
     三、中央集權與地方分權的拉鋸 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥112
     第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥114
     一、從政治理性出發的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥114
     二、柴契爾優越的統理能力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥115
     三、仍須強化的回應力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥116
     四、改革效益大於改革成本 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥119
     第五章 組織結構的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥124
     第一節 市場模式的組織結構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥124
     一、民營化 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥125
     二、續階計畫 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥127
     第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥133
     一、從層級節制到市場機制 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥133
     二、組織經濟學的論證 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥135
     第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥138
     一、國家空心化（hollowing-out） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥139
     二、行政執行機關與部會的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥140
     第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥144
     一、特定系絡下的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥144
     二、梅傑與柴契爾在統理能力上的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥145
     三、回應力與反作用力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥147
     四、效益遞減、成本遞增 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥148
     第六章 文官制度調整 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥152
     第一節 人力資源管理取向的文官制度 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥152
     一、富爾頓報告的遺緒 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥153
     二、人事行政機關的改組 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥155
     三、雇用制度的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥157
     四、訓練制度的發展 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥163
     五、文官員額精簡 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥166
     第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥167
     一、從人事管理到人力資源管理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥168
     二、人力資源管理的內涵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥170
     三、策略性人力資源管理的省思 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥171
     第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥173
     一、部長責任制與文官政治中立 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥173
     二、政治控制與文官特權 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥174
     三、續階計畫與行政課責 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥175
     四、核心主管部門與高級文官的決策角色 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥177
     第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥179
     一、難以周全的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥179
     二、梅傑與柴契爾在統理態度上的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥181
     三、遲來的回應力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥182
     四、潛在的成本與潛在的效益 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥183
     第七章 結論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥187
     第一節 研究發現 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥188
     第二節 研究建議 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥200
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《英國行政改革理論與現象檢證》，國立政治大學公共行政學系碩士學位論文。
林鍾沂（1994）
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《政策分析的理論與實踐》，台北：瑞興。
林鍾沂（1996）
「預算制度與理論：美國經驗的相關分析」，國立中興大學公共行政學系《行政學報》，第27期，頁37-92。
周育仁（1993）
《政治與經濟之關係：台灣經驗與其理論意涵》，台北：五南。
周育仁、鄭又平編著（1999）
《政治經濟學》，台北：國立空中大學。
周添城主編（1998）
《台灣民營化的經驗》，台北：中華徵信所。
俞可平主編（2000）
詹中原主編著（1999）
《治理與善治》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
胡春田、巫和懋、霍德明、熊秉元（1996）
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施能傑（1999）
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范祥偉（1997）
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段 樵（1994）
「總體經濟的世界──失業、通脹及其他」收錄於謝賢程、周亮全主編《經濟學新論》，頁213-250。台北：台灣商務印書館。
孫本初（1998）
《新公共管理：政府再造的理論與實務》，台北：五南。
《公共管理》，台北：智勝。
孫本初、江岷欽、R. Golembiewski主編（1999）
《公共管理論文精選Ⅰ》，台北：元照。
孫本初、劉坤億、范祥偉（2000）
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孫同文（1998）
「治理能力與行政革新：香港行政革新的經驗與啟示」，發表於國立中興大學公共行政學系主辦之《跨世紀政府再造學術研究會》。
徐仁輝（1998）
《公共財務管理：公共預算與財務行政》，台北：智勝。
徐仁輝、黃榮護、余致力（1998）
楊雪冬、薛曉源主編（2000）
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徐仁輝（1999）
《當代預算改革的制度性研究》，台北：智勝。
倪達人（1999）
《當代行政改革理論析評》，國立政治大學公共行政學系博士學位論文。
陳文隆（1999）
「政府責任制度的演變及新興施政措施的審計：加拿大的經驗」，《國立中山大學管理學術研究中心》，第一卷第三期，頁15-26。
陳金貴（1996）
「中華民國、美國、英國三國文官制度改革之比較研究」，載於彭錦鵬主編，《文官體制之比較研究》，台北：中央研究院歐美研究所。
陳恆鈞（2001）
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「團體在決策過程中的運作分析模式」，世新大學行政管理學系主辦之《政策分析的理論與實務》學術研討會。
陳敦源（2000）
「誰掌控官僚體系？從代理人理論談台灣官僚體系的政治問題」，國立政治大學公共行政學系《公共行政學報》，第四期，頁99-129。
許南雄（1998）
「英國中央行政機關幕僚長體制──常務次長、內閣秘書長與文官長體制之探討」，《考銓季刊》，第15期，頁57-82。
許世雨（2000）
《新公共行政與新政府運動之辯護與比較》，國立政治大學公共行政學系博士學位論文。
許濱松（1993）
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彭文賢（1991）
劉坤億（1998）
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彭文賢（1996）
《組織結構》，台北：三民。
張世賢、陳恆鈞（1997）
《公共政策：政府與市場的觀點》，台北：商鼎。
張世杰（2000）
《制度變遷的政治過程：英國全民健康服務體系的個案研究1948-1990》，國立政治大學公共行政學系博士學位論文。
張潤書（1998）
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黃世鑫、徐仁輝、張哲琛（1995）
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黃榮護主編（1998）
《公共管理》，台北：商鼎。
朱鎮明、楊繼明（1999）
劉昭博（1999）
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二、翻譯部分
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Drucker, Peter F.原著，周文祥等譯（1998），《巨變時代的管理》，台北：中天。
Dunleavy, P. and O`Leary B.原著，羅慎平譯（1994），《國家論：自由民主政治學》，台北：五南。
Galbraith, John Kenneth原著，杜念中譯（1980），《不確定的年代》，台北：聯經。
Giddens, Anthony原著，鄭武國譯（1999），《第三條路：社會民主的更新》，台北：聯經。
Giddens, Anthony原著，李惠斌、楊雪冬譯（2000），《超越左派右派：激進政治的未來》，台北：聯經。
Hayek, F.A.原著，夏道平譯（1993），《個人主義與經濟秩序》，台北：遠流。
行政院研考會（1996）
Hayek, F.A.原著，謝宗林、黃耀輝、陳元保、承立平譯（1995），《不要命的自負：社會主義的種種錯誤》，台北：遠流。
Hobsbawn, Eric J.原著，鄭明萱譯（1996），《極端的年代》，台北：麥田。
Hughes, Owen E.原著，林鐘沂、林文斌譯（1999），《公共管理新論》〈第二版〉，台北：韋伯。
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三、英文部分
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
85256501
89
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002000106
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 孫本初<br>江岷欽zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Ben-chu Sun<br>Min-chin Chiangen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉坤億zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Kun-i Liuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉坤億zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Kun-i Liuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2000en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-九月-2009 17:02:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-九月-2009 17:02:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-九月-2009 17:02:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) B2002000106en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36074-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 公共行政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 85256501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 89zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 一九八○年代迄今，對英美語系和歐陸等先進工業民主國家的政府部門而言，是一個治理模式變革的年代。值得注意的是，這一波政府改革運動的持續力和影響層面是歷史上少見的，驅動改革的相關理念亦有脈絡可循，並且已經浮現出若干明顯的新治理模式。可惜的是，這一波政府改革風潮雖然有著許多不同而動人的稱號（如新公共管理運動、政府再造運動），以及眾多令人目眩神迷的改革策略（如顧客導向的服務、簽約外包、組織精簡等），但是針對各類新的治理模式或各種改革方略所進行的分析及評估卻不多。本文將嘗試由治理（governance）概念發展出一套評估性的分析架構，以作為檢驗這些新的治理模式或改革策略的工具。這一套評估性的分析架構包括三個部分：治理工具的選擇、治理過程的互動關係及治理能力的評估指標。
     
     目 錄
     第一章 導論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥2
     第二節 研究方法與途徑 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥8
     第三節 研究範圍與流程 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥11
     第四節 治理概念的界定 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥13
     第五節 研究限制 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥19
     第二章 西敏寺型式的改革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
     第一節 西敏寺民主模式的特徵及其困境 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
     一、西敏寺模式的主要特徵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22
     二、西敏寺模式的困境 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥24
     第二節 柴契爾革命的背景 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥29
     一、經濟和社會的壓力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥30
     二、政治和行政的困局 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥34
     三、歐洲化的衝擊 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥35
     四、柴契爾個人的意志 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37
     第三節 新右派的改革理念 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37
     一、自由主義和保守哲學 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥38
     二、奧地利學派和芝加哥學派 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥40
     三、公共選擇理論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥42
     四、管理主義 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥49
     第四節 保守黨政府的改革行動 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥53
     一、改革紀事（1979-1997） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥53
     二、改革歷程及其重點 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥57
     第三章 治理概念的分析架構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60
     第一節 治理概念途徑的內涵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60
     一、治理概念的七種用法 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60
     二、治理和新公共管理之間的差異 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥64
     三、治理概念的五個命題 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥66
     第二節 治理工具的類型 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥71
     一、從政策工具到治理工具 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥71
     二、四種治理工具 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥72
     三、四種治理工具的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥77
     第三節 治理關係的層次 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥79
     一、從政府統治到多層治理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥79
     二、三個層次的治理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥81
     第四節 治理能力的指標 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥85
     一、善治的參考指標 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥85
     二、動態指標的建構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥88
     第五節 研究架構的提出 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥92
     第四章 財務管理改革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥94
     第一節 績效責任導向的財務管理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥94
     一、效率稽核 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥95
     二、財務管理方案 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥96
     三、市場測試 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥98
     四、績效責任審計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥99
     五、強化會計功能 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥101
     第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥102
     一、層級節制為體，市場機制為用 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥103
     二、官僚經驗與管理文化的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥104
     第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥109
     一、官僚與廠商的競爭 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥109
     二、內部審計重於外部審計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥111
     三、中央集權與地方分權的拉鋸 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥112
     第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥114
     一、從政治理性出發的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥114
     二、柴契爾優越的統理能力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥115
     三、仍須強化的回應力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥116
     四、改革效益大於改革成本 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥119
     第五章 組織結構的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥124
     第一節 市場模式的組織結構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥124
     一、民營化 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥125
     二、續階計畫 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥127
     第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥133
     一、從層級節制到市場機制 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥133
     二、組織經濟學的論證 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥135
     第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥138
     一、國家空心化（hollowing-out） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥139
     二、行政執行機關與部會的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥140
     第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥144
     一、特定系絡下的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥144
     二、梅傑與柴契爾在統理能力上的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥145
     三、回應力與反作用力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥147
     四、效益遞減、成本遞增 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥148
     第六章 文官制度調整 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥152
     第一節 人力資源管理取向的文官制度 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥152
     一、富爾頓報告的遺緒 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥153
     二、人事行政機關的改組 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥155
     三、雇用制度的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥157
     四、訓練制度的發展 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥163
     五、文官員額精簡 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥166
     第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥167
     一、從人事管理到人力資源管理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥168
     二、人力資源管理的內涵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥170
     三、策略性人力資源管理的省思 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥171
     第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥173
     一、部長責任制與文官政治中立 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥173
     二、政治控制與文官特權 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥174
     三、續階計畫與行政課責 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥175
     四、核心主管部門與高級文官的決策角色 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥177
     第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥179
     一、難以周全的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥179
     二、梅傑與柴契爾在統理態度上的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥181
     三、遲來的回應力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥182
     四、潛在的成本與潛在的效益 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥183
     第七章 結論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥187
     第一節 研究發現 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥188
     第二節 研究建議 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥200		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002000106en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 治理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 治理能力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新公共管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新右派zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 西市敏寺型式改革zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) governanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) governabilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) new public managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) new righten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Westminster- style reformsen_US
dc.title (題名) 英國政府治理模式變革之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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