| dc.contributor.advisor | 吳家恩 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 吳鎮安 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Wu Chen Un | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 吳鎮安 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Wu Chen Un | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2003 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 18-Sep-2009 17:36:37 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 18-Sep-2009 17:36:37 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 18-Sep-2009 17:36:37 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0912550081 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36218 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 財政研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 91255008 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 92 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 傳統的不均度指標對於不均度的排序皆是精確而不含糊的，在Lorenz曲線相交的情況下，無法使用Lorenz準則判別不均度優劣，若使用不均度指標則可能產生不一致的排序結果，為了解決此一困境，本研究沿用Basu（1987）與Ok（1995，1996）的研究架構，修改其所得不均度的模糊測量方法，並力求將相關的模糊理論研究方法應用在所得不均度的議題上。 本文實證部分主要使用1980年至2002年中華民國行政院主計處「家庭收支調查報告」的資料，計算出家戶與個人資料的所得不均度指標值。結果發現，若考慮個人對於不均度感受上的模糊性，在家戶所得方面，80年代至90年代以後不均度顯著惡化，而個人所得分配則無明顯差異。而迴歸分析結果顯示，妻子勞動參與率上升、戶內就業人數比例增加，社福支出增加均有助於改善家戶所得不均的情況，而就業者平均教育程度上升與失業率的增加會加深家戶所得不均度。考慮不同的不均度指標間存在著模糊性，亦即將不均度指標視為模糊數（fuzzy number），而將傳統迴歸分析延伸至模糊迴歸分析，所預測的結果不再是一個精確的點，而是一個模糊區間，如此更切合實際所得分配狀況。最後，對於1993年至1997年不均度的模糊比較結果，討論了語意表示與信賴區間兩種不同的解模糊方法。而不同機制（隸屬度函數與不均度指標的不同）下的模糊排序結果可能產生不一致，本文也引用了文獻上的方法加以解決。值得注意的是，利用各種模糊關係的總和排序，與主計處每年根據家戶總可支配所得五等分位資料所計算的Gini係數排序略有出入，顯示出更客觀的排序結果。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………… 1 第二節 研究方法與研究限制……………………………………… 3 第三節 研究架構…………………………………………………… 5 第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………… 6 第三章 所得分配不均度之衡量指標……………………………… 10 第一節 衡量指標的方法與準則…………………………………… 10 第二節 Lorenz曲線與Gini係數…………………………………… 12 第三節 Extended Gini Index…………………………………… 16 第四節 本章小結…………………………………………………… 18 第四章 模糊理論研究方法介紹……………………………………… 19 第一節 模糊理論簡介……………………………………………… 19 第二節 模糊二元關係與遞移性公理……………………………… 22 第三節 隸屬度函數之類型與檢驗………………………………… 28 第四節 模糊偏好關係下之集體選擇……………………………… 34 第五節 模糊檢定…………………………………………………… 38 第六節 模糊迴歸分析……………………………………………… 43 第七節 本章小結…………………………………………………… 49 第五章 實證分析∼以台灣所得分配為例………………………… 50 第一節 資料來源與實證程序……………………………………… 50 第二節 1980年~2002年所得不均度之探討……………………… 52 一、 所得不均度變化之總覽…………………………………… 52 二、 影響所得分配變化之原因~傳統迴歸分析……………… 57 三、 影響所得分配變化之原因~模糊迴歸分析……………… 60 四、 小結………………………………………………………… 62 第三節 90年代以後所得不均度之模糊測量……………………… 63 一、 不均度之模糊二元比較與排序結果……………………… 63 二、 模糊二元比較顯著性探討∼模糊檢定結果……………… 70 三、 模糊二元比較顯著性探討∼模糊迴歸結果……………… 76 四、 小結………………………………………………………… 77 第六章 結論與延伸………………………………………………… 79 附錄A…………………………………………………………………… 83 參考文獻………………………………………………………………… 98 | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912550081 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Gini係數 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | E-Gini係數 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 模糊二元關係 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 遞移性 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 隸屬度函數 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 模糊排序 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 模糊檢定 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 解模糊化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 信賴區間 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 模糊迴歸分析 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | 所得不均度之模糊測量－以台灣所得分配為例 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中文部分： | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 朱雲鵬（1991），「家戶大小與所得分配：1980與1989年台灣實證研 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 究」，《中國經濟學會年會論文集》，287-307 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林忠正（1990），「人口轉型與所得分配的變動趨勢」，《人口變遷與經 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 濟社會發展研討會》，443-458。台北：中央研究院經濟研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林金源（1997），「家庭結構變化對台灣所得分配及經濟福利分配的影 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 響」，《人文及社會科學集刊》，9（4），39-63 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 沈忠隆（1978），《經濟成長與所得分配：理論研究》，私立東吳大學經 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 濟研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳慧瑛（1998），「家戶人口規模與所得分配，1976-1995」，《經濟論 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 文》，26（1），19-50 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sen（1997）,On Economic Inequality, London：Oxford University | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Smithson, Michael（1988）,“Fuzzy set theory and the social | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sciences：the scope for applications,”Fuzzy Sets and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Systems, 26, 1-21 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sorrocks, Anthony F. and James E. Foster（1987）,“Transfer | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sensitive Inequality Measures,”The Review of Economic | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Studies, 54（3）, 485-497 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Taheri S.M. and J. Behboodian（2001）,“A Bayesian approach to | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fuzzy hypotheses testing,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 123, 39-48 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 阮亨中、吳柏林（2000），《模糊數學與統計應用》，台北：俊傑書局 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tanaka H., S. Uejima, and K. Asai（1982）,“Linear regression | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | analysis with fuzzy model,”IEEE Trans. System Man Cybernet, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12, 903-907 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Temkin, Larry S.（1993）, Inequality, New York：Oxford | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wang, Hsiao-Fang and Ruey-Chyn Tsaur（2000）,“Resolution of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fuzzy regression model,”European Journal of Operational | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Research, 126, 637-650 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wang, Hsiao-Fang and Ruey-Chyn Tsaur（2000）,“Insight of a | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fuzzy regression model,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 112, 355-369 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曹添旺（1996），「台灣家庭所得不均度的分解與變化試析，1950∼ | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Watanabe, Norio and Tadashi Imaizumi（1993）,“A fuzzy | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | statistical test of fuzzy hypotheses,”Fuzzy Sets and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Systems, 53, 167-178 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wu, Berlin and Neng-Fang Tseng（2002）,“A new approach to | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fuzzy regression models with application to business cycle | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | analysis,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 130, 33-42 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yuan, Yufei（1991）,“Criteria for evaluating fuzzy ranking | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | methods,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 44, 139-157 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zadeh, L. A.（1965）,“Fuzzy Sets,”Information and Control, 8, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 338-353 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1993」，《人文及社會科學集刊》，8（2），181-219 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zahariev, Stoichko（1987）,“An approach to group choice with | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fuzzy preference relations,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 22, 203- | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 213 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zimmermann, H.-J. and P. Zysno（1985）,“Quantifying vagueness | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | in decision models,”European Journal of Operational | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Research, 22, 148-158 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zimmermann, H.-J.（1996）, Fuzzy set theory--and its | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | applications, Boston：Kluwer Academic Publishers | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 邊裕淵（1978），《台灣經濟發展與所得分配》，國立台灣大學經濟研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 所博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 羅賀 (Loehr,William)、鮑爾森 (Powelson,John P.)、王慶輝 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | （1987），《經濟發展暨所得分配經濟學》，台北：國立編譯館 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 英文部分： | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Allison, Paul D.（1978）,“Measures of Inequality,”American | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sociological Review, 43(6), 865-880. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Arnold, Bernhard F.（1998）,“Testing fuzzy hypotheses with | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | crisp data,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 94, 323-333 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barrett, C.R., Prasanta K. Pattanaik and Maurice Salles（1986）, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | “On the structure of fuzzy social welfare functions,”Fuzzy | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sets and Systems, 19, 1-10 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Basu, Kaushik（1984）,“Fuzzy Revealed Preference Theory,” | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Journal of Economic Theory, 32, 212-227 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Basu, Kaushik（1987）,“Axioms for a fuzzy measure of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | inequality,”Mathematical Social Science, 14, 275-288 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Basu, Kaushik, Rajat Deb and Prasanta K. Pattanaik.（1992）, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | “Soft sets：An ordinal formulation of vagueness with some | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | applications to the theory of choice,”Fuzzy Sets and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Systems, 45, 45-58 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Billot, Antoine（1995）, Economic theory of fuzzy equilibria : | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | an axiomatic analysis, Berlin ; New York：Springer-Verlag | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bishop, John A., John P. Formby and W. James Smith（1991）, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | “International Comparisons of Income Inequality：Tests for | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lorenz Dominance Across Nine Countries,”Economica, 58 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | （232）, 461-477 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chang, Yun-Hsi O. and Bilal M. Ayyub（2001）,“Fuzzy regression | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | methods- a comparative assessment,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 119, 187-203 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chakravarty, Satya R.（1988）,“Extended Gini Indices of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Inequality,”International Economic Review, 29(1), 147-156 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chen, Joseph E. and Kevin N. Otto（1995）,“Constructing | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | membership functions using interpolation and measurement | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | theory,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 73, 313-327 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chen, Yun-Shiow（2001）,“Outliers detection and confidence | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | interval modification,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 119, 259-272 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Civanlar, M. Reha and H. Joel Trussell（1986）,“Constructing | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | membership functions using statistical data”Fuzzy Sets and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Systems, 18, 1-13 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Corral, Norberto and Maria Angeles Gil（1988）,“A note on | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | interval estimation with fuzzy data,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 28, 209-215 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Coulter, Philip B.（1989）, Measuring Inequality：A | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Methodological Handbook, Boulder [Colo.] ：Westview Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dasgupta, Manabendra and Rajat Deb（1996）,“Transitivity and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fuzzy preferences,”Social Choice and Welfare, 13, 305-318 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Davies, James and Michael Hoy（1995）,“Making Inequality | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Comparisons When Lorenz Curves Intersect,”The American | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Economic Review, 85（4）, 980-986 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dombi, J.（1990）,“Membership function as an evaluation,” | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 35, 1-21 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dutta, Bhaskar, Santosh C. Panda and Prasanta K. Pattanaik | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | （1986）,“Exact choice and fuzzy preferences,”Mathematical | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Social Science, 11, 53-68 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dutta, Bhaskar（1987）,“Fuzzy preferences and social choice,” | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mathematical Social Science, 13, 215-229 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fields, Gary S. and John C. H. Fei（1978）,“On Inequality | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Comparisons,”Econometrica, 46（2）, 303-316 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gastwirth, Joseph L.（1971）,“A General Definition of the | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lorenz Curve,”Econometrica, 39(6), 1037-1039. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kaufmann. A.（1975）, Introduction to the Theory of Fuzzy | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Subsets, Orlando： Academic Press | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Medaglia, Andres L., Shu-Cherng Fang, Henry L.W. Nuttle and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | James R. Wilson（2002）,“An efficient and flexible mechanism | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | for constructing membership functions,”European Journal of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Operational Research, 139, 84-95 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Montenegro, Manuel, Maria Rosa Casals, Maria Asuncion Lubiano | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and Maria Angeles Gil（2001）,“Two-sample hypothesis tests | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of means of a fuzzy random variable,”Information Sciences, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 133, 89-100 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nguyen, Hung T.（1997）,“Fuzzy sets and probability,”Fuzzy | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sets and Systems, 90, 129-132 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ok, Efe A.（1994）,“On the approximation of fuzzy preferences | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | by exact relations,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 67, 173-179 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ok, Efe A.（1995）,“Fuzzy measurement of income inequality：a | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | class of fuzzy inequality measures,”Social Choice and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Welfare, 12, 111-136 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ok, Efe A.（1996）,“Fuzzy Measurement of Income Inequality： | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Some Possibility Results on the Fuzzification of the Lorenz | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ordering,”Economic Theory, 7, 513-530 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Przemyslaw and Grzegorzewski（2000）,“Testing statistical | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | hypotheses with vague data,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 112, 501- | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 510 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Przemyslaw and Grzegorzewski（2001）“Fuzzy tests- | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | defuzzification and randomization,”Fuzzy Sets and Systems, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 118, 437-446 | zh_TW |
