Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 同儕評量與自評之差異、相對親疏關係決策控制力及內外控對團體成員公平知覺的影響
作者 徐瑋伶
Hsu, Wei-Ling
貢獻者 陳彰儀
Chen, Chang-I
徐瑋伶
Hsu, Wei-Ling
關鍵詞 同儕評量與自評之差異
相對親疏關係
決策控制力
內外控
公平知覺
Discrepancies between peer rating and self rating
Relative relationship
Decision control
Locus of control
Perception of fairness
日期 1998
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 18:30:30 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究之目的在了解使用同儕評量為考核方式時,可能影響團體成員公平知覺等心理反應的因素。研究中以96名大學女生為實驗對象,採2x2x2實驗設計,探討“同儕評量與自評之差異”、“團體成員相對親疏關係”及“決策控制力(自評對獎金分配之影響力)”等三個因素對團體成員公平知覺之影響,並了解內外控傾向在此影響機制中扮演的角色。研究結果顯示,當團體使用同儕評量之考核方法時,“同儕評量與自評之差異”對個體的公平知覺、結果滿意、團體吸引力、再次合作意願均有非常顯著的影響。顯示個體相當關心自我評量與同儕評量之差異,當同儕評量比自評低時,個人在以上幾種心理反應都顯著的較弱。在“相對親疏關係”上,結果顯示個體進入團體中時,若感覺其他兩位成員間之親疏關係,比個體自己與其他任一人間為親密時,其公平知覺會較低。在“決策控制力”上,則發現其對公平知覺與再次合作意願有顯著影響,當自評對酬賞結果具有影響力(決策控制力高)時,個體的公平知覺會較高,也較願意再次與其他兩位成員合作。在“同儕評量與自評之差異”、“相對親疏關係”、“決策控制力”三者之交互作用方面,分析結果顯示均未達顯著。在內外控此變項上,除發現其對公平知覺有顯著影響,即愈外控者之公平知覺愈低外,另亦顯示內外控與“相對親疏關係”具有交互作用,但與“決策控制力”、“同儕評量與自評之差異”之交互作用並不顯著,表示內外控只在“相對親疏關係”對公平知覺之影響上有調節效果。本研究最後對未獲驗證之部份加以討論,並依實驗所得結果,提出可能之貢獻、限制、對未來研究的建議及工商實務上之應用。
This study, employing 96 undergraduates and 2×2×2 experimental design, examined the effects of “discrepancies between peer rating and self rating”, “ relative relationship” and “decision control (the influence of self rating on reward) ” to group members’ perception of fairness. The role of locus of control was also explored. When using the peer rating, subjects who received relative lower peer rating showed weaker perception of fairness, less satisfied with outcome, less attracted to other two coworkers and lower recooperative willing. Subjects perceived fairer when the relative relationship is equal (the familiarity within group members is the same). With the high decision control, subjects’ perception of fairness and recooperative willing were higher. No interaction effect of these three independent variables was found. Locus of control had moderating effect on the relation between relative relationship and perception of fairness. Implications for management and future research are discussed.
參考文獻 李美枝(民82)。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人人己關係的界限。
本土心理學研究,第1期,頁267﹣300。
李俊明(民87)。以同儕提名法在團體活動中評鑑初、中階主管人員之
應用分析研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
吳子輝(民64)。內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀測驗成績之影響。國立
政治大學教育所碩士論文。
邱月淑(民81)。領導權的獲得程序及個人利得立場對程序公正知覺和
權威信服度的影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
黃光國(民77)。人情與面子:中國人的權力遊戲。見楊國樞主編:中
國人的心理,頁289﹣318。台北:桂冠圖書公司。
曾光佩(民82)。大學生的憂鬱與歸因:憂鬱性歸因理論之驗證。國立
In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the Workplace, (pp.107-
131). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Korsgaard, M.A., & Roberson, L. (1995). Procedural justice in
performance evaluation: The role of instrumental and non-
instrumental voice in performance appraisal discussions.
Journal of Management, Vol 21(4), 657-669.
Lerner, M.J.(1981). The justice motive in human relations:
Some thoughts on what we know and need to know about
justice. In M.J. Lerner (Eds), The Justice Motive in
Social Behavior (pp.23-51). New York: Academic Press.
台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
Leung, K., & Bond, M.H.(1984). The impact of cultural
collectivism on reward allocation. Journal of Personality
and Social psychology, 47, 793-804.
Lind, E.A. (1982). The Psychology of the courtroom procedure.
In N.L. Kerr & R.M. Bary (Eds), The psychology of
courtroom (pp.13-37) New York : Academic Press.
Lind, E.A., & Tyler, T.R. (1988). The Social Psychology of
Procedural Justice. New York: Plenum.
Lind, E.A., Kanfer, R., & Earley, P.C.(1993). Voice, control,
and Procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumental
楊幼蘭 譯(民85)。改造企業。Michale Hammer & James Campy 原著。
concerns in fairness judgement. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 59, 952-959.
Lind, E.A., Kray, L. & Thompson, L.(1998). The social
construction of injustice :Judgement in response to own
and other`s unfair treatment by authorities.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 75, 1
-22.
Mahler, I., Greenberg, L., & Hayashi, H.(1981). A comparative
study of rules of justice: Japanese versus American.
Psychological: An International Journal of Psychology in
台北:牛頓出版股份有限公司。
the Orient, 24(1), 1-8.
Motta, R.W., & Tiegerman, S.(1979). Perception of justice: An
adolescent view. Journal of Community Psychology, 7(2),
151-157.
Murphy, K.R., & Cleveland, J.N.(1995). Understanding
Performance Appraisal: Social, Organizational, and Goal-
based Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Murphy, K.R., & Myors, B. (1998). Statistical Power Analysis: A
Simple and General Model for Traditional and Modern
Hypothesis Tests. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associts.
齊若蘭 譯(民84)。第五項修煉﹣實踐篇(I)(II)。Peter M.Senge等
Parker, G.M. (1990). Team Player and Teamwork: The New
Competitive Business Strategy. San Franciso, CA: Jossey-
Bass Publishers.
Ployhart, r.e., & Marie Ryan, A. (1998). Applicants’ reactions
to the fairness of selection procedures: The effect of
positive rule violations and time of measurement. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 3-16.
Reberon, L., Torkel, S., Korsgarrd, A., Klein, D., Diddams, M.,
& Cayer, M. (1993). Self appraisal and perception of the
appraisal discussion: A field experiment. Journal of
著。台北:牛頓出版股份有限公司。
Organizational Behavior, 14, 129-142.
Roberson, L. (1995). Procedural justice in Performance
evaluation : The role of instrumental and noninstrumental
voice in performance appraisal discussion. Journal of
Management, 21, 657-699.
Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal
versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological
Monographs, 80 (1,Whole no.609).
Schmitt, N., Goging, R.Z., Noe, R.A. & Kirsch, M.(1984). Meta-
analysis of validity studies published between 1964 and
Alexander, S., & Ruderman, M. (1987). The role of procedure and
1982 and the investigation of study characteristic.
Personnel Psychology, 37, 407-422.
Shore, L.M., & Thornton, G.C.III(1986). Effect of gender on
self and supervisory rating. Academy of Management
Journal, 29, 111-129.
Sweeney, P.D., McFarlin, D.B., & Cotton, J.L.(1991). Locus of
control as a moderator of the relationship between
perceived influence and procedural justice. Human
Relations, 44(4), 333-342.
Tajifel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories. New
distributive justice in organizational behavior. Social
York: Cambridge University Press.
Thibaut, J., & Walker, L.(1975). Procedural Justice : A
Psychological Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Tyler, T.R. (1994). Psychological models of the justice motive:
Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice. Journal
Of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 850-863.
Tyler, T.R. (1984). The role of perceived injustice in
defendant’s evaluations of their courtroom experience. Law
and Society Review, 19,51-74.
Walster, E., Walster, G.W., & Berscheid, E.(1978). Equity:
Justice Research, 1, 177-198.
Theory and Research. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Wellims, R.S., Byham, W.C., & Williams, G.R. (1994). Inside
Teams: How 20 World-class Organizations are Winning through
Teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Austin, W. (1980). Friendship and fairness: Effect of type of
relationship and task performance on choice of
distribution rules. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 6(3), 402-408.
Barclay, J.H., & Harland, L.k. (1995). Peer performance
appraisal: The impact of rater competence, rater location,
and rating correctability on fairness perception. Group and
Organizational Management, 20(1), 39-60.
Basset, G.A., & Meyer, H.H.(1968). Performance appraisal based
on self review. Personnel Psychology, 21, 421-430.
Bernardin, W.C., & Beatty, R.W.(1984). Performance Appraisal:
Assessing Human Behavior at Work. Boston: Kent.
Blakely, G.L. (1993). The effect of performance rating
discrepancies on supervisors and subordinates.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 54,57-
80.
Borman, W.C. (1974). The rating of individuals in organizations:
An alternate approach. Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance, 12, 105-124.
Brewer, M.B. & Kramer, R.M. (1986). Choice behavior in social
dilemmas: Effect of social identity, group size, and
decision framing. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 50, 543-549.
Cardy, R.J., & Dobbins, G.H.(1994). Performance Appraisal:
Alternative Perspectives. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western
Publishing.
Campell, D.J., & Lee, C.(1988). Self-appraisal in performance
evaluation: Development versus evaluation. Academy of
Management Review, 13, 302-314.
Cascio, W.F. (1997). Applied Psychology in Human Resource
Management (5th). Upper Saddle River,NJ: Prentice-Hall,
Inc.
Casper, J., & Tyler, T.R.(1986). Procedural justice among felony
defendants. Paper presented at the meeting of the Law and
Society Association, Chicago.
Cawley, B.D., Keeping, L.M., & Levy, P.E.(1998).
Participation in the performance appraisal process and
employee reaction: A meta-analysis review of field
investigations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 615-
633.
Conlon, D.E. (1993). Some test of the self-interest and group-
value models of procedural justice: Evidence from an
organizational appeal procedure. Academy of Management
Journal, 36, 1109-1124.
Dulebohn, J.H.(1997). Social influence in justice evaluations
of human resource system. Personnel and Human Resources
Management, 5, 241-291.
Edward, M.R., & Ewen, A.J. (1996). 360-degree Feedback: The
Powerful New Model for Employee Assessment & Performance
Improvement. CA: American Management Association.
Folger, R. (1987). Reformulating the Preconditions of
resentment: A referent cognition model .In J.C. Master &
W.P. Smith (Eds),Social Comparison, Relative Deprivation,
and Social Justice. New York: Pleum Press.
Folger, R., Konovsky, M., & Cropanzano, R. (1992). A due process
metaphor for performance appraisal. In B. Staw & L. Cumming
(Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, (14,127-148).
Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Folger, R., & Lewis, D. (1993). Self appraisal and fairness in
evaluation. In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the
Workplace, (pp.107-131). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Greenberg, J. (1986). Determinants of perceived fairness of
performance evaluation. Journal of Applied psychology,
71, 310-342.
Harris, M.M., & Schaubroeck, J. (1988). A Meta-analysis of self-
supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor rating.
Personnel Psychology, 41, 43-46.
Kane, J.S., & Lawler, E.E. (1978). Methods of peer assessment.
Psychological Bulletin, 85, 555-586.
Kanter, R.M. (1989). When Giants Learn to Dance : Mastering the
Challenge of Strategy,Management, and Careers in the
1990s. New York:Simon and Schuster.
Kirkman, B.L. Shapiro, D.L., Novelli, L. & BeReet, J.M. (1996).
Employee concerns regarding self-managing work teams: A
multidimensional justice perspective. Social Justice
Research, 9(1), 47-67.
Kleiman, L.S. (1997). Human Resource Management: A Tool for
Competitive Advantage. St.Paul,Minn:West Pub. Co..
Konovsky, M.A., & Brockner, J. (1993). Managing victim and
survivorlayoff reactions: A procedural justice perspective.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
86752010
87
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001297
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳彰儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Chang-Ien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐瑋伶zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Wei-Lingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐瑋伶zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Wei-Lingen_US
dc.date (日期) 1998en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 18:30:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 18:30:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 18:30:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002001297en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36410-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 86752010zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 87zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究之目的在了解使用同儕評量為考核方式時,可能影響團體成員公平知覺等心理反應的因素。研究中以96名大學女生為實驗對象,採2x2x2實驗設計,探討“同儕評量與自評之差異”、“團體成員相對親疏關係”及“決策控制力(自評對獎金分配之影響力)”等三個因素對團體成員公平知覺之影響,並了解內外控傾向在此影響機制中扮演的角色。研究結果顯示,當團體使用同儕評量之考核方法時,“同儕評量與自評之差異”對個體的公平知覺、結果滿意、團體吸引力、再次合作意願均有非常顯著的影響。顯示個體相當關心自我評量與同儕評量之差異,當同儕評量比自評低時,個人在以上幾種心理反應都顯著的較弱。在“相對親疏關係”上,結果顯示個體進入團體中時,若感覺其他兩位成員間之親疏關係,比個體自己與其他任一人間為親密時,其公平知覺會較低。在“決策控制力”上,則發現其對公平知覺與再次合作意願有顯著影響,當自評對酬賞結果具有影響力(決策控制力高)時,個體的公平知覺會較高,也較願意再次與其他兩位成員合作。在“同儕評量與自評之差異”、“相對親疏關係”、“決策控制力”三者之交互作用方面,分析結果顯示均未達顯著。在內外控此變項上,除發現其對公平知覺有顯著影響,即愈外控者之公平知覺愈低外,另亦顯示內外控與“相對親疏關係”具有交互作用,但與“決策控制力”、“同儕評量與自評之差異”之交互作用並不顯著,表示內外控只在“相對親疏關係”對公平知覺之影響上有調節效果。本研究最後對未獲驗證之部份加以討論,並依實驗所得結果,提出可能之貢獻、限制、對未來研究的建議及工商實務上之應用。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study, employing 96 undergraduates and 2×2×2 experimental design, examined the effects of “discrepancies between peer rating and self rating”, “ relative relationship” and “decision control (the influence of self rating on reward) ” to group members’ perception of fairness. The role of locus of control was also explored. When using the peer rating, subjects who received relative lower peer rating showed weaker perception of fairness, less satisfied with outcome, less attracted to other two coworkers and lower recooperative willing. Subjects perceived fairer when the relative relationship is equal (the familiarity within group members is the same). With the high decision control, subjects’ perception of fairness and recooperative willing were higher. No interaction effect of these three independent variables was found. Locus of control had moderating effect on the relation between relative relationship and perception of fairness. Implications for management and future research are discussed.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 1
     第二節 文獻探討 5
     第三節 研究問題與假設 19
     第二章 研究方法 23
     第一節 研究對象 23
     第二節 實驗設計 23
     第三節 實驗工具 27
     第四節 實驗程序 28
     第三章 研究結果 36
     第一節 變項之檢定 36
     第二節 研究假設之驗證 41
     第三節 其他結果分析 46
     第四章 討論與建議 51
     第一節 討論 51
     第二節 研究檢討與後續研究建議 55
     第三節 研究貢獻與工商實務之應用 60
     參考文獻 64
     附錄:實驗所用之各種題本 71
     壹、 實驗同意書 71
     貳、 實驗程序一至三步驟之指導語及答本 72
     參、 評量本 76
     肆、 呈現給受試者之評量結果 78
     伍、 後測問卷 79
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001297en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 同儕評量與自評之差異zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相對親疏關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 決策控制力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內外控zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公平知覺zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Discrepancies between peer rating and self ratingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Relative relationshipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Decision controlen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Locus of controlen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Perception of fairnessen_US
dc.title (題名) 同儕評量與自評之差異、相對親疏關係決策控制力及內外控對團體成員公平知覺的影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝(民82)。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人人己關係的界限。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 本土心理學研究,第1期,頁267﹣300。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李俊明(民87)。以同儕提名法在團體活動中評鑑初、中階主管人員之zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 應用分析研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳子輝(民64)。內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀測驗成績之影響。國立zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 政治大學教育所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱月淑(民81)。領導權的獲得程序及個人利得立場對程序公正知覺和zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 權威信服度的影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃光國(民77)。人情與面子:中國人的權力遊戲。見楊國樞主編:中zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國人的心理,頁289﹣318。台北:桂冠圖書公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾光佩(民82)。大學生的憂鬱與歸因:憂鬱性歸因理論之驗證。國立zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the Workplace, (pp.107-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 131). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Korsgaard, M.A., & Roberson, L. (1995). Procedural justice inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) performance evaluation: The role of instrumental and non-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) instrumental voice in performance appraisal discussions.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal of Management, Vol 21(4), 657-669.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lerner, M.J.(1981). The justice motive in human relations:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Some thoughts on what we know and need to know aboutzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) justice. In M.J. Lerner (Eds), The Justice Motive inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Social Behavior (pp.23-51). New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leung, K., & Bond, M.H.(1984). The impact of culturalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) collectivism on reward allocation. Journal of Personalityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and Social psychology, 47, 793-804.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lind, E.A. (1982). The Psychology of the courtroom procedure.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) In N.L. Kerr & R.M. Bary (Eds), The psychology ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) courtroom (pp.13-37) New York : Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lind, E.A., & Tyler, T.R. (1988). The Social Psychology ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Procedural Justice. New York: Plenum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lind, E.A., Kanfer, R., & Earley, P.C.(1993). Voice, control,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and Procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumentalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊幼蘭 譯(民85)。改造企業。Michale Hammer & James Campy 原著。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) concerns in fairness judgement. Journal of Personalityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and Social Psychology, 59, 952-959.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lind, E.A., Kray, L. & Thompson, L.(1998). The socialzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) construction of injustice :Judgement in response to ownzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and other`s unfair treatment by authorities.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 75, 1zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) -22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mahler, I., Greenberg, L., & Hayashi, H.(1981). A comparativezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) study of rules of justice: Japanese versus American.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Psychological: An International Journal of Psychology inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台北:牛頓出版股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) the Orient, 24(1), 1-8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Motta, R.W., & Tiegerman, S.(1979). Perception of justice: Anzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) adolescent view. Journal of Community Psychology, 7(2),zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 151-157.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Murphy, K.R., & Cleveland, J.N.(1995). Understandingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Performance Appraisal: Social, Organizational, and Goal-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) based Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Murphy, K.R., & Myors, B. (1998). Statistical Power Analysis: Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simple and General Model for Traditional and Modernzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hypothesis Tests. New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associts.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 齊若蘭 譯(民84)。第五項修煉﹣實踐篇(I)(II)。Peter M.Senge等zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Parker, G.M. (1990). Team Player and Teamwork: The Newzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Competitive Business Strategy. San Franciso, CA: Jossey-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bass Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ployhart, r.e., & Marie Ryan, A. (1998). Applicants’ reactionszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) to the fairness of selection procedures: The effect ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) positive rule violations and time of measurement. Journalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 3-16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reberon, L., Torkel, S., Korsgarrd, A., Klein, D., Diddams, M.,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) & Cayer, M. (1993). Self appraisal and perception of thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) appraisal discussion: A field experiment. Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 著。台北:牛頓出版股份有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Behavior, 14, 129-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roberson, L. (1995). Procedural justice in Performancezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) evaluation : The role of instrumental and noninstrumentalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) voice in performance appraisal discussion. Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management, 21, 657-699.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) versus external control of reinforcement. Psychologicalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Monographs, 80 (1,Whole no.609).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schmitt, N., Goging, R.Z., Noe, R.A. & Kirsch, M.(1984). Meta-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) analysis of validity studies published between 1964 andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alexander, S., & Ruderman, M. (1987). The role of procedure andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1982 and the investigation of study characteristic.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Personnel Psychology, 37, 407-422.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shore, L.M., & Thornton, G.C.III(1986). Effect of gender onzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) self and supervisory rating. Academy of Managementzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal, 29, 111-129.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sweeney, P.D., McFarlin, D.B., & Cotton, J.L.(1991). Locus ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) control as a moderator of the relationship betweenzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) perceived influence and procedural justice. Humanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Relations, 44(4), 333-342.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tajifel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories. Newzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) distributive justice in organizational behavior. Socialzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thibaut, J., & Walker, L.(1975). Procedural Justice : Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Psychological Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tyler, T.R. (1994). Psychological models of the justice motive:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice. Journalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 850-863.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tyler, T.R. (1984). The role of perceived injustice inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) defendant’s evaluations of their courtroom experience. Lawzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and Society Review, 19,51-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walster, E., Walster, G.W., & Berscheid, E.(1978). Equity:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Justice Research, 1, 177-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Theory and Research. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wellims, R.S., Byham, W.C., & Williams, G.R. (1994). Insidezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teams: How 20 World-class Organizations are Winning throughzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Austin, W. (1980). Friendship and fairness: Effect of type ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) relationship and task performance on choice ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) distribution rules. Personality and Social Psychologyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bulletin, 6(3), 402-408.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barclay, J.H., & Harland, L.k. (1995). Peer performancezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) appraisal: The impact of rater competence, rater location,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and rating correctability on fairness perception. Group andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Management, 20(1), 39-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Basset, G.A., & Meyer, H.H.(1968). Performance appraisal basedzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) on self review. Personnel Psychology, 21, 421-430.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernardin, W.C., & Beatty, R.W.(1984). Performance Appraisal:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Assessing Human Behavior at Work. Boston: Kent.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blakely, G.L. (1993). The effect of performance ratingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) discrepancies on supervisors and subordinates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 54,57-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 80.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Borman, W.C. (1974). The rating of individuals in organizations:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) An alternate approach. Organizational Behavior and Humanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Performance, 12, 105-124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brewer, M.B. & Kramer, R.M. (1986). Choice behavior in socialzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) dilemmas: Effect of social identity, group size, andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) decision framing. Journal of Personality and Socialzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Psychology, 50, 543-549.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cardy, R.J., & Dobbins, G.H.(1994). Performance Appraisal:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alternative Perspectives. Cincinnati, OH: South-Westernzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Campell, D.J., & Lee, C.(1988). Self-appraisal in performancezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) evaluation: Development versus evaluation. Academy ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management Review, 13, 302-314.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cascio, W.F. (1997). Applied Psychology in Human Resourcezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management (5th). Upper Saddle River,NJ: Prentice-Hall,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Casper, J., & Tyler, T.R.(1986). Procedural justice among felonyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) defendants. Paper presented at the meeting of the Law andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Society Association, Chicago.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cawley, B.D., Keeping, L.M., & Levy, P.E.(1998).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Participation in the performance appraisal process andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) employee reaction: A meta-analysis review of fieldzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) investigations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 615-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 633.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conlon, D.E. (1993). Some test of the self-interest and group-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) value models of procedural justice: Evidence from anzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) organizational appeal procedure. Academy of Managementzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal, 36, 1109-1124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dulebohn, J.H.(1997). Social influence in justice evaluationszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of human resource system. Personnel and Human Resourceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management, 5, 241-291.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edward, M.R., & Ewen, A.J. (1996). 360-degree Feedback: Thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Powerful New Model for Employee Assessment & Performancezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Improvement. CA: American Management Association.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Folger, R. (1987). Reformulating the Preconditions ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) resentment: A referent cognition model .In J.C. Master &zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) W.P. Smith (Eds),Social Comparison, Relative Deprivation,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and Social Justice. New York: Pleum Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Folger, R., Konovsky, M., & Cropanzano, R. (1992). A due processzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) metaphor for performance appraisal. In B. Staw & L. Cummingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, (14,127-148).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Folger, R., & Lewis, D. (1993). Self appraisal and fairness inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) evaluation. In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Workplace, (pp.107-131). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrencezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenberg, J. (1986). Determinants of perceived fairness ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) performance evaluation. Journal of Applied psychology,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 71, 310-342.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harris, M.M., & Schaubroeck, J. (1988). A Meta-analysis of self-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor rating.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Personnel Psychology, 41, 43-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kane, J.S., & Lawler, E.E. (1978). Methods of peer assessment.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Psychological Bulletin, 85, 555-586.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kanter, R.M. (1989). When Giants Learn to Dance : Mastering thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Challenge of Strategy,Management, and Careers in thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1990s. New York:Simon and Schuster.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirkman, B.L. Shapiro, D.L., Novelli, L. & BeReet, J.M. (1996).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Employee concerns regarding self-managing work teams: Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) multidimensional justice perspective. Social Justicezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Research, 9(1), 47-67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kleiman, L.S. (1997). Human Resource Management: A Tool forzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Competitive Advantage. St.Paul,Minn:West Pub. Co..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Konovsky, M.A., & Brockner, J. (1993). Managing victim andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) survivorlayoff reactions: A procedural justice perspective.zh_TW