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題名 帝俄末期財經農業改革之研究--以維特及史托里賓之改革為中心
作者 黃雪娥
貢獻者 王兆徽
黃雪娥
關鍵詞 財經改革
農業改革
維特
史托里賓
Economic reform
Agrarian reform
Witte
Stolypin
日期 2001
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 18:35:00 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文旨在研究一八九0年代至二十世紀初,俄國國內的財經與農業之改革。本文之財經改革研究是以十九世紀末期俄國著名的改革家謝爾蓋‧尤里耶維奇.維特(Sergei Yul`evich Witte, 1849-1915)為中心,而農業改革之研究主要是以彼得.阿爾卡吉耶維奇.史托里賓(Petr Arkad`evich Stolypin, 1862-1911)為中心。
長期統治俄國三百餘年的羅曼諾夫王朝,於一九一七年的革命爆發之後走入了歷史。羅曼諾夫王朝之所以被推翻,原因之一是人民不滿於沙皇政府的保守專制與腐敗無能。而維特的財經改革與史托里賓的農業改革,關係著俄國當時的社會脈動,尤其在人民對沙皇不滿情緒逐日高漲的時期,兩人的改革攸關人民對沙皇的支持與否。而且,兩人改革的時問與俄國沙皇政權結束的時間,有著密切的前後關聯性,因此兩人的改革對帝俄末期發展至關重要。
本論文主要探討的中心問題為:是否維特的財經改革與史托里賓的農業改革成功,革命就不會發生?俄國在二十世紀初羅曼諾夫王朝結束之前,不到二十年的時間襄,就發生了兩次革命:一九○五年革命和一九一七年二月革命。這兩次革命都有工人與農民參與,他們對政府都有強烈的不滿。表示他們長期受到了壓迫,政府雖有進行改革卻未能消弭他們的積怨。因此,俄國政府所實施的與工人與農民有密切關係的財經農業改革,在帝俄末期仍無法滿足人民的需求。若人民的需求得以獲得滿足,革命可能就不會發生。
本論文將分五章來探討。第一章為緒論,說明研究目的與研究動機、文獻回顧、研究途徑與研究方法、研究架構。第二章為時代背景,將維特與史托里賓改革時的國內環境與國際環境作一粗略簡介。本章分為二節:分別為俄國國內環境與國際環境之簡述:第三章為維特經改之研究。本章共分為三節:分別為維特生平之簡介、維特實施財經改革之內容以及評價。第四章為史托里賓農改之研究。本章共分為三節:分別為史托里賓生平之簡介、史托里賓實施農業改革之內容以及評價。第五章為結論,總結本論文經研究後所得之結果。
This thesis is to discuss the economic reform and agrarian reform in Imperial Russia from the 1890s to the beginning of the twentieth century. In the thesis I research the economic reform which was implemented by Sergei Yul`evich Witte (1849-1915) who was famous as a Russian reformer in the end of nineteenth century, and the agrarian reform which was implemented by Petr Arkad`evich Stolypin (1862-1911).
Romanov Dynasty which had reigned Imperial Russia for more than three hundred years was collapsed after the Revolution of 1917. The one of the reasons why Romanov Dynasty was collapsed was people`s dissatisfaction with Russian government`s autocracy, conservatism, corruption and incapability. Witte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform had influences on the social tendency in Imperial Russia at that time. Especially when people had more and more dissatisfaction with Tsar, Witte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform related with the degree of people`s support to Tsar. Furthermore, the time ofWitte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform was close to the time of Tsar regime`s termination. Therefore, their reforms played vital roles in the development of the last phase of Imperial Russia.
The discussion centered on the most important question: if Witte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform had been successful, the February Revolution of 1917 did not happened to the nation. Before the end of Romanov Dynasty, not till twenty years, there were two revolutions - the Revolution of 1905 and the February Revolution of 1917. Workers and peasants took part in the two revolutions because they had strong dissatisfaction with the government. It represented that they had been oppressed by the government for the long time. Although the government implemented the reforms,the government could not decline their accumulated rancor. Thus, their reforms which connected with workers and peasants still could not meet people`demands. If the government had been able to meet people` demands, the February Revolution of 1917 did not happened to the nation.
This thesis will be discussed in five chapters. Chapter I is introduction: it will explain the purpose, motivation, method, documents and framework of this thesis. Chapter 2 contains background. It briefly introduces the domestic situations and the international conditions when Witte and Stolypin reformed. In the Chapter 3, I research Witte`s economic reform. There are three sections in this chapter - the synopsis of Witte`s life, the contains of Witte`s reform and criticism. In the Chapter 4, I research Stolypin`s agrarian reform. There are three sections in this chapter - the synopsis of Stolypin`s life, the contains of Stolypin`s reform and criticism.
Chapter 5: conclusion.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
87263004
90
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCU0612012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王兆徽zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃雪娥zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃雪娥zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2001en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 18:35:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 18:35:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 18:35:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G91NCCU0612012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36449-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 87263004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文旨在研究一八九0年代至二十世紀初,俄國國內的財經與農業之改革。本文之財經改革研究是以十九世紀末期俄國著名的改革家謝爾蓋‧尤里耶維奇.維特(Sergei Yul`evich Witte, 1849-1915)為中心,而農業改革之研究主要是以彼得.阿爾卡吉耶維奇.史托里賓(Petr Arkad`evich Stolypin, 1862-1911)為中心。
長期統治俄國三百餘年的羅曼諾夫王朝,於一九一七年的革命爆發之後走入了歷史。羅曼諾夫王朝之所以被推翻,原因之一是人民不滿於沙皇政府的保守專制與腐敗無能。而維特的財經改革與史托里賓的農業改革,關係著俄國當時的社會脈動,尤其在人民對沙皇不滿情緒逐日高漲的時期,兩人的改革攸關人民對沙皇的支持與否。而且,兩人改革的時問與俄國沙皇政權結束的時間,有著密切的前後關聯性,因此兩人的改革對帝俄末期發展至關重要。
本論文主要探討的中心問題為:是否維特的財經改革與史托里賓的農業改革成功,革命就不會發生?俄國在二十世紀初羅曼諾夫王朝結束之前,不到二十年的時間襄,就發生了兩次革命:一九○五年革命和一九一七年二月革命。這兩次革命都有工人與農民參與,他們對政府都有強烈的不滿。表示他們長期受到了壓迫,政府雖有進行改革卻未能消弭他們的積怨。因此,俄國政府所實施的與工人與農民有密切關係的財經農業改革,在帝俄末期仍無法滿足人民的需求。若人民的需求得以獲得滿足,革命可能就不會發生。
本論文將分五章來探討。第一章為緒論,說明研究目的與研究動機、文獻回顧、研究途徑與研究方法、研究架構。第二章為時代背景,將維特與史托里賓改革時的國內環境與國際環境作一粗略簡介。本章分為二節:分別為俄國國內環境與國際環境之簡述:第三章為維特經改之研究。本章共分為三節:分別為維特生平之簡介、維特實施財經改革之內容以及評價。第四章為史托里賓農改之研究。本章共分為三節:分別為史托里賓生平之簡介、史托里賓實施農業改革之內容以及評價。第五章為結論,總結本論文經研究後所得之結果。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis is to discuss the economic reform and agrarian reform in Imperial Russia from the 1890s to the beginning of the twentieth century. In the thesis I research the economic reform which was implemented by Sergei Yul`evich Witte (1849-1915) who was famous as a Russian reformer in the end of nineteenth century, and the agrarian reform which was implemented by Petr Arkad`evich Stolypin (1862-1911).
Romanov Dynasty which had reigned Imperial Russia for more than three hundred years was collapsed after the Revolution of 1917. The one of the reasons why Romanov Dynasty was collapsed was people`s dissatisfaction with Russian government`s autocracy, conservatism, corruption and incapability. Witte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform had influences on the social tendency in Imperial Russia at that time. Especially when people had more and more dissatisfaction with Tsar, Witte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform related with the degree of people`s support to Tsar. Furthermore, the time ofWitte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform was close to the time of Tsar regime`s termination. Therefore, their reforms played vital roles in the development of the last phase of Imperial Russia.
The discussion centered on the most important question: if Witte`s economic reform and Stolypin`s agrarian reform had been successful, the February Revolution of 1917 did not happened to the nation. Before the end of Romanov Dynasty, not till twenty years, there were two revolutions - the Revolution of 1905 and the February Revolution of 1917. Workers and peasants took part in the two revolutions because they had strong dissatisfaction with the government. It represented that they had been oppressed by the government for the long time. Although the government implemented the reforms,the government could not decline their accumulated rancor. Thus, their reforms which connected with workers and peasants still could not meet people`demands. If the government had been able to meet people` demands, the February Revolution of 1917 did not happened to the nation.
This thesis will be discussed in five chapters. Chapter I is introduction: it will explain the purpose, motivation, method, documents and framework of this thesis. Chapter 2 contains background. It briefly introduces the domestic situations and the international conditions when Witte and Stolypin reformed. In the Chapter 3, I research Witte`s economic reform. There are three sections in this chapter - the synopsis of Witte`s life, the contains of Witte`s reform and criticism. In the Chapter 4, I research Stolypin`s agrarian reform. There are three sections in this chapter - the synopsis of Stolypin`s life, the contains of Stolypin`s reform and criticism.
Chapter 5: conclusion.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論-----1
第一節 研究目的與研究動機-----1
第二節 文獻回顧-----4
第三節 研究途徑與研究方法-----8
第四節 研究架構-----9

第二章 時代背景-----10
第一節 俄國國內環境-----10
一、俄國經濟環境-----10
二、俄國政治環境-----14
三、俄國社會環境-----16
第二節 國際環境-----19
一、國際外交方面-----19
二、國際情勢方面-----20

第三章 維特之財經改革-----22
第一節 維特生平之簡介-----22
第二節 維特實施財經改革之內容-----28
一、維特實施經改之目的-----28
二、維特之經濟觀-----29
三、維特財經改革的具體措施-----31
四、維特經改成效-----50
第三節 評價-----55
一、對維特的正向肯定-----55
二、對維特的負面批評-----56

第四章 史托里賓之農業改革-----61
第一節 史托里賓生平之簡介-----61
第二節 史托里賓農業改革之內容-----63
一、史托里賓農業改革的背景-----63
二、史托里賓農業改革的內容-----75
三、史托里賓農業改革成效-----85
四、史托里賓農業改革之特點-----92
第三節 評 價-----93
一、對史托里賓的正向肯定-----93
二、對史托里賓的負面批評-----94

第五章 結論-----100

附錄一:ASeCret Memormdum of Sergei Witte On the Industrialization of Impeerial Russia-----104
附錄二:史托里賓時期相關農業之法案及措施-----121
參考書目-----122


圖3-1:西伯利亞大鐵路修築路線圖-----36
圖4-1:1907-1915年離開村社戶數圖-----86
表3-1:1851-1900年關稅占進口總值比率-----37
表3-2:1894-1902年各項進口品之關稅率-----38
表3-3:1850-1912年工業發展概況表-----50
表3-4:1877-1897年各產業總值-----51
表3-5:1878-1897年平均生產總值成長量-----52
表3-6:1877-1897年重工業產值-----52
表3-7:1861-1914年俄國企業部門分佈情形-----54
表4-I:1863-1897年地主之土地資金-----71
表4-2:黑土區、非黑土區與西部地區份地差異價-----72
表4-3:1900-1904年農民暴動次數表-----73
表4-4:1890年代歐俄49個省份土地結構表-----77
表4-5:村社廢除條件表-----80
表4-6:1907-1915年村社農民離開戶數表86
表4-7:1908-1915年歐俄份地買賣情況-----88
表4-8:19O8-1915年份地出售的絕對數和相對數-----89
表4-9:19世紀60年代到1916年農民向東部地區遷徙情況-----91
表4-10:1907-1914年農民運動次數表-----97
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCU0612012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 財經改革zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 農業改革zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 維特zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 史托里賓zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Economic reformen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Agrarian reformen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Witteen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Stolypinen_US
dc.title (題名) 帝俄末期財經農業改革之研究--以維特及史托里賓之改革為中心zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen