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題名 Humanitarian Intervention in Ethnic Conflict in light of Kosovo
作者 吳素蘭
貢獻者 姜家雄
吳素蘭
關鍵詞 motivation
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 18:36:37 (UTC+8)
摘要 Humanitarian intervention has always been one of the most controversial issues in the international relations community. One of the reasons for being so controversial is because of difficulty in judging a state’s true motivation to intervene. Third party involvement in internal ethnic conflict has generated much interest especially in post Cold War period. They became the interveners of intra-state conflict disputes in order to minimize the potentials for human rights abuses, instability and violence. However looking back at the inconsistency of the action from the third parties by intervening in one area but not in another one, put into doubts the “pure” nature of humanitarian intervention. A close look to conceptual and empirical level of humanitarian intervention in ethnic conflict helps to understand better the real motivations that drive the third parties to intervene in order to give an end to the internal disputes.
      This thesis suggests that realist-liberalist perspectives are the best paradigms which can explain the controversial aspect of the humanitarian intervention. The detailed analyses of the case study of Kosovo and the comparison with the ethnic conflict in Rwanda has illustrated that there doesn’t exist such a concept as “pure humanitarian intervention” but a mixture of motivations and aims are involved in these humanitarian emergencies.
參考文獻 Books
Abiew, F.K. The Evolution of the Doctrine and Practice of Humanitarian Intervention (Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
Arend, Anthony C. and Robert J. Beck. International Law and the Use of Force: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm London: Routledge Press, 1993.
Bouckaert, Peter & Fred Abrahams. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : A Week of Terror in Drenica- Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo. New York : Human Rights Watch, 1999.
Boyle, Joseph. Natural Law and International Ethics Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1992.
Brown, Michael E. Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1993.
Brown, Michael E. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997.
Brownlie, Ian. International Law and the Use of Force by States Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1963.
Bull, Hedley. Intervention in World Politic Oxford : Claredon Press, 1984.
Caballero, José Antonio. La intervención humanitaria en el siglo XIX México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma, 1989.
Chesterman, Simon. Just war or Just Peace? : Humanitarian Intervention and International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
The American Journal of International Law 83 (April 1989): 406-408.
Varady, Tibo . “Minorities, Majorities, Law, and Ethnicity: Reflections of the Yugoslav Case.” Human Rights Quarterly 19 (1997): 9-54.
Wedgwood, Ruth, “NATO`s Campaign in Yugoslavia.” The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 828-834
Weiss, Thomas C. "Triage: Humanitarian Interventions in a New Era.” World Policy Journal (Spring 1994): 62.
Weiss, Thomas G. “Researching Humanitarian Intervention: Some Lessons.”
Journal of Peace Research (July 2001): 419-428.
Weller, Marc, “The Rambouillet Conference on Kosovo.” International Affairs 75 (April1999): 211-251.
Useful Websites
NATO www.nato.int
The Stockholm International Peace Institute (SIPRI) ( www.sipri.se)
Daalder, Ivo and Michael O’Hanlon. Winning Ugly: NATO`s War to Save Kosovo. Washington DC: Brooking Institution, 2000.
War-Torn Societies Project, UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) (www.unrisd.org)
U.S. Institute of Peace (www.usip.org)
Aspen Institute (www.aspeninst.org)
United Nations www.un.org/peace
www.googlescholar.com
Donia, Robert and John V.A. Fine. Bosnia and Hercegovina: A Tradition Betrayed London: Hurst and Company, 1994.
Donnelly, J. International Human Rights Oxford: Westview,1993.
Durch, W.J & Berry Blechman. Keeping the peace: The UN in the Emerging World Order (Washington DC: Henry Stimson Center, 1992).
Economics. The Balkan Agenda : Security and Regionalism in the New Europe London Defense Studies,1992.
Ericksen, Thomas Hylland. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives London: Pluto, 1993.
Feste, Karen A. Expanding the Frontiers: Super Power Intervention in the Cold War (Westport CT: Praeger,1992).
Finnemore, Martha Ithace. The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Freeman, M.D.A. Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1994.
Gardam, Judith Gail. Humanitarian Law. Brookfield: Dartmouth, 1999.
Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1983.
Glennon, Michael J. Limits of Law, Prerogatives of Power: Interventionism After Kosovo Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.
Gordon, D. S. & F. H. Toase. London Aspects of Peacekeeping. Portland: Frank Cass, 2001.
Gordon, Graham. Ethics and International Relations Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.
Griffiths, Stephen. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: Threats to European Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Holzgrefe, J.L. and Robert O. Keohane. Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Hutchinson, John and Anthony D. Smith. Ethnicity Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Judah, Tim. Kosovo: War and Revenge New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.
Keren, Michael and Donald A Sylvan. International Intervention: Sovereignty versus Responsibility. Portland: F. Cass, 2002.
Kola, Paulin. The search for a Greater Albanian. London: Hurst & Co, 2003.
Kosovo : Avoiding Another Balkan War. Athens: Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, 1998.
Kumar, Ramakrishna. Humanitarian Intervention in Kosovo as Justified, Executed and Mediated by NATO : Strategic Lessons for Singapore. Singapore: Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 2000.
Lake, David A. The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict : Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
Lillich, Richard B. Humanitarian Intervention and the United Nations. Charletsville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1973.
Lobell, Steven E. & Philip Mauceri . Ethnic Conflict and International Politics: Explaining Diffusion and Escalation. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Malcolm, Noel. A Short History of Kosovo. London: Macmillan, 1998.
Martin, Pierre and Mark Brawley. Alliance politics, Kosovo, and NATO`s War: Allied Force or Forced Allies? New York : Palgrave, 2000.
McWhinney, Edward. The United Nations and a New World Order for a New Millennium : Self-determination, State Succession, and Humanitarian Intervention. The Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Murphy, Sean D. Humanitarian Intervention: The United Nations in an Evolving World Order. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.
Paterson, Gow J. and A.. Preston, Bosnia by Television British Film Institute, 1996.
Qosja, Rexhep. Ceshtja Shqiptare:Historia dhe Politika Tirane:Toena,1998.
Ryan, Stephen. Ethnic Conflict and International Relations, 2nd ed. England; Brookfield: Dartmouth, 1995.
Scherrer, Christian P. Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Violence: Conflict Management, Human Rights, and Multilateral Regimes, London: Ashgate, 2003.
Stavenhagen, Rodolfo. The Ethnic Questions Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1999.
The Responsibility to Protect : Research, Bibliography, Background : Supplemental Volume to the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Ottawa : International Development Research Centre, 2001.
Verwey, Wil D. "Humanitarian Intervention under International Law.” Netherlands International Law Review 32 (1985): 357-418.
Vickers, Miranda. Between Serb and Albanian: A History of Kosovo New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Vuckovic, Gojko. Ethnic Cleavages and Conflict: The Sources of National Cohesion and Disintegration - The case of Yugoslavia. Brookfield: Dortmouth, 1997.
Wallensteen, Peter and Ramses Amer. International Intervention : New Norms in the Post-Cold War Era? Uppsala: Uppsala University, Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research,1997.
Walt, Stephen. The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987.
Waltz, Kenneth. Theory of International Politic. Reading, MA: Adison- Wesley, 1979.
Weiss, Thomas George. Military-civilian Interactions: Humanitarian Crises and the
Responsibility to Protect, 2nd ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
Weller, M. The Crisis in Kosovo 1989-1999 Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1999.
Welsh, Jennifer M. Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2004.
Wheeler, Nicholas J. Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Wright, Quincy. A study of War Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
Journal Articles
Archibugi, Daniele.“Cosmopolitan Guidelines for Humanitarian Intervention.” Alternatives. Global, Local, Political 29 (Spring 2004): 1-21.
Best, G. “Justice, International Relations and Human Rights.” International Affairs 4 (October 1995): 788.
Bhikhu, Parekh. “Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention.” International Political Science Review 18 ( Jannuary 1997): 49-69.
Buchanan, Allen.“From Nuremburg to Kosovo: The Morality of Illegal International Legal Reform.” Ethics 111 (July 2001): 673-705.
Caplan, Richard. “International Diplomacy and the Crisis in Kosovo.” International Affairs 74 (October 1998): 745-761.
Charney I, Jonathan. “Anticipatory Humanitarian Intervention in Kosovo.”
The American Journal of International Law (October 1999): 834-841.
Chinkin, Christine M. “Kosovo: A "Good" or "Bad" War?” The American Journal of International Law 93(October 1999): 841-847.
Cooper, Robert and Mats Berdal. “Outside Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts.” Survival 35 ( June 1993):118-42.
Garment, David & Patrick James. “Explaining Third-Party Intervention in Ethnic Conflict: Theory and Evidence.” Nations and Nationalism 6 (July 2000):173-202.
Falk, Richard A. “Kosovo, World Order, and the Future of International Law.”
The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 847-857.
Fixdal, Mona and Smith, Dan. “Humanitarian Intervention and Just War.” Mershon International Studies Review 42 (November 1998): 283-312.
Franck, Thomas M. “Lessons of Kosovo”. The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 857-860.
Garrett, Stephen A. “Doing Good and Doing Well: An Examination of Humanitarian Intervention.” Journal of Peace Research 37(Jul 2000): 535.
Glaser, Charles L. “Why NATO is Still Best: Future Security Arrangements for Europe.”
International Security 18 (Summer 1993): 5-50.
Henkin, Louis. “Kosovo and the Law of Humanitarian Intervention."
The American Journal of International Law 93 (October. 1999): 824-828.
Hobsbawm, E.J. “Ethnicity and Nationalism in Europe Today.” Anthropology Today 8 (1992): 3-8.
Ignatieff, Michael. Blood and Belonging: Journey into the New Nationalism New York: Farrar Strauss, 1993.
Jakobsen, Peter , "National Interest, Humanitarianism or CNN: What Triggers UN Peace Enforcement After the Cold War?" Journal of Peace Research 33 (May 1996).
Kaufmann, Chaim. “Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars.” International Security 20 (Spring 1996): 138.
Koskenniemi, M. “The lady doth protest too much: Kosovo, and the turn to ethics in international law.” The Modern Law Review 65 ( Spring 2002): 159-175.
Lake, David A. and Donald Rothchild, “Containing Fear: The Origins and Management of Ethnic Conflict.” International Security 21 (Autumn 1996): 41-75.
Langford, Tonya. “Things Fall Apart: State Failure and the Politics of Intervention.”
International Studies Review 1 (Spring 1999): 59-79.
Larrabee, F. Stephen, “Long Memories and Short Fuses: Change and Instability in the Balkans.” International Security 15 (Winter 1990): 58-91.
Lillich, Richard B. “Humanitarian Intervention and the United Nations.” The American Journal of International Law 68 (October 1974): 765-767.
Maheshwar, Singh. “Ethnic Conflict and International Security: Theoretical Considerations.” World Affairs 6 ( October-December 2002): 11-15.
Mccgwire, Michael. “Why did We Bomb Belgrade?” International Affairs 76 (Jannuary 2000): 34-75.
Nardin Terry. “The Moral Basis of Humanitarian Intervention,” Ethics and International Affairs 16 ( Summer 2002): 57-71.
Oberschall,, Anthony. “The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 (2000): 982-1001.
Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. “Sociology of Humanitarian Intervention: Bosnia, Rwanda and Somalia compared.” Intrnational Political Science Review (Jannuary 1997): 72. 5
Regan, Patrick M. “Choosing to Intervene: Outside Interventions in Internal Conflicts.”
The Journal of Politics 60 (August 1998):754-779.
Roberts, Adam, “Humanitarian War: Military Intervention and Human Rights.”
International Affairs 69 (Jul. 1993): 429-449.
Smith,Michael J. “Ethics and Intervention,” Ethics and International Affairs 3 ( Spring1998): 1-26.
Teson, Fernando R. “Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality.”
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
92253037
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530371
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜家雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳素蘭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 吳素蘭zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 18:36:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 18:36:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 18:36:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0922530371en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36457-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92253037zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Humanitarian intervention has always been one of the most controversial issues in the international relations community. One of the reasons for being so controversial is because of difficulty in judging a state’s true motivation to intervene. Third party involvement in internal ethnic conflict has generated much interest especially in post Cold War period. They became the interveners of intra-state conflict disputes in order to minimize the potentials for human rights abuses, instability and violence. However looking back at the inconsistency of the action from the third parties by intervening in one area but not in another one, put into doubts the “pure” nature of humanitarian intervention. A close look to conceptual and empirical level of humanitarian intervention in ethnic conflict helps to understand better the real motivations that drive the third parties to intervene in order to give an end to the internal disputes.
      This thesis suggests that realist-liberalist perspectives are the best paradigms which can explain the controversial aspect of the humanitarian intervention. The detailed analyses of the case study of Kosovo and the comparison with the ethnic conflict in Rwanda has illustrated that there doesn’t exist such a concept as “pure humanitarian intervention” but a mixture of motivations and aims are involved in these humanitarian emergencies.
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract
     
     Acknowledgement
     
     Chapter One Introduction ……………………………………………………. 1
      1. Research purpose and question………………………………....2
      2. Theory and Literature Review………………………………… 4
      3. Scope of research……………………………………………….8
      4. Research method………………………………………………..9
      5. Organization of the thesis………………………………………10
     
     Chapter Two Conceptual Analyses of Humanitarian Intervention………….12 1. Definition of humanitarian intervention……………………….12
      2. Historical background………………………………………… 17
      Humanitarian Intervention from XVI Century to 1945………………………….18
      Humanitarian Interventions in the Cold War Period (1945– 1989)….............21
      Humanitarian Intervention after Cold War……………………………………....23
      3. Realists vs. Liberalists views on Humanitarian Intervention…...25
      A liberalist perspective………………………………………………………………26
      A realist perspective…………………………………………………………………29
     
     Chapter Three Internationalization of Ethnic Conflict………………………….34
      1. National dimension of ethnic conflict…………………………...34
      Ethnicity, ethnic community and ethnic conflict………………………………….35
      Causes of ethnic conflict……………………………………………………………..38
      Patterns of inter-ethnic interaction……………………………………………….. .42
      Ethnic conflicts after Cold War……………………………………………………...44
      2. International dimension of ethnic conflict……………………….46
     
     
     
     
      Ethnic Conflict as a Security Issue…………………………………………………..46
      Third Party Intervention………………………………………………………………48
     
     Chapter Four Kosovo Conflict – Case Study……………………………….…....52
      1. Pre- crises Period………………………………………….……52
     From the First World War to 1945……………………………………….………..52
     From Tito to Milosevic…………………………………………………….………...55
      2. The Crises Period………………………………………….….….61
      Kosovo after 1990……………………………………………………………..………61
      1999: NATO Humanitarian Intervention……………………………….….……….64
      Conflict Resolution …………………………………………………….…….……….72
     
     Chapter Five Kosovo – a moral duty or a security interest?..............................76 1. The right to intervene or the responsibility to protect?................77
      Sovereignty vs. Human Rights- A right to intervene?.......................................77
      A responsibility to protect……………………………...…………………….………80.
      2. Rwanda vs. Kosovo………………………………………….…..84
      Rwanda………………………………………………..…………………………..…….85
      Kosovo – The motivations of NATO for Humanitarian Intervention....…..…….89
     
     
     Chapter Six Conclusion……………………………………………………....99 1. Summary………………………………..……….. ……………99
      2. Findings…………………………………..…………..………..100
      3. Future Research………………………….………..………….102
     
     
      Bibliography ………………………………………………………..…………….104
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530371en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) motivationen_US
dc.title (題名) Humanitarian Intervention in Ethnic Conflict in light of Kosovozh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bookszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abiew, F.K. The Evolution of the Doctrine and Practice of Humanitarian Intervention (Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arend, Anthony C. and Robert J. Beck. International Law and the Use of Force: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm London: Routledge Press, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bouckaert, Peter & Fred Abrahams. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : A Week of Terror in Drenica- Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo. New York : Human Rights Watch, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boyle, Joseph. Natural Law and International Ethics Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, Michael E. Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, Michael E. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brownlie, Ian. International Law and the Use of Force by States Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1963.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bull, Hedley. Intervention in World Politic Oxford : Claredon Press, 1984.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Caballero, José Antonio. La intervención humanitaria en el siglo XIX México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma, 1989.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chesterman, Simon. Just war or Just Peace? : Humanitarian Intervention and International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The American Journal of International Law 83 (April 1989): 406-408.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Varady, Tibo . “Minorities, Majorities, Law, and Ethnicity: Reflections of the Yugoslav Case.” Human Rights Quarterly 19 (1997): 9-54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wedgwood, Ruth, “NATO`s Campaign in Yugoslavia.” The American Journal of International Law 93 (October 1999): 828-834zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, Thomas C. "Triage: Humanitarian Interventions in a New Era.” World Policy Journal (Spring 1994): 62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, Thomas G. “Researching Humanitarian Intervention: Some Lessons.”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal of Peace Research (July 2001): 419-428.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weller, Marc, “The Rambouillet Conference on Kosovo.” International Affairs 75 (April1999): 211-251.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Useful Websiteszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) NATO www.nato.intzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The Stockholm International Peace Institute (SIPRI) ( www.sipri.se)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Daalder, Ivo and Michael O’Hanlon. Winning Ugly: NATO`s War to Save Kosovo. Washington DC: Brooking Institution, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) War-Torn Societies Project, UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) (www.unrisd.org)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) U.S. Institute of Peace (www.usip.org)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aspen Institute (www.aspeninst.org)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) United Nations www.un.org/peacezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) www.googlescholar.comzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donia, Robert and John V.A. Fine. Bosnia and Hercegovina: A Tradition Betrayed London: Hurst and Company, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donnelly, J. International Human Rights Oxford: Westview,1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Durch, W.J & Berry Blechman. Keeping the peace: The UN in the Emerging World Order (Washington DC: Henry Stimson Center, 1992).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Economics. The Balkan Agenda : Security and Regionalism in the New Europe London Defense Studies,1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ericksen, Thomas Hylland. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives London: Pluto, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feste, Karen A. Expanding the Frontiers: Super Power Intervention in the Cold War (Westport CT: Praeger,1992).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Finnemore, Martha Ithace. The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freeman, M.D.A. Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardam, Judith Gail. Humanitarian Law. Brookfield: Dartmouth, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1983.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glennon, Michael J. Limits of Law, Prerogatives of Power: Interventionism After Kosovo Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gordon, D. S. & F. H. Toase. London Aspects of Peacekeeping. Portland: Frank Cass, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gordon, Graham. Ethics and International Relations Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Griffiths, Stephen. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: Threats to European Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Holzgrefe, J.L. and Robert O. Keohane. Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hutchinson, John and Anthony D. Smith. Ethnicity Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Judah, Tim. Kosovo: War and Revenge New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keren, Michael and Donald A Sylvan. International Intervention: Sovereignty versus Responsibility. Portland: F. Cass, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kola, Paulin. The search for a Greater Albanian. London: Hurst & Co, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kosovo : Avoiding Another Balkan War. Athens: Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kumar, Ramakrishna. Humanitarian Intervention in Kosovo as Justified, Executed and Mediated by NATO : Strategic Lessons for Singapore. Singapore: Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lake, David A. The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict : Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lillich, Richard B. Humanitarian Intervention and the United Nations. Charletsville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1973.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lobell, Steven E. & Philip Mauceri . Ethnic Conflict and International Politics: Explaining Diffusion and Escalation. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Malcolm, Noel. A Short History of Kosovo. London: Macmillan, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Martin, Pierre and Mark Brawley. Alliance politics, Kosovo, and NATO`s War: Allied Force or Forced Allies? New York : Palgrave, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McWhinney, Edward. The United Nations and a New World Order for a New Millennium : Self-determination, State Succession, and Humanitarian Intervention. The Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Murphy, Sean D. Humanitarian Intervention: The United Nations in an Evolving World Order. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paterson, Gow J. and A.. Preston, Bosnia by Television British Film Institute, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Qosja, Rexhep. Ceshtja Shqiptare:Historia dhe Politika Tirane:Toena,1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ryan, Stephen. Ethnic Conflict and International Relations, 2nd ed. England; Brookfield: Dartmouth, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scherrer, Christian P. Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Violence: Conflict Management, Human Rights, and Multilateral Regimes, London: Ashgate, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stavenhagen, Rodolfo. The Ethnic Questions Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The Responsibility to Protect : Research, Bibliography, Background : Supplemental Volume to the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Ottawa : International Development Research Centre, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verwey, Wil D. "Humanitarian Intervention under International Law.” Netherlands International Law Review 32 (1985): 357-418.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vickers, Miranda. Between Serb and Albanian: A History of Kosovo New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vuckovic, Gojko. Ethnic Cleavages and Conflict: The Sources of National Cohesion and Disintegration - The case of Yugoslavia. Brookfield: Dortmouth, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wallensteen, Peter and Ramses Amer. International Intervention : New Norms in the Post-Cold War Era? Uppsala: Uppsala University, Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research,1997.zh_TW
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