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題名 電視新聞記者對SNG現場連線專業性認知之研究
作者 張皪元
貢獻者 彭芸
張皪元
關鍵詞 現場連線
新聞專業性
SNG
日期 1999
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 18:47:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 SNG衛星製播作業利用衛星傳輸訊號,克服時間空間障礙,為電視新聞產製過程帶來革命性的轉變。以SNG進行即時新聞傳輸的作法即為俗稱之現場連線,過去文獻關於SNG現場連線對電視新聞影響之探討包括主管決策面的轉變、新聞內容層次的轉變,電視新聞產製流程的轉變、編輯台地位的轉變及記者個人角色的轉變等等。
     本文由新聞專業性的角度切入,探討SNG現場連線後,電視新聞記者在專業性上的轉變為何,研究結果發現電視新聞記者認為SNG現場連線後,最受衝擊的首為新聞專業能力應予提升,其次為新聞專業自主與新聞專業知識在SNG現場連線出現後,更為電視新聞記者強調,最不受重視的則為新聞記者社會責任的提升。在媒介組織對SNG的後勤支援方面,研究發現新聞專業性與記者對媒介組織後勤支援的要求成正比,專業性程度愈高的電視新聞記者,愈期待媒介組織在SNG現場連線時能給予相關的配套措施。
參考文獻 【中文部分】
一、論文
林淳華(1994):《新聞記者自主權之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
高峰榮(1969):《新聞專業化之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
袁乃娟(1986):《電視新聞相關人員的專業態度研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
孫沛芬(1998):《無線電視與衛星新聞頻道記者組織溝通、專業性與工作滿意度關連之比較》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
許瓊文(1998):《SNG衛星直播科技對電視新聞製作流程與內容影響之初探》,國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
陳碧珍(1981):《我國新聞從業人員專業性及其處理新聞之關聯性研究-以報紙國會記者為研究對象》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
陳運璞(1986):《我國電視新聞守門人之研究-以台視晚間新聞為例》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
陶允正(1994):《記者個人屬性、專業意理與如何選擇接近消息來源之相關性探討-以台北市議會記者為例》,私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。
張舒斐(1998):《電視新聞記者專業價值觀之研究》,私立銘傳大學傳播管理所碩士論文。
黃朝義(1997):〈犯罪傳真機?從白曉燕綁架案談犯罪新聞即時報導之法律責任〉,《法律與你》,第110期,112-120頁。
隋安德(1998):〈不要讓SNG變成Super No Good -電視台與媒體老闆難辭其咎〉,《目擊者》,第五期,48-49頁。
張馨方(1998):〈危機新聞,新聞危機-談電視新聞的亂象〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第四九二期,22-25頁。
裘 震(1991):〈美電視網預算水漲船高〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第一二三期。
楊 喬(1998):〈由公車遭挾持事件談SNG現場直播問題〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第四九六期,9-11頁。
詹慶齡(1998):〈SNG應以人為本-在灰色地帶檢討省思與求取進步〉,《目擊者》,第五期,52-53頁。
廣 林(1994):〈SNG考驗記者能力〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第二五八期,16-17頁。
劉俊宏(1998):〈臺灣的SNG氾濫奇蹟-電視新聞的瑣碎膚淺化〉,《目擊者》,第五期,56-57頁。
謝佳珍(1999):〈SNG表現,比深度不必比快速;人道優先,獨家不是唯一價值〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七三期,16-19頁。
台灣新聞記者協會(1999):〈電視新聞出了什麼問題-從何日生事件談起〉,《目擊者》,第十一期,29-34頁。
McQuail , D. (1994). Mass communication, 3th ed, CA: SAGE.
台灣媒體觀察基金會(1999a):〈收視率讓電視新聞墮落嗎?〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五五四期,16-21頁。
台灣媒體觀察基金會(1999b):〈媒體搶攻新聞現場,SNG有功還是有過?〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七二期,23-30頁。
新聞評議會(1999):〈現場直播陳進興伏法,媒體處理方式遭詬病〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七一期,28頁。
行政院新聞局(1999):〈媒體在重大事件中的角色和功能-行政院新聞局如何處理重大災難新聞座談會紀實〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七三期,6-12頁。
【英文部分】
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Johnston, C. B. (1995). Winning the global TV news game, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Kellner, D. (1992). The persian Gulf TV war, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
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MacGregor, B. (1997). Live, direct and biased? Making television news in the satellite age, London: Arnold.
McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: let the citizen beware?, London: Sage.
Morrison, D. E. (1992). Television and the Gulf War, London: JL.
Omachonu, J. O. (1989). Perceptions of ratings among network-affiliated television stations as a function of satellite news capability, Doctoral dissertation, Howard University.
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Stephens, M. (1997). A history of news, Orlando: Harcourt Brace.
Garrison, B. & Salwen, M. (1989). Professional orientations of sports journalists, Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 10:3, pp. 77-84.
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Willis, J. & Willis, D. B. (1993). New directions in media management, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
Wood, W.A. (1967). Electronic journalism, New York : Columbia University Press.
Yoakam, R. D. & Cremer, C. F. (1989). ENG: television news and the new technology, NY: Random House.
Yorke, I. (1995). Television news , MA: Butterworth- Heinemann.
二、 期刊論文
Asp, K. (1980). Mass media as models of opinion and suppliers of information, Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 1, pp. 332-354.
Bass, A. Z. (1969). Refining the gatekeeper concept, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 46, pp. 69-71.
Beam, R. A. (1990). Journalism professionalism as an organizational-level concept, Journalism Monographs,Vol. 121.
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黃雅婷(1999):《電視新聞製播品質管制-ISO9002應用之研究》,國立政治大學廣電所碩士論文。
薛承雄(1988):《媒介支配-解讀台灣的電視新聞》,國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
錢玉芬(1998):《新聞專業性概念結構與觀察指標之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所博士論文。
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二、書籍
阿奈特著,譚天譯(1996):《我從戰場歸來:一位戰地記者的回憶》,台北:麥田。
麥魁爾、溫達爾著,楊志弘、莫季雍譯(1996):《傳播模式》,台北:正中。
孫亞光(1992):《電視轉播實務》,台視資訊中心資料組。
彭芸(1999):《由節目評鑑看電視節目品質標準的建立》,行政院新聞局委託研究計畫。
馬政、劉幼琍(1985):《電視新聞製作與平衡報導》,台北:華視文化。
黃新生(1994):《電視新聞》,台北:遠流。
黃新生(1995):《電視媒介管理》,台北:廣播電視事業發展基金會。
羅文輝(1991):《精確新聞報導》,台北:正中。
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臧國仁編(1994):《新聞學與術的對話》,國立政治大學新聞研究所。
三、期刊
王 美(1998):〈實況轉播公路自殺血腥鏡頭,洛城電視媒體被罵狗血淋頭〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第四九六期,6-8頁。
余佳璋(1998):〈SNG是必要之惡?-新聞界恐怖平衡現象的反思〉,《目擊者》,第五期,54-55頁。
林齊龍(1993):〈歐洲SNG漸漸成氣候〉,《公共電視》,第四十八期,34-37頁。
李巧云譯(1991):〈美新聞界拿了幾分〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第一二三期,12-15頁。
許世明(1997):〈SNG與24小時新聞服務的應用〉,《新聞評議》,第二七○期,26-27頁。
胡元輝(1999):〈電視新聞的那把尺在那裡?〉,《目擊者》,第十一期,35-36頁。
胡幼偉(1999):〈報導震災及陳進興伏法,媒體只見速度不見深度〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七三期,13-15頁。
彭文正(1999)《媒體搶攻新聞現場,SNG有功還是有過》,〈新聞鏡周刊〉,第572期,頁23-30。
孫亞光(1993a):〈SNG帶動新的科技競爭,談衛星對電視新聞的衝擊〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第二四八期,32-40頁。
孫亞光(1993b):〈電視新聞採訪步入衛星時代,三台轉播大用科技戰,兼論SNG運用的利弊得失〉,《新聞鏡週刊》,第二五八期,8-14頁。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
87451012
88
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001715
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 彭芸zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張皪元zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 張皪元zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1999en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 18:47:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 18:47:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 18:47:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2002001715en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36527-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 87451012zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) SNG衛星製播作業利用衛星傳輸訊號,克服時間空間障礙,為電視新聞產製過程帶來革命性的轉變。以SNG進行即時新聞傳輸的作法即為俗稱之現場連線,過去文獻關於SNG現場連線對電視新聞影響之探討包括主管決策面的轉變、新聞內容層次的轉變,電視新聞產製流程的轉變、編輯台地位的轉變及記者個人角色的轉變等等。
     本文由新聞專業性的角度切入,探討SNG現場連線後,電視新聞記者在專業性上的轉變為何,研究結果發現電視新聞記者認為SNG現場連線後,最受衝擊的首為新聞專業能力應予提升,其次為新聞專業自主與新聞專業知識在SNG現場連線出現後,更為電視新聞記者強調,最不受重視的則為新聞記者社會責任的提升。在媒介組織對SNG的後勤支援方面,研究發現新聞專業性與記者對媒介組織後勤支援的要求成正比,專業性程度愈高的電視新聞記者,愈期待媒介組織在SNG現場連線時能給予相關的配套措施。
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001715en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 現場連線zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新聞專業性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) SNGen_US
dc.title (題名) 電視新聞記者對SNG現場連線專業性認知之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【中文部分】zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林淳華(1994):《新聞記者自主權之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 高峰榮(1969):《新聞專業化之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 袁乃娟(1986):《電視新聞相關人員的專業態度研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫沛芬(1998):《無線電視與衛星新聞頻道記者組織溝通、專業性與工作滿意度關連之比較》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許瓊文(1998):《SNG衛星直播科技對電視新聞製作流程與內容影響之初探》,國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳碧珍(1981):《我國新聞從業人員專業性及其處理新聞之關聯性研究-以報紙國會記者為研究對象》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳運璞(1986):《我國電視新聞守門人之研究-以台視晚間新聞為例》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陶允正(1994):《記者個人屬性、專業意理與如何選擇接近消息來源之相關性探討-以台北市議會記者為例》,私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張舒斐(1998):《電視新聞記者專業價值觀之研究》,私立銘傳大學傳播管理所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃朝義(1997):〈犯罪傳真機?從白曉燕綁架案談犯罪新聞即時報導之法律責任〉,《法律與你》,第110期,112-120頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 隋安德(1998):〈不要讓SNG變成Super No Good -電視台與媒體老闆難辭其咎〉,《目擊者》,第五期,48-49頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張馨方(1998):〈危機新聞,新聞危機-談電視新聞的亂象〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第四九二期,22-25頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 裘 震(1991):〈美電視網預算水漲船高〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第一二三期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊 喬(1998):〈由公車遭挾持事件談SNG現場直播問題〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第四九六期,9-11頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 詹慶齡(1998):〈SNG應以人為本-在灰色地帶檢討省思與求取進步〉,《目擊者》,第五期,52-53頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廣 林(1994):〈SNG考驗記者能力〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第二五八期,16-17頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉俊宏(1998):〈臺灣的SNG氾濫奇蹟-電視新聞的瑣碎膚淺化〉,《目擊者》,第五期,56-57頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝佳珍(1999):〈SNG表現,比深度不必比快速;人道優先,獨家不是唯一價值〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七三期,16-19頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台灣新聞記者協會(1999):〈電視新聞出了什麼問題-從何日生事件談起〉,《目擊者》,第十一期,29-34頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McQuail , D. (1994). Mass communication, 3th ed, CA: SAGE.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台灣媒體觀察基金會(1999a):〈收視率讓電視新聞墮落嗎?〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五五四期,16-21頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台灣媒體觀察基金會(1999b):〈媒體搶攻新聞現場,SNG有功還是有過?〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七二期,23-30頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 新聞評議會(1999):〈現場直播陳進興伏法,媒體處理方式遭詬病〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七一期,28頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院新聞局(1999):〈媒體在重大事件中的角色和功能-行政院新聞局如何處理重大災難新聞座談會紀實〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七三期,6-12頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【英文部分】zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barnouw, E. (1970). The image empire: A history of broadcasting in the United States volume Ⅲ from 1953, New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Black, M. (1961). The social theories of Talcott Parsons, NJ: Prentice - Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cullen, J. B. (1978). Structure of Professionalism , NY: Petrocelli.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Denton, JR. , R. E. (1993). The media and the persian Gulf war , Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moore, W. E. (1970). The professions: roles and rules, NY: Russell Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dingwall, R. & Lewis, P. (1983). The sociology of professions: lawyers, doctors and others, London: Macmillan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fang, I. (1985). Television news /radio news, St. Paul , MN: Rada Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freidson, E. (1994). Professionalism reborn: theory, prophecy, and policy, Chicago: Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jarvis, P. (1983). Professional education, London: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnstone, W. C. , Edward J. S. & William W. B. (1976). The News people, Urbana Illinois: University of Illinoi Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnston, C. B. (1995). Winning the global TV news game, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kellner, D. (1992). The persian Gulf TV war, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lieberman, M. (1956). Education as a profession, NJ: Prentice- Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MacGregor, B. (1997). Live, direct and biased? Making television news in the satellite age, London: Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: let the citizen beware?, London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morrison, D. E. (1992). Television and the Gulf War, London: JL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Omachonu, J. O. (1989). Perceptions of ratings among network-affiliated television stations as a function of satellite news capability, Doctoral dissertation, Howard University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pavlik, J. V. (1996). New media technology: cultural and commercial perspectives, Boston: Allyn & Bacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rugg, W. J. (1980). The use and acceptance of electronic news gathering equipment by local television news departments, Doctoral dissertation, University of Mississippi.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schudson, M. (1978). Discovering the news: a social history of American newspapers, New York: Haper Collins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shoemaker, P. J. (1991), Gatekeeping , Newbury Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shoemaker, P.J. & Reese, S. D. (1991), Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content, White Plains, NY: London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stephens, M. (1997). A history of news, Orlando: Harcourt Brace.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Garrison, B. & Salwen, M. (1989). Professional orientations of sports journalists, Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 10:3, pp. 77-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vollmer, H. M. & Mills, O. L. (1966). Professionalization, NJ: Prentice - Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weaver, D. H. & Wilhoit, G. C. (1986). The American journalist: a portrait of U.S. news people and their work, IA: Indiana University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Willis, J. & Willis, D. B. (1993). New directions in media management, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wood, W.A. (1967). Electronic journalism, New York : Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yoakam, R. D. & Cremer, C. F. (1989). ENG: television news and the new technology, NY: Random House.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yorke, I. (1995). Television news , MA: Butterworth- Heinemann.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Asp, K. (1980). Mass media as models of opinion and suppliers of information, Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 1, pp. 332-354.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bass, A. Z. (1969). Refining the gatekeeper concept, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 46, pp. 69-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beam, R. A. (1990). Journalism professionalism as an organizational-level concept, Journalism Monographs,Vol. 121.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hall, R. H. (1968). Professionalization and Bureaucratization, American Sociological Review, Vol. 33, pp. 92-104.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, H. S. & Caper, J. (1984). The elements of identification with an occupation, American Sociological Review, Vol. 21, pp. 341-348.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blumer, H. (1954). What is wrong with social theory, American Sociological Review, Vol. 19, pp. 3-10.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brokaw (1987, March). Defends network mandate, Broadcasting, pp. 172-174.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cleland, G. L. & Ostroff, D. H. (1988). Satellite news gathering and news department opertation, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 65, pp. 946-951.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coldwell, T.(1974). Professionalism and performance among newspaper photographers, Gazette, Vol. 20, pp. 73-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Daley, S. (1986). Satellite wars make networks nervous, Chicago Tribune, Sencion 5, pp.1-5.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dickson, G. (1998). CNN invests in digital SNG, Broadcasting & Cable, Vol. 128: 1, pp. 48-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dingwall, R. (1976). Accomplishing profession, Sociological Review, Vol. 24, pp. 331-349.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Galtung, J. & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The structure of foreign news, journal of Peace Research , Vol. 2, pp. 64-90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harmon, M. (1989). Mr. Gates goes electronic: the what and why in local TV news, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 66, pp. 857-863.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henningham, J. P. (1984). Comparisons between three versions of the professional orientation index, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 62, pp. 302-309.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Idsvoog, K. A. & Hoyt, J. L. (1977). Professinalism and performance of television journalists, Journal of Broadcasting, Vol. 21:1, pp. 97-109.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Koppel, T. (1994, June). Going live, RTNDA Communicator, pp. 16-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lacy, S, Atwater, T. & Powers, A. (1988). Use of satellite technology in local television news, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 65, pp. 925-966.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lattimore, D. L. & Nayman, O. B. (1974). Professionalism of Colorado daily newsmen: A communicator analysis, Gazette, Vol. 20:1, pp. 1-10.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leroy, D. J. (1972-1973). Levels of professionalism in a sample of TV newsmen, Journal of Broadcasting, Vol. 17, pp. 51-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marron, M. B. (1995). Levels of professionalism and professional efficacy among journalists in Ireland, Gazette, Vol. 56, pp. 37-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張碧華(1992):《結構╱個人:影響我國新聞從業人員專業化程度及其對新聞產業工會態度之相關因素研究-以中國時報、自立報系為例》,私立輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McAvoy, K. (1998). Special report: news services, Broadcasting & Cable, Vol. 128:33, pp. 24-34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mcleod, J. M. & Hawley Jr., S. E. (1964). Professionalization among newsmen, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 41, pp. 529-539.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mcleod, J. M. & Rush, R. R. (1969). Professionalization of Latin American and U.S. journalists: part Ⅰ, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 46:3, pp. 583-590.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mcleod, J. M. & Rush, R. R. (1969). Professionalization of Latin American and U.S. Journalists: part Ⅱ, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 46:4, pp. 784-789.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Menanteau-Horta, D. (1967). Professionalism of Journalists in Santiago de Chile, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 44, pp. 715-724.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nayman, O. B. (1974). Professional orientations of journalists: An introduction to communicator analysis studies, Gazette, Vol. 19, pp. 195-212.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nayman, O. B., Atkin, C. K. & O’keefe, G. J. (1973). Journalism as a profession in a developing society: Metropolitan Turkish newsmen, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 50:1, pp. 69-76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pollard, G. (1985),. Professionalism among canadian News workers: A cross media analysis, Gazette, Vol. 36:1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Powers, R. (1982). Now! Live on the action cam: A reporter talking, TV Guide, pp. 19-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenberg, H. (1991, March). TV and te Gulf War, Quill, pp. 17-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊秀娟(1989):《我國新聞從業人員專業化程度之研究-以報紙為例》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosengren , K. Carlesson, M. & Tagerud, Y. (1996). Quality in programming : Views from the North , in Ishikawa (ed.), Quality Assessment of Televison, pp. 1-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ru’otolo, A. C. (1987). Professional orientation among journalist in three Latin American countries, Gazette, Vol. 40:2.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schwartz, S. H. (1978). Inner-directed and Other-directed values of professional journalists, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 55:3.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smith, C. (1984). Newsgathering technology and the content of local television news, Journal of Broadcasting , Vol. 28, pp. 99-102.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smith, C. (1988). News critics , newsworkers and local television news, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 65, pp. 341-346.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smith , C. & Becker, L. B. (1989). The comparison of journalistic values of television reporters and producers, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 66, pp. 793-800.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Soloski, J. (1984). News reporting and professionalism: Some constraints on the reporting of the news, paper presented to the Qualitative Studies Division of AEJMC, FL: Gainesville.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weinthal, D. S. & O’Keefe, G. J. (1974). Professionalization among broadcast newsmen in an urban area, Journal of Broadcasting , Vol. 18, pp. 193-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Windahl, S. & Rosengren, K. E. (1978). Newsmen’s professionlization : some methodological problems, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 55, pp. 466-473.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wright, D. (1976). Professionalism levels of British Columbia’s Broadcast Journalists: A communicator analysis, Gazette, Vol. 22, pp. 38-48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃雅婷(1999):《電視新聞製播品質管制-ISO9002應用之研究》,國立政治大學廣電所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 薛承雄(1988):《媒介支配-解讀台灣的電視新聞》,國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 錢玉芬(1998):《新聞專業性概念結構與觀察指標之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭 蘋(1989):《環境記者的專業意理及影響因素之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 阿奈特著,譚天譯(1996):《我從戰場歸來:一位戰地記者的回憶》,台北:麥田。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 麥魁爾、溫達爾著,楊志弘、莫季雍譯(1996):《傳播模式》,台北:正中。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫亞光(1992):《電視轉播實務》,台視資訊中心資料組。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭芸(1999):《由節目評鑑看電視節目品質標準的建立》,行政院新聞局委託研究計畫。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 馬政、劉幼琍(1985):《電視新聞製作與平衡報導》,台北:華視文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃新生(1994):《電視新聞》,台北:遠流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃新生(1995):《電視媒介管理》,台北:廣播電視事業發展基金會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅文輝(1991):《精確新聞報導》,台北:正中。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅文輝(1998):《新聞人員的專業性:意涵界定與量表建構》,〈傳播研究集刊第二集〉,國立政治大學傳播學院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅文輝(1993):《新聞研究可信度之研究》,國立政治大學新聞研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臧國仁編(1994):《新聞學與術的對話》,國立政治大學新聞研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王 美(1998):〈實況轉播公路自殺血腥鏡頭,洛城電視媒體被罵狗血淋頭〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第四九六期,6-8頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 余佳璋(1998):〈SNG是必要之惡?-新聞界恐怖平衡現象的反思〉,《目擊者》,第五期,54-55頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林齊龍(1993):〈歐洲SNG漸漸成氣候〉,《公共電視》,第四十八期,34-37頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李巧云譯(1991):〈美新聞界拿了幾分〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第一二三期,12-15頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許世明(1997):〈SNG與24小時新聞服務的應用〉,《新聞評議》,第二七○期,26-27頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡元輝(1999):〈電視新聞的那把尺在那裡?〉,《目擊者》,第十一期,35-36頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡幼偉(1999):〈報導震災及陳進興伏法,媒體只見速度不見深度〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第五七三期,13-15頁。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭文正(1999)《媒體搶攻新聞現場,SNG有功還是有過》,〈新聞鏡周刊〉,第572期,頁23-30。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫亞光(1993a):〈SNG帶動新的科技競爭,談衛星對電視新聞的衝擊〉,《新聞鏡周刊》,第二四八期,32-40頁。zh_TW
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