| dc.contributor.advisor | 于卓民<br>司徒達賢 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yu, Chwo-Ming<br>Seetoo, Dah-Hsian | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 邱雅萍 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Chiu, Ya-Ping | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 邱雅萍 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Chiu, Ya-Ping | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2001 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 18-Sep-2009 18:50:03 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 18-Sep-2009 18:50:03 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 18-Sep-2009 18:50:03 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | B2002000016 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36548 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 博士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 企業管理研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 86355501 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 90 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 知識經濟時代的來臨，宣告著掌握知識是關鍵的策略能力，尤其是多國企業的全球競爭優勢建立，其知識和創新的來源及運用均不再侷限於國界之內，故子公司之知識來源成為學術界與實務界相當重視的議題。本研究目的在於發展多國企業子公司知識來源型態分類架構，建立知識來源型態影響因素之理論模型，並進行實證。本研究提出「知識來源決策階層模式」，認為進行知識取得決策時，管理者的決策思考能力有限的情況下，此一決策應為階層模式。就多國企業子公司而言，知識來源決策第一階層應為「母公司集團」及「非母公司集團」型態二者之考量，其中「非母公司集團」型態下的第二階層則為「自行發展」及「策略聯盟」之決策。此外，每一階層考量的因素並不相同，此模式可以提供管理者更明確的影響因素藍圖，在資訊過多與複雜的情境下，釐清各因素的影響階層，有助管理者的決策思考。經由文獻探討，從多國企業相關理論、交易成本理論、資源基礎理論與社會網絡概念，探討與知識來源型態的關係，並透過個案訪談分析，建立研究實證架構。本研究提出，子公司知識來源傾向來自「母公司集團」或「非母公司集團」型態之主要影響因素，包括子公司知識環境與知識專屬性，而子公司知識環境與知識來源型態之間的關係，會受到子公司資源因素與母公司組織系絡因素之調節影響。另外，在非母公司集團之知識來源中，子公司因素與知識不確定性會影響子公司傾向採取「自行發展」或「策略聯盟」型態。假說驗證方面，本研究以製造業之多國企業在台子公司為研究對象，分析單位為知識。經由問卷調查，共計回收234個有效知識樣本。資料分析方法上，同時採用邏吉斯迴歸與一般迴歸二個方法進行分析，強化實證結果之穩健性。結果發現外商在台子公司知識來源型態的特色為：（1）多國企業所有權優勢愈大，愈傾向於母公司集團型態；（2）地主國區位優勢愈大，愈傾向於非母公司集團型態；（3）知識區位專屬性愈高，愈傾向於非母公司集團型態；（4）母公司集權控制程度、子公司高階團隊社會資本會對多國企業所有權優勢、全球策略與地主國區位優勢和子公司知識來源型態間的關係造成影響；（5）子公司資源愈豐富，愈傾向於自行發展型態；（6）知識不確定性愈大，愈傾向於策略聯盟型態。綜合實證結果，本研究提出之知識來源型態影響因素理論架構，對子公司知識來源型態具有良好的解釋能力。在理論方面，本研究提出適於多國企業子公司的知識來源型態分類架構，並且證實知識來源決策階層模式的觀點；在實務方面，本研究可提供子公司知識來源決策之考量因素，以及母公司調整其全球策略、管理制度設計及定位子公司角色之參考依據。第一章 緒論……………………………………………… 1 第一節 研究背景與研究動機………………………… 3 第二節 研究問題與研究目的………………………… 8 第三節 研究範圍與研究限制………………………… 11 第四節 相關名詞說明………………………………… 14 第五節 研究程序……………………………………… 19第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………… 23 第一節 知識的意義與內涵………………………………… 23 第二節 知識來源型態之分類架構………………………… 28 第三節 子公司知識環境與知識來源型態……………… 33 第四節 母公司因素與知識來源型態……………………… 41 第五節 子公司因素與知識來源型態……………………… 50 第六節 知識特性與知識來源型態………………………… 64 第七節 文獻探討與初步研究架構………………………… 70第三章 個案分析………………………………………… 73 第一節 個案研究方法………………………………… 73 第二節 個案說明……………………………………… 75 第三節 個案比較分析………………………………… 93第四章 研究設計………………………………………… 96 第一節 研究架構的建立……………………………… 96 第二節 研究假設……………………………………… 102 第三節 研究變項定義與問卷設計…………………… 122 第四節 研究樣本與資料蒐集………………………… 131 第五節 資料分析方法………………………………… 134第五章 實證研究結果…………………………………… 139 第一節 樣本描述……………………………………… 139 第二節 問卷之信度與效度…………………………… 150 第三節 子公司知識來自母公司集團或非母公司集團 的影響因素分析……………………………… 156 第四節 影響子公司知識來自自行發展或策略聯盟的 因素分析……………………………………… 175 第五節 其他相關因素之影響………………………… 181第六章 結論與建議……………………………………… 190 第一節 研究結論……………………………………… 190 第二節 理論與實務涵意……………………………… 203 第二節 後續研究建議………………………………… 210參考文獻…………………………………………………… 216 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | By coming of the knowledge age, to acquire knowledge is a key capability. A potentially important source of competitive advantage for multinational firms is the capacity of their foreign subsidiaries to generate knowledge and innovations based on stimuli and resources resident in the heterogeneous host country environments in which they operate. In this sense, sources of knowledge of subsidiaries become an important issue. The purposes of this research are to identify the influential factors in the choice of knowledge-sourcing mode and proceed empirical tests.The research develops a hierarchical model of knowledge-sourcing decision and argues that managers have a limited analytical capacity when making complex decision. Mode of knowledge-sourcing decision for MNCs’ subsidiaries can be first classified as MNC-based and nonMNC-based. At the next level of hierarchy, nonMNC-based modes are further split into internal development and strategic alliances. Moreover, there are factors that influence the choice at first level, and that all of these factors do not influence the choice at the second level of the hierarchy. This model can provide a more precise picture of what affects the choice of knowledge-sourcing modes under the information overload and the complexity of the choice decision.By reviewing literatures on the theory of MNCs, transaction cost economics, resource-based view and the theory of social network, and integrating the result of case analysis, we develop the research framework. We argue that both subsidiary knowledge environment and knowledge specificity are the main factors affecting knowledge-sourcing mode likely to MNC-based or nonMNC-based sources. There are moderators, resource factors. and organizational context factors, affecting the front relationship. Furthermore, subsidiary factors and knowledge uncertainty affect knowledge-sourcing mode likely to internal development or strategic alliances.The empirical samples were MNCs’ subsidiaries in Taiwan. The unit of analysis was an item of knowledge. By questionnaire survey, the total number of samples is 234. We apply two analysis methods, including the logistic regression and the regression analysis, to make sure the robustness of our results. The empirical results reveal six findings: (1)Strong ownership advantages will promote subsidiary to adopt the MNC-based mode; (2)strong location advantages of the host country will promote subsidiary to adopt the nonMNC-based mode; (3)high location specificity of knowledge will promote subsidiary to adopt the nonMNC-based mode; (4)the extent of headquarter control and social capital of subsidiary managers are moderators affecting the relationship between ownership advantages, the global strategy, location advantages separately and the knowledge-sourcing mode; (5)rich subsidiary resources will promote subsidiary to adopt the internal development mode; (6)high uncertainty of knowledge will promote subsidiary to adopt the strategic alliance mode.To conclude, the theoretical model possesses a high explanatory power in associating the determinants and the choice of mode. The study has two key contributions. First, it provides a knowledge-sourcing typology that is suitable for MNCs’ subsidiaries. In addition, the results provide supportive evidence for the hierarchical model of knowledge source. Second, for managers, our study shows that there are many factors that affect the adoption of knowledge-sourcing mode and provide a guideline for headquarter managers to adjust their global strategy, design the control system and position their subsidiaries. | en_US |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002000016 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 知識來源 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 影響因素 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 知識管理 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 社會資本 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 子公司 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | knowledge source | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | influential factors | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | knowledge management | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | social capital | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | subsidiary | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 多國企業在臺子公司知識來源型態影響因素之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | Sourcing of Knowledge－The Cases of MNCs’ Subsidiaries in Taiwan | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中文部分 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 方世杰（1996），「企業技術交易模式影響因素之探討」，國立台灣大學商學研究所未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 方世杰（1998），「技術取得模式影響因素之研究—電子業與食品業之實證分析」，中山管理評論，第六卷，第一期，頁139-168。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 司徒達賢（2001），策略管理新論：觀念架構與分析方法，智勝出版社，台北。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 司徒達賢（2001），「從企業管理知識內涵與結構談企管知識之傳習方法」，第十屆中華民國管理教育會議（專題演講），國立雲林科技大學。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 司徒達賢、于卓民、曾紀幸（1997），「環境特性與公司特性對多國籍企業網路關係之影響－在台外商公司之實證研究」，管理學報，第十四卷，第二期，頁155-176。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 司徒達賢、林晉寬（1998），「台灣優勢廠商之資源管理模式」，管理學報，第十五卷，第二期，頁255-270。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳思華（1996），策略九說：策略思考的本質，麥田出版公司，台北。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳思華（1998），「知識流通對產業創新的影響」，第七屆產業管理研討會論文集，國立政治大學，頁1-42。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李宛蓉譯（1990），Bartlett, C. A. & S. Ghoshal著（1989），無國界管理，遠流出版社，台北。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李國瑜（2001），「知識移轉的整合模式－知識特性、吸收能力與社會資本」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李韶洋（1994），「從網路觀點探討多國籍企業之內部控制機制—台灣企業大陸投資之管理」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 佘日新、梁家隆、陳厚銘（2000），「廠商如何經由國外夥伴之技術合作提升企業技術能力—以台灣資訊電子廠商為例」，管理學報，第十七卷，第二期，頁297-319。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林容如（1996），「選擇國際合作方式之決定因素研究—以外商進入台灣市場的汽機車、資訊電子業合作案為例」，國立台灣大學商學研究所未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 夏侯欣鵬（2000），「權力與信任對組織內知識分享意願影響之研究－以銀行放款部門主管為例」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 莊正民、方世杰（2001），「企業跨國技術引進模式、影響因素與學習績效關係之研究—交易成本與知識基礎理論之觀點」，管理評論，第二十卷，第一期，頁35-64。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 彭玉樹（2000），「台商對外投資時機之研究—以資訊電子、紡織、製鞋業為例」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾紀幸（1996），「多國籍企業在台子公司網路組織型態及其母公司管理機制選擇之關係」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾紀幸、司徒達賢、于卓民（1998），「多國籍企業網路組織類型與管理機制選擇之關係－在台外商公司之產品交易實證研究」，管理學報，第十五卷，第一期，頁1-26。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張苙雲、譚康榮（1999），「形構產業網路」，網路台灣：企業的人情關係與經濟理性（張苙雲主編），台灣產業研究期刊，第一期，頁17-64。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 雷漢聲（1998），「影響地主國事業與原母國事業之相對垂直整合程度變化因素之探討—台商大陸投資之實證」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 蔡渭水、楊仲偉（2000），「台商自大陸技術移轉模式之研究」，管理評論，第十九卷，第二期，頁113-137。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 熊欣華（2001），「組織間合作的信心管理」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 英文部分 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Allenby, G.（2001）, “Regression with Correlated Variables（Multicollinearity）,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10（2）, 110-111. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Almeida, Paul & Bruce Kogut（1999）, “Localization of Knowledge and the Mobility of Engineers in Regional Networks,” Management Science, 45（7）, 905-917. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Alvesson, Mats（1992）, “Leadership as a Social Integrative Action: A Study of a Computer Consultancy Company,” Organization Studies, 13（2）, 185-209. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Anderson, Erin & Hubert Gatignon（1986）, “Modes of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost Analysis and Proposition,” Journal of International Business Studies, 17（3）, 1-26. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Andersson, Ulf & Cecilia Pahlberg（1997）, “Subsidiary Influence on Strategic Behaviour in MNCs: An Empirical Study,” International Business Review, 6（3）, 319-334. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Badaracco, Joseph（1991）, The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete through Strategic Alliances, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barney, Jay B.（1986）, “Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy,” Management Science, 32（10）, 1231-1241. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barney, Jay B.（1991）, “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, 17（1）, 99-120. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barr, Abigail（2000）, “Social Capitial and Technical Information Flows in the Ghanaian Manufacturing Sector,” Oxford Economic Papers, 52（3）, 539-559. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bartlett, Christopher A. & Sumantra Ghoshal（1986）, “Tap Your Subsidiaries for Global Reach,” Harvard Business Review, 64（6）, 87-94. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bartlett, Christopher A. & Sumantra Ghoshal（1988）, “Organizing for Worldwide Effectiveness: The Transnational Solution,” California Management Review, 31（1）, 54-74. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bartlett, Christopher A. & Sumantra Ghoshal（1989）, Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Baliga, B.Ram & Alfred M. Jaeger（1984）, “Multinational Corporations: Control Systems and Delegation Issues,” Journal of International Business Studies, 15（2）, 25-40. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Beam, Henry H.（1998）, “The Infinite Resource: Creating and Leading the Knowledge Enterprise,” The Academy of Management Executive, 12（3）, 87-88. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Birkinshaw, Julian（1993）, “Balancing the Global Portfolio,” Business Quarterly, 57（4）, 40-49. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Birkinshaw, Julian（1997）, “Entrepreneurship in Multinational Corporations: The Characteristics of Subsidiary Initiatives,” Strategic Management Journal, 18（3）, 207-229. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Birkinshaw, Julian（1999）, “The Determinants and Consequences of Subsidiary Initiative in Multinational Corporations,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24（1）, 9-36. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Birkinshaw, Julian & Neil Hood（1998）, “Multinational Subsidiary Evolution: Capability and Charter Change in Foreign-Owned Subsidiary Companies,” Academy of Management Review, 23（4）, 773-795. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Birkinshaw, Julian & Neil Hood（2000）, “Characteristics of Foreign Subsidiaries in Industry Clusters,” Journal of International Business Studies, 31（1）, 141-154. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Buckley, Peter J. & Mark C. Casson（1976）, The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Burt, Ronald S.（1992）, “The Social Structure of Competition,” in N. Nohria & R.G. Eccles(eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action, 57-91, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Burt, Ronald S., Robin M. Hogarth & Claude Michaud（2000）, “The Social Capital of French and American Managers,” Organization Science, 11（2）, 123-147. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cantwell, John（1991）, “The Theory of Technological Competence and its Application to International Production,” in D. G. McFetridge（ed.）, Foreign Investment, Technology and Economic Growth, 33-70, Calgary: University of Calgary Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Carayannis, E. G., J. Alexander & A. Ioannidis（2000）, “Leveraging Knowledge, Learning, and Innovation in Forming Strategic Government-University-Industry（GUI） R&D Partnerships in the US, Germany, and France,” Technovation, 20（9）, 477-488. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Caves, Richard E.（1971）, “International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Direct Investment,” Economica, 38（1）, 1-27. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chandler, Alfred D.（1992）, “Organizational Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 6（3）, 79-100. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chiesa, Vittorio & Raffaella Manzini（1996）, “Managing Knowledge Transfer within Multinational Firms,” International Journal of Technology Management, 12（4）, 462-487. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cho, Dae-Hyun & Pyung-Il Yu（2000）, “Influential Factors in the Choice of Technology Acquisition Mode: An Empirical Analysis of Small and Medium Size Firms in the Korean Telecmmunication Industry,” Technovation, 20（12）, 691-704. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Choi, Sang-Rim, Adrian E. Tschoegl & Chwo-Ming Yu（1986）, “Banks and the World’s Major Financial Centers, 1970-1980,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Bd. CXXⅡ, 48-64. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chung, Seungwha, Harbir Singh & Kyungmook Lee（2000）, “Complementarity, Status Similarity and Social Capital as Drivers of Alliance Formation,” Strategic Management Journal, 21（1）, 1-22. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Churchill, G.A.（1979）, “A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs,” Journal of Marketing Research, 16（1）, 64-73. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cohen, Wesley M. & Daniel A. Levinthal（1990）, “Absorptive Capibility: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation,” Administrative Science Quartterly, 35（1）, 128-152. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Combs, James G. & David J. Ketchen Jr.（1999）, “Explaining Interfirm Cooperation and Performance: Toward a Reconciliation of Predictions from the Resource-Based View and Organizational Economics,” Strategic Management Journal, 20（9）, 867-888. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Contractor, Farok J. & Sumit K. Kundu（1998）, “Modal Choice in a World of Alliances: Analyzing Organizational Forms in the International Hotel Sector,” Journal of International Business Studies, 29（2）, 325-357. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cyert, Richard M., Praveen Kumar & J.R.Williams（1993）, “Information, Market Imperfections and Strategy,” Strategic Management Journal, 14（Special Issue）, 47-58. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Davenport, Tom & Larry Prusak（1998）, “Working Knowledge,” Executive Excellence, 15（9）, 10. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Delany, Ed（2000）, “Strategic Development of the Multinational Subsidiary through Subsidiary Initiative-Taking,” Long Range Planning, 33（2）, 220-244. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dosi, G.（1988）, “Sources, Procedures and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation,” Journal of Economic Literature, 26（3）, 1120-1171. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Doz, Yves L. & C.K. Prahalad（1981）, “Headquarters Influence and Strategic Control in MNCs,” Sloan Management Review, 23（1）, 15-29. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Doz, Yves L. & C.K. Prahalad（1984）, “Patterns of Strategic Control within Multinational Corporations,” Journal of International Business Studies, 15（2）, 55-72. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dunning, John H.（1977）, “Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the Multinational Enterprise: A Search for an Eclectic Approach,” in B. Ohlin, P. O. Hesselbom & P.J. Wiskman（eds.）, The International Allocation of Economic Activity, London: Macmillan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dunning, John H.（1981）, International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, London: Allen and Unwin. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dunning, John H.（1988）, “The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extension,” Journal of International Business Studies, 19（1）, 1-31. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dunning, John H.（1988）, Explaining International Production, Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duysters, Geert & John Hagedoom（2000）, “Core Competences and Company Performance in the World-wide Computer Industry,” Journal of High Technology Management Research, 11（1）, 75-91. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dyer, Jeffery H. & Harbir Singh（1998）, “The Relational View: Cooperative, Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Review, 23（4）, 660-679. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ebers, Mark（1997）, “Explaining Inter-Organizational Network Formation,”in Mark Ebers(ed.), The Formation of Inter-Organizational Networks, New York: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Edvinsson, Leif（1996）, “Developing A Model for Managing Intellectual Capital,” European Management Journal, 14（4）, 356-364. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Egelhoff, William G.（1984）, “Patterns of Control in U.S., UK, and European Multinational Corporations,” Journal of International Business Studies, 15（2）, 73-83. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Egelhoff, William G.（1988）, “Strategy and Structure in Multinational Corporations: A Revision of the Stopford and Wells Model,” Strategy Management Journal, 9（1）, 1-14. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Egelhoff, William G., Liam Gorman & Stephen McCormick（1988）, “Using Technology as a Path to Subsidiary Development,” in Julian Birkinshaw & Neil Hood（eds.）, Multinational Corporate Evolution and Subsidiary Development, New York: St. Martin’s Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Florida, Richard（1997）, “The Globalization of R&D: Results of A Survey of Foreign-Affiliated R&D Laboratories in the USA,” Research Policy, 26（1）, 85-103. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ford, David & David Farmer（1986）, “Make or Buy: A Key Strategic Issue,” Long Range Planning, 19（5）, 54-62. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Forsgren, M. & C. Pahlberg（1992）, “Subsidiary Influence and Autonomy in International Firms,” Scandinavian International Business Review, 1（3）, 41-51. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Frost, Tony S.（2001）, “The Geographic Sources of Foreign Subsidiaries` Innovations,” Strategic Management Journal, 22（2）, 101-123. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fukuyama, F.（1995）, Trust: Social Virtues and the Creation of Properity, London: Hamish Hamilton. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gates, Stephen R. & William G. Egelhoff（1986）, “Centralization in Headquarters－Subsidiary Relationships,” Journal of International Business Studies, 17（2）, 71-92. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ghoshal, Sumantra & Christopher A. Bartlett（1988）, “Creation, Adoption, and Diffusion of Innovations by Subsidiary,” Journal of International Business Studies, 19（3）, 365-388. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ghoshal, Sumantra & Nitin Nohria（1989）, “Internal Differentiation within Multinational Corporations,” Strategic Management Journal, 10（4）, 323-337. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ghoshal, Sumantra & Nitin Nohria（1993）, “Horses for Courses: Organizational Forms for Multinational Corporations,” Sloan Management Review, 34（2）, 23-45. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ghoshal, Sumantra & Peter Moran（1996）, “Bad for Practice: A Critique of the Transaction Cost Theory,” Academy Management Review, 21（1）, 13-47. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gilbert, Myrna & Martyn Cordey-Hayes（1996）, “Understanding the Process of Knowledge Transfer to Achieve Successful Technological Innovation,” Technovation, 16（6）, 301-312. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grant, Robert M.（1991）, “The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation,” California Management Review, 33（3）, 114-135. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grant, Robert M.（1996）, “Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Form,” Strategic Management Journal, 17（Special Issue）, 109-122. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grant, Robert M. & C. Baden-Fuller（1995）, “A Knowledge-Based Theory of Inter-Firm Collaboration,” Academy of Management Journal, Best Paper Proceedings, 17-21. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gulati, Ranjay（1998）, “Alliances and Networks,” Strategic Management Journal, 19（4）, 293-317. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gupta, Anil K. & Vijay Govindarajan（1991）, “Knowledge Flows and the Structure of Control within Multinational Corporations,” Academy Management Review, 16（4）, 768-792. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gupta, Anil K. & Vijay Govindarajan （1994）, “Organizing for Knowledge within MNC’s,” International Business Review, 3（4）, 443-457. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gupta, Anil K. & Vijay Govindarajan （2000）, “Knowledge Flows within Multinational Corporations,” Strategic Management Journal, 21（4）, 473-496. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hair, J.F., R.E. Anderson, R.L. Tatham, & W.C. Black（1995）, Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, New York: Macmillan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hakanson, Lars & Robert Nobel（1993）, “Determinants of Foreign R&D in Swedish Multinationals,” Research Policy, 22（5,6）, 397-411. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Harrigan, Kathryn Rudie（1988）, “Joint Ventures and Competitive Strategy,” Strategic Management Journal, 9（2）, 141-158. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hedlund, Gunnar（1986）, “The Hypermordern MNC－A Heterarchy,” Human Resource Management, 25（1）, 9-35. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hennart, Jean-Francois（1989）, “Can the New Forms of Investment Substitute for the Old Forms? A Transaction Costs Perspective,” Journal of International Business Studies, 20（2）, 211-233. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hennart, Jean-Francois（1991）, “The Transaction Cost Theory of the Multinational Enterprise,” in C. Pitelis & R. Sugden（eds.）, The Nature of the Transnational Firm, 81-115, London: Routledge. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hennart, Jean-Francois & Young-Ryeol Park（1993）, “Greenfield vs. Acquisition: The Strategy of Japanese Investors in the United States,” Management Science, 39（9）, 1054-1070. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hobday, Michael（1993）, Innovation in East Asia: The Challenge to Japan, Aldershot, Hants, England: Edward Elgar. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hymer, Stephen（1976）, The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jacobs, J.（1965）, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, London: Penguin Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jarillo, J. Carlos & Jon I. Martinez（1990）, “Different Roles for Subsidiaries: The Case of Multinational Corporations in Spain,” Strategic Management Journal, 11（7）, 501-512. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Johanson, Jan & Jan-Erik Vahlne（1977）, “The Internationalization Process of the Firm－A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments,” Journal of International Business Studies, 8（1）, 23-32. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kale, Prashant, Harbir Singh & Howard Perlmutter（2000）, “Learning and Protection of Proprietary Assets in Strategic Alliances: Building Relational Capital,” Strategic Management Journal, 21（3）, 217-237. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kennedy, Peter（1998）, A Guide to Economics, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kindleberger, Clarles Poor（1969）, American Business Abroad: Six Lectures on Direct Investment, New Haven: Yale University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kogut, Bruce（1988）, “Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives,” Strategic Management Journal, 9（4）, 319-332. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kogut, Bruce & S. J. Chang（1991）, “Technological Capability and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in the United States,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 73（3）, 401-413. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kogut, Bruce & Udo Zander（1993）, “Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Corporation,” Journal of International Business Studies, 24（4）, 625-645. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kojima（1982）, “Macroeconomic Versus International Business Approach to Direct Foreign Investment,” Hitotsubashi Journal of economics, 23, 1-19. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kuemmerle, Walter（1999）, “The Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment into Research and Development: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of International Business Studies, 30（1）, 1-24. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kumar, Sanjiv & Anju Seth（1998）, “The Design of Coordination and Control Mechanisms for Managing Joint Venture-Parent Relationships,” Strategic Management Journal, 19（6）, 579-599. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kumar, V. & Velavan Subramaniam（1997）, “A Contingency Framework for the Mode of Entry Decision,” Journal of World Business, 32（1）, 53-72. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Leonard-Barton, Dorothy（1995）, Wellsprings of Knowledge, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lincoln, James R., Mitsuyo Hanada & Kerry McBride（1986）, “Organizational Structures in Japanese and U.S. Manufacturing,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 31（3）, 338-364. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lyles, Marlorie A. & Jane E. Salk（1996）, “Knowledge Acquisition from Foreign Parents in International Joint Venture: An Empirical Examination in the Hungarian Context,” Journal of International Business studies, 27（5）, 877-903. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Madhok, Anoop（1997）, “Cost, Value and Foreign Market Entry Mode: The Transaction and the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 18（1）, 39-61. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Magee, Stephen P.（1977）, “Information and the Multinational Corporation: An Appropriability Theory of Direct Foreign Investment,” in J. N. Bhagwati（ed.）, The New International Economic Order, 317-340, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Martinez, J.I. & J. Carlos Jarillo（1991）, “Coordination Demands of International Strategies,” Journal of International Business studies, 22（3）, 429-444. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Moore, Karl J.（2001）, “A Strategy for Subsidiaries: Centres of Excellences to Build Subsidiary Specific Advantage,” Management International Review, 41（3）, 275-290. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mowery, David C., Joanne E. Oxley & Brian S. Silverman（1996）, “Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer,” Strategic Management Journal, 17（Special Issue）, 77-91. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nachum, Lilach（2000）, “Economic Geography and the Location of TNCs: Financial and Professional Service FDI to the USA,” Journal of International Business Studies, 31（3）, 367-385. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nahapiet, J. & S. Ghoshal（1998）, “Social Capitial, Intellectual Capital, and the Organization Advantage,” Academy of Management Review, 23（2）, 242-266. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Niosi, Jorge（1999）, “The Internationalization of Industrial R&D from Technology Transfer to the Learning Organization,” Research Policy, 28（2,3）, 107-117. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nonaka, Ikujiro（1994）, “A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation,” Organization Science, 5（1）, 14-37. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nooteboom, B.（1992）, “Information Technology, Transaction Costs and the Decision to ‘Make or Buy,” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 4（4）, 339-350. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Normann, Richard & Rafael Ramirez（1993）, “From Value Chain to Value Constellation: Designing Interactive Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, 71（4）, 65-77. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | O’Donnell, Sharon Watson（2000）, “Managing Foreign Subsidiaries: Agents of Headquarters or an Interdependent Network?,” Strategic Management Journal, 21（5）, 525-548. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pan, Yigang & David K. Tse（2000）, “The Hierarchical Model of Market Entry Modes,” Journal of International Business Studies, 31（4）, 535-554. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pearce, Robert D.（1999）, “Decentralised R&D and Strategic Competitiveness: Globalised Approaches to Generation and Use of Technology in Multinational Enterprises(MNEs),” Research Policy, 28（2,3）, 157-178 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Perlmutter, H. V.（1969）, “The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation,” Columbia Journal of World Business, 4（1）, 9-18. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Peteraf, Margaret A.（1993）, “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View,” Strategic Management Journal, 14（3）, 179-191. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pisano, G. P.（1990）, “The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 35（1）, 153-176. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pisano, G. P.（1991）, “The Governance of Innovation: Vertical Integration and Collaborative Arrangements in the Biotechnology Industry,” Research Policy, 20（3）, 237-249. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Porter, Michel E.（1986）, “Changing Pattern of International Competition,” California Management Review, 28（2）, 9-40. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Porter, Michel E.（1991）, “Towards A Dynamic Theory of Strategy,” Strategic Management Journal, 12（6）, 95-117. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Porter, Michel E.（1998）, “Clusters and the New Economics of Competition,” Harvard Business Review, 76（6）, 77-90. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Poppo, Laura & Todd Zenger（1998）, “Testing Alternative Theories of the Firm: Transaction Cost, Knowledge-Based, and Measurement Explanations for Make-or-Buy Decisions in Information Services,” Strategic Management Journal, 19（9）, 853-877. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Prahalad, C. K. & Yves L. Doz（1981）, “An Approach to Strategic Control in MNCs,” Sloan Management Review, 22（4）, 5-13. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Prahalad, C.K. & Yves L. Doz（1987）, The Multinational Mission－Balancing Local Demands and Global Vision, New York:The Free Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Purser, R.E. & Pasmore, W.A.（1992）, “Organizing for Learning,” in William A. Pasmore & Richard W. Woodman（eds.）, Research in Organizational Change and Development, 37-114, London: JAI Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Reed, R. & R. J. DeFillippi（1990）, “Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Review, 15（1）, 88-102. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Robertson, Paul L.& R.N.Langlois（1995）, “Innovation, Networks, and Vertical Integration,” Research Policy, 24（4）, 543-562. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Robertson, Thomas S. & Hubert Gatignon（1998）, “Technology Development Mode: A Transaction Cost Conceptualization,” Strategic Management Journal, 19（6）, 515-531. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roth, Kendall（1992）, “International Configuration and Coordination Archetypes for Medium-sized Firms in Global Industries,” Journal of International Business Studies, 23（3）, 533-549. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roth, Kendall & Allen J. Morrison（1990）, “An Empirical Analysis of the Integration-Responsiveness Framework in Global Industries,” Journal of International Business Studies, 21（4）, 541-564. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roth, Kendall & Allen J. Morrison（1992）, “Implementing Global Strategy: Characteristics of Global Subsidiary Mandates,” Journal of International Business Studies, 23（4）, 715-735. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roth, Kendall, David M. Schweiger & Allen J. Morrison（1991）, “Global Strategy Implementation at the Business Unit Level: Operational Capabilities and Administrative Mechanisms,” Journal of International Business Studies, 22（3）, 369-402. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rugman, Alan M. & Alain Verbeke（1992）, “A Note on the Tramsational Solution and the Transaction Cost Theory of Multinational Strategic Management,” Journal of International Business Studies, 23（4）, 761-772. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rugman, Alan M. & Alain Verbeke（2001）, “Subsidiary-Specific Advantages in Multinational Enterprises,” Strategic Management Journal, 22（2）, 237-250. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schrader, Stephan（1991）, “Informal Technology Transfer Between Firms: Cooperation through Information Trading,” Research Policy, 20（2）, 153-170. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Shenkar, Oded & Jiatao Li（1999）, “Knowledge Search in International Cooperative Ventures,” Organization Science, 10（2）, 134-143. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spender, J.-C.（1996）, “Making Knowledge the Basis of a Dynamic Theory of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 17（Special Issue）, 45-62. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stafford, R. E.（1994）, “Using Co-Operative Strategies to Make Alliance Work,” Long Range Planning, 27（3）, 64-74. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Starbuck, William H.（1993）, “Keeping a Butterfly and Elephant in a House of Cards: The Elements of Exceptional Success, The Journal of Management Studies, 30（6）, 885-922. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Steensma, H. Kevin & Kevin G. Corley（2000）, “On the Performance of Technology-Sourcing Partnerships: The Interaction between Partner Interdependence and Technology Attributes,” Academy of Management Journal, 43（6）, 1045-1067. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stopford, J. M. & L. T. Wells（1972）, Managing the Multinational Enterprise: Organizations of the Firm and Ownership of the Subsidiaries, New York: Basic Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Subramaniam, Mohan & N. Venkatraman（2001）, “Determinants of Transnational New Product Development Capability: Testing the Influence of Transferring and Deploying Tacit Oversea Knowledge,” Strategic Management Journal, 22（4）, 359-378. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Szulanski, G.（1996）, “Exploring Internal Stickiness: Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 17（Special Issue）, 27-44. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Taggart, James H.（1998）, “Strategy and Control in the Multinational Corporation: Too Many Recipes?,” Long Range Planning, 31（4）, 571-585. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tallman, Stephen B. & Oded Shenkar（1994）, “A Managerial Decision Model of International Cooperative Venture Formation,” Journal of International Business Studies, 25（1）, 91-113. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teece, David J.（1986）, “Transactions Cost Economics and the Multinational Enterprise: An Assessment,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 7（1）, 21-45. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teece, David J.（1992）, “Competition, Cooperation, and Innovation: Organizational Arrangements for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress,” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 18（1）, 1-25. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tosi, H. L. & J. W. Slocum（1984）, “Contingency Theory: Some Suggested Directions,” Journal of Management, 10（1）, 9-26. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tsai, Wenpin（2000）, “Social Capital, Strategic Relatedness and the Formation of Intraorganizational Linkages,” Strategic Management Journal, 21（9）, 925-939. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tsai, Wenpin & Sumantra Ghoshal（1998）, “Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Interfirm Networks,” Academy of Management Journal, 41（4）, 464-476. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tsang, Eric W.K.（2000）, “Transaction Cost and Resource-Based Explanations of Joint Ventures: A Comparison and Synthesis,” Organization Studies, 21（1）, 215-242. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Uzzi, B.（1997）, “Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Network: The Paradox of Embeddedness,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42（1）, 35-67. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Venkatraman, N.（1989）, “The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: Toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence,” Academy of Management Review, 14（3）, 423-444. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Vernon, Raymond（1966）, “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Life Cycle,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, May, 190-207. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Verspagen, Bart（1999）, “Large Firms and Knowledge Flows in the Dutch R&D System: A Case Study of Philips Electronics,” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 11（2）, 211-233. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wernerfelt, B.（1984）, “A Resource-Based View of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 5（2）, 171-180. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Williamson, Oliver E.（1985）, The Economic Institution of Capitalism, New York: Free Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Williamson, Oliver E.（1991）, “Strategizing Economizing, and Economic Organization,” Strategic Management Journal, 12（Special Issue）, 75-94. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yeh, Ryh-Song（1991）, “Management Practices of Taiwanese Firms: As Compared to those of American and Japanese Subsidiaries in Taiwan,” Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 8（1）, 1-14. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zand, D.E.（1981）, Information, Organization, and Power-Effective Management in the Knowledge Society, New York: McGraw-Hill. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zander, Ivo（1999）, “How Do You Mean ‘Global’? An Empirical Investigation of Innovation Networks in the Multinational Corporation,” Research Policy, 28（2,3）, 195-213 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhu, Weimo（1997）, “Making Bootstrap Statistical Inferences: A Tutorial,” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68（1）, 44-55. | zh_TW |
