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題名 Research on New Product Development Process
作者 謝政儒
Cheng-Ju Hsieh
貢獻者 郭更生
Geng-Sheng Kuo
謝政儒
Cheng-Ju Hsieh
關鍵詞 Material Requirements Planning
Total Quality Management
Design for Manufacture and Assembly
Frequent and Rapid Prototyping
New Product Development
Computer Aided Manufacturing
Computer Aided Design
Quality Function Deployment
Product Data Management
日期 2002
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 18:50:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 由於大環境的改變,公司間的競爭越來越激烈;顧客對新產品的需求也因為新技術的出現日益增加。為了因應全球化競爭及產品生命週期縮短的大環境,迅速及優異的新產品發展成為公司重要的競爭優勢。為了強化公司的競爭優勢,新產品發展已成為一重要議題。本論文著重於研究改善新產品發展的過程,探討影響新產品發展的關鍵因素,尤其是生產與研發間的關係。
本論文分為五個部分,第一章探討新產品發展的概念及基礎理論,說明新產品發展從單一功能政策進化為今日的跨功能性政策的一環。第二章對影響新產品發展的關鍵因素做詳盡介紹,說明跨功能性的整合將會是新產品發展成功的關鍵方法。第三章仔細討論研發與製造間的關係,並將兩者的角色由傳統的分別為單一部門功能的觀點打破,且將產品的設計與製程均視為新產品發展的重要功能,試圖詮釋將單一個人╱部門的知識與成功的新產品發展連結的可能性。第四章將探討知識傳遞的限制、知識管理及組織學習的基本理論。第五章將介紹重要的管理上、組織上及技術上的支援工具,並希望藉由這樣的分析能夠瞭解新產品開發過程中各關鍵因素間的關係。第六章將介紹實務上所使用的新產品開發觀念,這部分的資料是由個案訪問而來,選了三家不同產業具國際營運的公司為例,對實務做驗證。最後,提出一新產品開發的「最佳實務」,包括了重新定義新產品開發過程中的功能,並提出一良好管理新產品開發的建議。
Nowadays the competitions among companies become more and more fierce due to the dramatic change of competitive environment. The demands of new products are accelerated by the emerging new technologies. The rapid and excellent new product development (NPD) has become a great strategic advantage to be accommodated to the global competition with shorter product life cycle. In order to enhance the competitive advantage, improving NPD has become a vital issue for companies. This thesis focuses on improving the NPD process. Factors influencing the NPD process are discussed in detail, especially the interface between R&D and production.
The thesis is divided into five parts, starting with a general view on NPD in the first chapter. There it will be shown, how NPD has changed over the last decades from a traditional approach of functional-development to a cross-functional process today. Factors influencing this effective collaboration are presented in chapter two. In chapter three, the interface between R&D and production is directly scanned. It will be distinguished between the individual knowledge bases of the different departments. Process and product knowledge can be identified as the parts to be matched and will be illustrated. Consequently, the possibilities of linking those knowledge bases during NPD are shown. Chapter four will focus on the limitations of knowledge transfer and the fundamentals of knowledge management and organizational learning will be presented. In chapter five, supportive organizational, managerial and technological tools will be analyzed. The multiple views on NPD assure that all factors influencing the process are analyzed and proven according to their leverage on the process. In chapter six, currently used NPD concepts are outlined. The information presented was gathered through interviews carried out at globally operating companies who have technological centers and production sites in Sweden. To avoid focusing on NPD practices in an industry, the companies were chosen according to their product lines and customer segments. The final part will present best practices in NPD. This includes reconsidering all the discussed aspects and presenting a recommendation about how to organize NPD superiorly.
參考文獻 Reference
Literature:
[ADLE92] Adler, P. S.: Managing DFM: Learning to Coordinate Product and Process Design; in Susman, G.S. (edit.): Integrating Design and Manufacturing for Competitive Advantage; Oxford University Press; New York , Oxford 1992
[ANON98] Anonymous: What is PDM?; Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 120, Iss. 10; p. 76, New York; Oct. 1998
[AYAS97] Ayas, Karen: Design for Learning for Innovation – project management for new product development; Eburon Publishers; Delft 1997
[BAKE99] Baker, P.: PDM – what do we need to know; Works Management, Vol. 52, Iss. 5; pp. 25-28, Horton Kirby; May 1999
[BEDI93] Berry, D.; Dienes, Z.: Implicit learning: Theoretical and Empirical Issues, Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1993
[BESK97] Beskow, C.: Product Development in Change: Cross-functional Co-operation and PDM Implementations; Licentiate Thesis, Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of technology (KTH), Stockholm 1997
[BCHW94] Bowen, K. H. et al. (edit.): The Perpetual Enterprise Machine – Seven Keys to Corporate Renewal Through Successful Product and Process Development; Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford 1994
[CHKW98] Chan, K. ; King, C. ; Wright, P.: COMPASS: Computer oriented materials, process, and apparatus selection system; Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 17, Is. 4 pp. 275-286; Dearborn 1998
[CLSM00] Clay, T.; Smith, P. G.: Rapid prototyping accelerates the design process; Machine Design Vol. 72, Is. 5, pp. 166-171; Cleveland 2000
[CLEL99] Cleland, David I.: Project Management – Strategic Design and Implementations; 3rd edition; McGraw-Hill; New York et al.1999
[CLFU91] Clark, Kim B.; Fujimoto, Takahiro: Product Development Performance – Strategy, Organization, and Management in the World Auto Industry; Harvard Business School Press; Boston 1991
[COOP93] Cooper, Robert, G.: Winning at New Products – Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch; 2nd edition Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts et al, 1993
[DAHL98] Dahlqvist, J.: Knowledge Use In Business Exchange – Acting and Thinking Business Actors; Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, 1998
[DARL96] Darling, M. : Building the knowledge Organization, Business Quarterly, Winter 96, pp. 61-66, 1996
[DAVE97] Davenport, T. H.: Information ecology: Mastering the Information and Knowledge Environment: Oxford University Press; Oxford, New York, 1997
[DAVE93] Davenport, T. H.: Process Innovation – Reengineering Work through Information Technology; Harvard Business School Press; Boston 1993
[EDMO96] Edmondson, A.; Moingeon, B.: Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage; Sage Publications; London et. al. 1996
[ELGR91] Ellis, C. et al.: Groupware: Some Issues and Experiences; Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 1; pp. 38-58; Jan 1991
[ELIA96] Eliasson, G.: Firm Objectives, Controls and Organization – The Use of Information and the transfer of Knowledge within the Firm; Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht et. al., 1996
[GRIF92] Griffiin, A.: Evaluating QFD’s use in US firms as a process for developing products; Journal of Product Innovation Management No. 9, pp. 171-187; Elsevier Science Inc, New York, 1992
[GRKU99] Grube, Gerd; Kuhlenkötter, Bernd: Kommunikationsmanagement – Methode zur Produkt und Prozessoptimierung innerhalb der Produktentwicklung; Industrie Management 15/99; p. 68-71, GITO - Verlag 1999
[GUSV98] Guhrés, J.; Svedberg, A.: Effective Knowledge Transfer – A Study of Knowledge and its Transfer; Master Thesis in Business Administration No. 98/19; University of Linköping, 1998
[HARR97] Harryson, Sigvald J.: How Canon and Sony Drive Product Innovation Through Networking and Application-Focused R&D; Journal of Product Innovation Management, No. 14, pp. 288-295; Elsevier Science Inc, New York, 1997
[HERB99] Herbertsson, Jonas: Enterprise Orientated Design for Manufacture – On the adaptation and application of DFM in an enterprise; Linköping Studies in Science and Technology – Dissertation No. 584; Linköping 1999
[HIMM92] Himmelfarb, Philip A.: Survival of the Fittest – New Product Development During The 90’s; Prentice Hall; Englewood Cliffs 1992
[JASA99] Jassawalla, Avan R.; Sashittal Hemant C.: Building collaborative cross-functional new product teams; Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp 50-63, Ada 1999
[JFWM98] Yap, Chee Meng et al.: The Impact of Organizational Characteristics on the Outcome of New Product Development Projects in Singapore-based Firms; Singapore Management Review Jan 1998; Vol. 20, Iss. 1; pg. 25-42, Singapore 1998
[KALP95] Kalpakjian, S. : Manufacturing Engineering and Technology; 3rd edition; Addison Wesley Publishing Co., Massatchusets1995
[KHSP99] Khoshnevis, B. et al. : An integrated process planning system using feature reasoning and space search-based optimization; IIE Transaction, Vol. 31, Iss. 7; pp. 597-616; Norcross Jul. 1999
[KOTL80] Kotler, P.: Principles of Marketing; Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NY.; 1980
[KOZA91] Kogut, B.; Zander, U.: The knowledge of the firm in the choice of the mode of technology transfer; Stockholm School of Economics – Institute of International Business; Stockholm 1991
[LAGO89] Larson, Erik W.; Gobeli, David, H.: Significance of Project Management Structures on Development Success; IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 36, No. 2; pp. 119-125; May 1989
[MCGR96] McGrath, Michael E.: Setting the Pace in Product Development – A Guide To Produt and Cycle-Time Excellence; reversed edition; Butterworth-Heinemann; Boston et al. 1996
[NOTA95] Nonaka, I.; Takeuchi, H.: The Knowledge-Creating Company; Oxford University Press; New York 1995
[ODGR98] O’Dell, Clara; Grayson, C. J. Jr.: If we only Knew what we Know – The Transfer of Internal Knowledge and Best Practice; The Free Press; New York 1998
[PERO95] Peppard, Joe; Rowland, Philip: The Essence of Business Process Re-engineering; Prentice Hall, New York et al. 1995
[RUGG97] Ruggles III, R. L.: Knowledge Management Tools; Butterworth-Heinemann; Boston et. al., 1997
[SAIN96] Saint-Onge, H.: Tacit Knowledge: The key to the Strategic Alignment of Intellectual Capital” Strategy and Leadership, March/April 1996, pp. 10-14
[SHER99] Sheridan, John H.: Bridging the Enterprise Gap – Manufacturers ponder benefits of and obstacles to linking PDM and ERP systems, Industry Week; Vol. 248, Iss. 7, pp. 17-20; Cleveland; Apr 1999
[SHIL94] Shillito, M. L.: Advanced QFD – Linking Technology to Market and Company Needs, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York et. Al., 1994
[SMIT95] Smith, N.J. (edit.) : Engineering Project Management; Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford et. al. 1995
[SMRE98] Smith, P. G.; Reinertsen, D. G.: Developing products in half the time 2nd edition; John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ; New York et al. 1998
[STHO90] Stalk, G. Jr.; Hout, T. M.: Competing Against Time – How Time-based Competition Is Reshaping Global Markets; The Free Press, New York 1990
[SUDE92] Susman, G. I.; Dean, J. W. Jr.: Development of Model for Predicting Design for Manufacturability Effectiveness. In: Susman, G. I. (edit.): Integrating Design and Manufacturing for competitive Advantage; pp. 207-227; Oxford University Press; Oxford et al.1992
[SUSM92] Susman, G. I. (edit.): Integrating Design and Manufacturing for competitive Advantage; Oxford University Press; Oxford et al.1992
[TRYG90] Trugg, Lars: Is there a “GAP” of Knowledge between R&D and Production; Working Paper No. 1990:26; Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology IMIT; Göteborg, 1990
[TUNA86] Tushman, Michael; Nadler, David: Organizing for Innovation; in Hart, Susan (edit.): New Product Development – A Reader; The Dryden Press, London et al., 1986
[ULEP95] Ulrich, Karl,; Eppinger, Steven D.: Product Design and Development, McGraw-Hill, Inc.; New York et al. 1995
[WOJO96] Womack, James P.; Jones, Daniel T.: Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in your Cooperation; Simon & Schuster, New York 1996
[ZASÖ92] Zander, I,; Sölvell, Ö.: Transfer and Creation of knowledge in local firm and industry clusters; Stockholm School of Economics – Institute of International Business, 1992
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
90355005
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090355005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 郭更生zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Geng-Sheng Kuoen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 謝政儒zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Cheng-Ju Hsiehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 謝政儒zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Cheng-Ju Hsiehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 18:50:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 18:50:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 18:50:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090355005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36554-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90355005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於大環境的改變,公司間的競爭越來越激烈;顧客對新產品的需求也因為新技術的出現日益增加。為了因應全球化競爭及產品生命週期縮短的大環境,迅速及優異的新產品發展成為公司重要的競爭優勢。為了強化公司的競爭優勢,新產品發展已成為一重要議題。本論文著重於研究改善新產品發展的過程,探討影響新產品發展的關鍵因素,尤其是生產與研發間的關係。
本論文分為五個部分,第一章探討新產品發展的概念及基礎理論,說明新產品發展從單一功能政策進化為今日的跨功能性政策的一環。第二章對影響新產品發展的關鍵因素做詳盡介紹,說明跨功能性的整合將會是新產品發展成功的關鍵方法。第三章仔細討論研發與製造間的關係,並將兩者的角色由傳統的分別為單一部門功能的觀點打破,且將產品的設計與製程均視為新產品發展的重要功能,試圖詮釋將單一個人╱部門的知識與成功的新產品發展連結的可能性。第四章將探討知識傳遞的限制、知識管理及組織學習的基本理論。第五章將介紹重要的管理上、組織上及技術上的支援工具,並希望藉由這樣的分析能夠瞭解新產品開發過程中各關鍵因素間的關係。第六章將介紹實務上所使用的新產品開發觀念,這部分的資料是由個案訪問而來,選了三家不同產業具國際營運的公司為例,對實務做驗證。最後,提出一新產品開發的「最佳實務」,包括了重新定義新產品開發過程中的功能,並提出一良好管理新產品開發的建議。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Nowadays the competitions among companies become more and more fierce due to the dramatic change of competitive environment. The demands of new products are accelerated by the emerging new technologies. The rapid and excellent new product development (NPD) has become a great strategic advantage to be accommodated to the global competition with shorter product life cycle. In order to enhance the competitive advantage, improving NPD has become a vital issue for companies. This thesis focuses on improving the NPD process. Factors influencing the NPD process are discussed in detail, especially the interface between R&D and production.
The thesis is divided into five parts, starting with a general view on NPD in the first chapter. There it will be shown, how NPD has changed over the last decades from a traditional approach of functional-development to a cross-functional process today. Factors influencing this effective collaboration are presented in chapter two. In chapter three, the interface between R&D and production is directly scanned. It will be distinguished between the individual knowledge bases of the different departments. Process and product knowledge can be identified as the parts to be matched and will be illustrated. Consequently, the possibilities of linking those knowledge bases during NPD are shown. Chapter four will focus on the limitations of knowledge transfer and the fundamentals of knowledge management and organizational learning will be presented. In chapter five, supportive organizational, managerial and technological tools will be analyzed. The multiple views on NPD assure that all factors influencing the process are analyzed and proven according to their leverage on the process. In chapter six, currently used NPD concepts are outlined. The information presented was gathered through interviews carried out at globally operating companies who have technological centers and production sites in Sweden. To avoid focusing on NPD practices in an industry, the companies were chosen according to their product lines and customer segments. The final part will present best practices in NPD. This includes reconsidering all the discussed aspects and presenting a recommendation about how to organize NPD superiorly.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents

1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Research Outline
2 The New Product Development Process
2.1 How NPD is Carried Out
2.2 The Multifunctional Input during NPD
2.3 Creating a “Smooth” NPD Process
3 The Interface between R&D and Production
3.1 Product and Process Knowledge
3.2 Combining Product and Process Knowledge
4 Knowledge and Its Diffusion
4.1 Types of Knowledge
4.1.1 Data, Information, Knowledge and Competence
4.1.2 Knowledge and Its Ability to Be Transferred
4.2 Communication within NPD
4.2.1 Public and Firm-specific Knowledge
4.2.2 Knowledge-management and Its Impact on NPD
4.2.3 Organizational Learning
5 Concepts and Tools to Manage the Interface
5.1 Management Approaches
5.1.1 Project Management
5.1.2 Total Quality Management
5.1.3 Quality Function Deployment
5.1.4 Design for Manufacture and Assembly
5.2 Organizational Tools
5.2.1 Project Team Organization
5.2.2 Concurrent/ Simultaneous Engineering
5.2.3 Cross-Functional Teams
5.2.4 Skunk Works
5.3 Technological Tools
5.3.1 Computer-Aided Tools for Product and Process Design
5.3.2 PDM and ERP Systems
5.3.3 Frequent and Rapid Prototyping
5.3.4 Groupware Tools
6 Practical Examples and Suggestions for Improvement
6.1 Analysis of NPD Strategies Used in Companies Today
6.2 Evaluation of the Presented Findings
6.3 Guideline to an Improved R&D/ Production Interface
7 Conclusions
8 References
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090355005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Material Requirements Planningen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Total Quality Managementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Design for Manufacture and Assemblyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Frequent and Rapid Prototypingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) New Product Developmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Computer Aided Manufacturingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Computer Aided Designen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Quality Function Deploymenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Product Data Managementen_US
dc.title (題名) Research on New Product Development Processzh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Referencezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Literature:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [ADLE92] Adler, P. S.: Managing DFM: Learning to Coordinate Product and Process Design; in Susman, G.S. (edit.): Integrating Design and Manufacturing for Competitive Advantage; Oxford University Press; New York , Oxford 1992zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [ANON98] Anonymous: What is PDM?; Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 120, Iss. 10; p. 76, New York; Oct. 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [AYAS97] Ayas, Karen: Design for Learning for Innovation – project management for new product development; Eburon Publishers; Delft 1997zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [BAKE99] Baker, P.: PDM – what do we need to know; Works Management, Vol. 52, Iss. 5; pp. 25-28, Horton Kirby; May 1999zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [BEDI93] Berry, D.; Dienes, Z.: Implicit learning: Theoretical and Empirical Issues, Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1993zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [BESK97] Beskow, C.: Product Development in Change: Cross-functional Co-operation and PDM Implementations; Licentiate Thesis, Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of technology (KTH), Stockholm 1997zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [BCHW94] Bowen, K. H. et al. (edit.): The Perpetual Enterprise Machine – Seven Keys to Corporate Renewal Through Successful Product and Process Development; Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford 1994zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [CHKW98] Chan, K. ; King, C. ; Wright, P.: COMPASS: Computer oriented materials, process, and apparatus selection system; Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 17, Is. 4 pp. 275-286; Dearborn 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [CLSM00] Clay, T.; Smith, P. G.: Rapid prototyping accelerates the design process; Machine Design Vol. 72, Is. 5, pp. 166-171; Cleveland 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [CLEL99] Cleland, David I.: Project Management – Strategic Design and Implementations; 3rd edition; McGraw-Hill; New York et al.1999zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [CLFU91] Clark, Kim B.; Fujimoto, Takahiro: Product Development Performance – Strategy, Organization, and Management in the World Auto Industry; Harvard Business School Press; Boston 1991zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [COOP93] Cooper, Robert, G.: Winning at New Products – Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch; 2nd edition Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts et al, 1993zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [DAHL98] Dahlqvist, J.: Knowledge Use In Business Exchange – Acting and Thinking Business Actors; Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [DARL96] Darling, M. : Building the knowledge Organization, Business Quarterly, Winter 96, pp. 61-66, 1996zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [DAVE97] Davenport, T. H.: Information ecology: Mastering the Information and Knowledge Environment: Oxford University Press; Oxford, New York, 1997zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [DAVE93] Davenport, T. H.: Process Innovation – Reengineering Work through Information Technology; Harvard Business School Press; Boston 1993zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [EDMO96] Edmondson, A.; Moingeon, B.: Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage; Sage Publications; London et. al. 1996zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [ELGR91] Ellis, C. et al.: Groupware: Some Issues and Experiences; Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 1; pp. 38-58; Jan 1991zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [ELIA96] Eliasson, G.: Firm Objectives, Controls and Organization – The Use of Information and the transfer of Knowledge within the Firm; Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht et. al., 1996zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [GRIF92] Griffiin, A.: Evaluating QFD’s use in US firms as a process for developing products; Journal of Product Innovation Management No. 9, pp. 171-187; Elsevier Science Inc, New York, 1992zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [GRKU99] Grube, Gerd; Kuhlenkötter, Bernd: Kommunikationsmanagement – Methode zur Produkt und Prozessoptimierung innerhalb der Produktentwicklung; Industrie Management 15/99; p. 68-71, GITO - Verlag 1999zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [GUSV98] Guhrés, J.; Svedberg, A.: Effective Knowledge Transfer – A Study of Knowledge and its Transfer; Master Thesis in Business Administration No. 98/19; University of Linköping, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [HARR97] Harryson, Sigvald J.: How Canon and Sony Drive Product Innovation Through Networking and Application-Focused R&D; Journal of Product Innovation Management, No. 14, pp. 288-295; Elsevier Science Inc, New York, 1997zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [HERB99] Herbertsson, Jonas: Enterprise Orientated Design for Manufacture – On the adaptation and application of DFM in an enterprise; Linköping Studies in Science and Technology – Dissertation No. 584; Linköping 1999zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [HIMM92] Himmelfarb, Philip A.: Survival of the Fittest – New Product Development During The 90’s; Prentice Hall; Englewood Cliffs 1992zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [JASA99] Jassawalla, Avan R.; Sashittal Hemant C.: Building collaborative cross-functional new product teams; Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp 50-63, Ada 1999zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [JFWM98] Yap, Chee Meng et al.: The Impact of Organizational Characteristics on the Outcome of New Product Development Projects in Singapore-based Firms; Singapore Management Review Jan 1998; Vol. 20, Iss. 1; pg. 25-42, Singapore 1998zh_TW
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