「合作／非合作」語用原則─論記者與消息來源之語言互動策略

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題名	「合作／非合作」語用原則─論記者與消息來源之語言互動策略 The cooperative/non-cooperative verbal interaction between news reporters and news sources
作者	林金池 Lin, Chin Chih
貢獻者	臧國仁林金池 Lin, Chin Chih
關鍵詞	合作性語言互動非合作性語言互動威嚇語言記者與消息來源互動策略非禮貌原則 coperative verbal interaction non-cooperative verbal interaction threatening languages reporters-source interactions principle of impoliteness
日期	2008
上傳時間	18-Sep-2009 19:45:14 (UTC+8)
摘要	本研究從作者實務工作曾經遭遇的兩個「威嚇語言」互動策略為起點，發現過去相關研究多屬探討記者與消息來源互動社會結構層面之「靜態論述」，鮮少觸及「語言互動」策略與內涵。本研究改以語用學之言說行動、語境概念、禮貌原則以及社會心理學之面子、面子威脅等概念為基礎，歸納出人際溝通由核心到外圍的語言互動脈絡，並依合作程度高低推演出記者與消息來源間之「合作性語言互動」(cooperative verbal interaction)與「非合作性語言互動」(non-cooperative verbal interaction)兩種不同語言互動策略。根據訪談與個案研究資料所示，記者與消息來源語言互動過程使用之各種不同手法（如婉言相勸、閃躲、打哈哈、口頭威嚇、直接修理等），均可歸納於「合作／非合作」語言互動策略範疇。整體而言，「合作語言策略」最常出現，「非合作語言策略」在互動過程只是施壓手段，但兩種策略若像「胡蘿蔔與棍子」般地交叉運用，則常有較佳效果。本研究亦發現，消息來源並非記者隨意擺布的「掌中棋」，亦即記者若不當使用「非合作語言策略」而將消息來源逼至瀕臨壓力邊緣之際，消息來源亦會使用「非合作語言策略」嚴厲反擊而造成反效果。因此，語言策略的尺度拿捏與技巧等語境因素，常是互動雙方能否達成目標之微妙關鍵所在。 As previous studies in this area have long emphasized more on the social levels of reporter-source interactions, this study, based on the literature of pragmatics, facework, and impoliteness, examined how the news reporters interact with their sources on a linguistic level trying to distinguish varied verbal strategies used by these two interactants in news reporting, such as exhorting, evasiveness, verbal threatening, and verbal attacking. Research result reveals that both cooperative/non-cooperative verbal interactive strategies are common and easily observable in news reporters’ routine meetings with their sources. In principle, the non-cooperative verbal interaction can be further divided into four sublevels according to the degrees of cooperation between the two interactants. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the cooperative/non-cooperative verbal interaction model developed in this study can be used not only as a research framework to examine the reporter-source interactions in a qualitative way, but also as a practical strategy which would show that both the reporters and sources may use the model to detect and challenge, and in the meantime to counterattack, the other side in their daily encounters.
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描述	碩士國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專班 95941023 97
資料來源	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095941023
資料類型	thesis

dc.contributor.advisor	臧國仁	zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors)	林金池	zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors)	Lin, Chin Chih	en_US
dc.creator (作者)	林金池	zh_TW
dc.creator (作者)	Lin, Chin Chih	en_US
dc.date (日期)	2008	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	18-Sep-2009 19:45:14 (UTC+8)	-
dc.date.available	18-Sep-2009 19:45:14 (UTC+8)	-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間)	18-Sep-2009 19:45:14 (UTC+8)	-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers)	G0095941023	en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI)	https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/36804	-
dc.description (描述)	碩士	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	國立政治大學	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	傳播學院碩士在職專班	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	95941023	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	97	zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)	本研究從作者實務工作曾經遭遇的兩個「威嚇語言」互動策略為起點，發現過去相關研究多屬探討記者與消息來源互動社會結構層面之「靜態論述」，鮮少觸及「語言互動」策略與內涵。本研究改以語用學之言說行動、語境概念、禮貌原則以及社會心理學之面子、面子威脅等概念為基礎，歸納出人際溝通由核心到外圍的語言互動脈絡，並依合作程度高低推演出記者與消息來源間之「合作性語言互動」(cooperative verbal interaction)與「非合作性語言互動」(non-cooperative verbal interaction)兩種不同語言互動策略。根據訪談與個案研究資料所示，記者與消息來源語言互動過程使用之各種不同手法（如婉言相勸、閃躲、打哈哈、口頭威嚇、直接修理等），均可歸納於「合作／非合作」語言互動策略範疇。整體而言，「合作語言策略」最常出現，「非合作語言策略」在互動過程只是施壓手段，但兩種策略若像「胡蘿蔔與棍子」般地交叉運用，則常有較佳效果。本研究亦發現，消息來源並非記者隨意擺布的「掌中棋」，亦即記者若不當使用「非合作語言策略」而將消息來源逼至瀕臨壓力邊緣之際，消息來源亦會使用「非合作語言策略」嚴厲反擊而造成反效果。因此，語言策略的尺度拿捏與技巧等語境因素，常是互動雙方能否達成目標之微妙關鍵所在。	zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)	As previous studies in this area have long emphasized more on the social levels of reporter-source interactions, this study, based on the literature of pragmatics, facework, and impoliteness, examined how the news reporters interact with their sources on a linguistic level trying to distinguish varied verbal strategies used by these two interactants in news reporting, such as exhorting, evasiveness, verbal threatening, and verbal attacking. Research result reveals that both cooperative/non-cooperative verbal interactive strategies are common and easily observable in news reporters’ routine meetings with their sources. In principle, the non-cooperative verbal interaction can be further divided into four sublevels according to the degrees of cooperation between the two interactants. In conclusion, it is confirmed that the cooperative/non-cooperative verbal interaction model developed in this study can be used not only as a research framework to examine the reporter-source interactions in a qualitative way, but also as a practical strategy which would show that both the reporters and sources may use the model to detect and challenge, and in the meantime to counterattack, the other side in their daily encounters.	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	第一章記者與消息來源互動研究之回顧…………………….. 1 前言 …………………………………………......... 1 第一節研究目的………………………………………….. 4 第二節問題意識………………………………………….. 5 第三節小結...………………………………………… 10 第四節各章簡述…………………………………………… 11 第二章文獻回顧─從語用學到合作／非合作語言互動……. 13 第一節語用學概論……………………………………… 13 第二節禮貌與面子……………………………………… 21 第三節面子威脅、不禮貌與威嚇語言………………… 29 第四節記者與消息來源的語言互動…………………… 39 第五節小結……………………………………………… 44 第三章研究方法…………………………………………… 47 第一節研究問題...…………………………………… 47 第二節選擇社會路線…………………………………… 47 第三節研究架構與定義說明…………………………… 50 第四節研究方法………………………………………… 56 第五節研究對象與研究程序…..……………………… 62 第六節前測……………………………………………… 65 第七節小結……………………………………………… 71 第四章研究資料分析與說明………………………………… 73 第一節個案研究分析…………………………………… 73 第二節深度訪談分析…………………………………… 93 第三節本章小結………………………………………… 112 第五章結論與建議…………………………………………… 113 第一節研究回顧………………………………………… 113 第二節研究發現………………………………………… 114 第三節研究意涵………………………………………… 125 第四節研究限制與未來研究之建議…………………… 137 參考文獻中文部分……………………………………………………… 145 英文部分……………………………………………………… 149 表目錄表3-1：質性研究方法優缺比較表…………………………… 61 表4-1：個案一語言策略分析………………………………… 80 表4-2：個案二語言策略分析………………………………… 91 表4-3：深度訪談背景資料介紹……………………………… 94 表4-4：深度訪談資料彙整表………………………………… 109 表5-1：非合作語言之語言互動類型、使用對象及意涵…… 119 表5-2：記者之合作／非合作語言語言互動與語境關聯…… 124 圖目錄圖1-1：記者與消息來源之語言互動研究芻議……………… 11 圖2-1：面子威脅可能策略…………………………………… 30 圖2-2：記者與消息來源語言互動結構示意圖……………… 41 圖2-3：記者與消息來源語言互動策略……………………… 43 圖3-1：記者與消息來源語言互動研究架構………………… 51 圖3-2：研究流程圖…………………………………………… 72 附錄附錄一：記者深度訪談問卷大綱……………………………... 155 附錄一之一：消息來源深度訪談問卷大綱…………………... 156 附錄二：研究同意書…………………………………………... 157 附錄三：個案研究之事後訪談摘要…………………………... 158 附錄四之一：記者深度訪談摘要……………………………... 166 附錄四之二：消息來源深度訪談摘要………………………... 179	zh_TW
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dc.language.iso	en_US	-
dc.source.uri (資料來源)	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095941023	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	合作性語言互動	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	非合作性語言互動	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	威嚇語言	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	記者與消息來源互動策略	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	非禮貌原則	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	coperative verbal interaction	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	non-cooperative verbal interaction	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	threatening languages	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	reporters-source interactions	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	principle of impoliteness	en_US
dc.title (題名)	「合作／非合作」語用原則─論記者與消息來源之語言互動策略	zh_TW
dc.title (題名)	The cooperative/non-cooperative verbal interaction between news reporters and news sources	en_US
dc.type (資料類型)	thesis	en
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