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題名 非政府組織與京都議定書
作者 朱肇維
貢獻者 姜家雄
朱肇維
關鍵詞 非政府組織
氣候變化
全球暖化
氣候變化綱要公約
京都議定書
日期 2006
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 20:34:10 (UTC+8)
摘要 冷戰的結束,兩強的對峙不再,多數國家在行動上更具彈性,非政府組織(Non-Governmental Organization, NGO )也於此取得了發展的機會。當各國聚焦於國內事務的同時,全球化的腳步又使其無法置身於國際事務之外,許多看似是一國內部的問題,實已成為全球性的共同問題,環境問題於此時在各個場合中再度被突顯出來,特別是氣候變化的相關議題,更與全球每一份子休戚相關。非政府組織在這一系列的進程中也取得了重大的成果,除了共同參與制訂相關規範,並透過實際的作為形塑大眾的環境意識,更將成為了國際規範的重要監督者。此外,NGO不但是其在數量上與質量上的快速增長,其活動策略與方式更值得注目。本文將以《京都議定書》的形成與談判來觀察非政府組織的參與,並從《京都議定書》中的重要機制─彈性機制、碳匯(sink)與遵約系統(compliance) 檢視非政府組織是否能影響,以及如何影響這些機制的制定,最後則討論非政府組織在環境議題的展望,期盼爲當前日漸嚴峻的地球暖化問題尋求出路。
參考文獻 一、中文部分
(一)專書
丁一匯等編。《全球氣候變化─人類面臨的挑戰》。北京:商務印書館,2004年。
大衞森(Eric A. Davidson)。《生態經濟大未來》(You Can’t Eat Gnp: Economic As If Ecology Mattered),齊立文譯。台北:經濟新潮,2001年。
王杰等編。《全球治理中的國際非政府組織》。北京:北京大學,2004年。
王振軒。《非政府組織概論》。台北:鼎茂圖書,2003年。
王偉中等編。《清潔發展機制》。北京:社會科學文獻,2005年。
卡森(Rachel Carson)。《寂靜的春天》(Silent Spring),呂瑞蘭等譯。長春:吉林人民,1997年。
李惠斌主編。《全球化與公民社會》。桂林:廣西師範大學,2003年。
吳英明等編。《非政府組織》。台北:商鼎文化,2001年。
任建蘭等著。《基於全球化背景下的貿易與環境》。北京:商務印書館,2003年。
米都斯(Dennis L. Meadows)。《增長的極限》(The Limits to Growth),李寶桓譯。吉林:吉林人民,1997。
杜拉克(Peter F. Drucker)。《使命與領導:向非營利組織學習管理之道》(Managing the Non-Profit Organization),余佩珊譯。台北:遠流,2004年。
陶傳進。《環境治理:以社區為基礎》。北京:社會科學文獻,2005年。
莊貴陽、陳迎。《國際氣候制度與中國》。北京:世界知識,2005年。
倪世雄等著。《當代西方國際關係理論》。上海:復旦大學,2001年。
范麗珠等編。《全球化下的社會變遷與非政府組織》。上海:上海人民,2003年。
葉俊榮。《全球環境議題─台灣觀點》。台北:巨流,1999年。
盛紅生主編。《當代國際關係中的第三者》。北京:時事,2003年。
張亞中主編。《國際關係總論》。台北:揚智,2003年。
理查(Jean-Francois Rischard)。《狗紀年的20個備忘錄》(Twenty Global Problems, Twenty Years to Solve Them)。何項佐譯,台北:大塊文化,2004年。
費希爾(Julie Fisher)。《NGO與第三世界的政治發展》(NGOs and the Politics Development of the Third World),鄭國勝等譯。北京:社會科學文獻,2002年。
萬 霞。《國際環境保護的法律理論與實踐》。北京:經濟科學,2003年。
萬以誠等譯。《新文明的路標:人類綠色運動史上的經典文獻》。長春:吉林人民,2000年。
提摩西(Doyle Timothy)。《環境與政治》(Environment and Politics),陳穎峰譯。台北:韋伯文化,2001年。
蔡政文。《當前國際關係理論發展及其評估》。台北:三民,1997年。
赫茲(Noreena Hertz)。《當企業併購國家:全球資本主義與民主之死》( The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and Death of Democracy),許玉雯譯。台北:經濟新潮,2003年。
劉貞曄。《國際政治領域中的非政府組織:一種互動關係的分析》。天津:天津人民,2005年。
鄭國勝。《非營利組織評估》。北京:社會科學文獻,2001年。
戴蒙(Jared Diamond)。《大崩壞:人類社會的明天》(Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed),廖月娟譯。台北:時報文化,2006。
盧玆(Christopher Rootes)。《西方環境運動:地方、國家和全球向度》(Environmental Movements: Local, National and Global),徐凱譯。濟南:山東大學,2005年。
薩拉蒙(Lester Salamon)。《全球公民社會─非營利部門視界》(Global Civil Society: Dimensions of Nonprofit Secter)。賈西津等譯。北京:社會科學文獻,2002年。
(二)期刊論文
李河清。〈環境外交與氣候議題談判-以京都議定書為例〉。《國家政策論壇》,第1卷第9期,2001年11月,頁14-27。
李河清。〈永續發展的國際關係面向:全球環境治理〉。《全球變遷通訊雜誌》,第8期,2003年6月,頁21-25。
李河清。〈知識社群與氣候談判〉。《問題與研究》,第43卷第6期,2004年11/12月,頁73-102。
宋燕輝。〈美國與京都議定書:小布希政府氣候變化政策急轉彎?〉。《理論與政策》,第16卷第2期,2002年6月,頁27-45。
江明修、鄭勝分。〈全球治理與非營利組織〉。《中國行政》,第73期,2003年6月,頁71-95。
郭博堯。〈背景分析─京都議定書的爭議與妥協〉。《國政研究報告》。台北:財團法人國家研究政策基金會,2001年7月26日。
許晃雄。〈淺談氣候變化的科學〉。《科學發展月刊》,第29卷第12期,2001年12月,頁867-878。
張亞中。〈全球治理:主體與權力的解析〉。《問題與研究》,第40卷第4期,2001年7/8月,頁1-23。
傅岳邦。〈全球環境治理:「京都議定書」個案研究〉。《中國行政》,第75期,2004年12月,頁57-88。
鍾京佑。〈全球治理與公民社會:台灣非政府組織參與國際社會的觀點〉。《政治科學論叢》,第18期,2003年6月,頁23-52。
二、 英文部分
(一)專 書
Arts, Bas, Bob Reinalda, and Math Noortmann, eds. Non-State Actors in International Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.
Boli, John, and George M. Thomas, eds. Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Cameron, Peter D., and Donald Zillman. Kyoto: From Principles to Practice. New York : Kluwer Law International, 2001.
Chasek, Pamela. S. Earth Neotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy. New York: United Nations University Press, 2001.
Hudock,Ann C.. NGOs and civil society: democracy by proxy? Malden: Polity Press, 1999.
Houghton, John. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Held, David, McGrew Goldbalatt, and J. Perration. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture.(London: Policy Press Limited, 1999).
Hirst, Paul and Grahame Thompson. Globalization in Question: The International Economy and The Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996.
Josselin, Daphne, and William Wallance, eds. Non-State Actors in World Politics. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
Korten, David. Getting to 21st Century: Voluntary Action and Global Agenda. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 1990.
Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink Kathryn. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Network in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.
Keohane, Robert O., ed. Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.
Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye. Power and Interdependence, 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2001.
Literbacher, Urs, and Detlef F. Sprinz, eds. International Relations and Global Climate Change. Cambridge: the MIT Press, 2001.
Nye, Joseph S. ed. Governance in Globalizing World. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.
Nye, Joseph S. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2004.
Oberthur, Sebstian, and Hermann E. Ott. The Kyoto Protocol: International Climate Policy for the 21st Century. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
Paterson, Matthew. Global Warming and Global Politics. New York: Routledge, 1996.
Princen, Thomas, and Matthias Finger. Environmental NGOs in World Politics: Linking the Local and the Global. New York: Routledge, 1994.
Strange, Susan. The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Tullock, Gordon, Arthur Seldon, and Gordon L. Brady, Government: Whose Obedient Servant? A Primer in Public Choice. London: IEA, 2000.
Victor, David G.. The collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Wapner, Paul. Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. New York: New York University Press, 1996.
Weiss, Thomas, and Leon Gordenker, eds. NGOs, the UN and Global Governance. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, l996.
Wendt, Alexander, Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Young, Oran R. Polar Politics: Creating International Environmental Regime. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Young, Oran R. International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Young, Oran R. ed. Global Governance: Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997.
(二)期刊論文
Betsill, Michele M., and Elisabeth Corell. “NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: A Framework for Analysis.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (November 2001): 65-85.
Betsill, Michele M., and Harriet Bulkeley. “Transnational Networks and Global Environmental Governance: The Cities for Climate Protection Program.” International Studies Quarterly 48 (June 2004): 471-493.
Browne, John. “Beyond Kyoto.” Foreign Affairs 83 (July/August, 2004): 20-32.
Carpenter, Chad. “Business, Green Groups and the Media: The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in the Climate Change Debate.” International Affairs 77 (April 2001): 313-328.
Clark, Ann Marie. ”Non-governmental Organizations and their Influence on International Society.” Journal of International Affairs 48 (Winter l995): 507-525.
Corell, Elisabeth, and Michele M. Betsill. “A Comparative Look at NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: Desertification and Climate Change.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (November 2001): 86-107.
Cooley, Alexander, and James Ron. “The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action.” International Security 27 (Summer 2002): 5-39.
Cooper, Andrew F., and Brian Hocking. ”Governments, Non-governmental Organizations and the Re-calibration of Diplomacy.” Global Society: Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations 14 (July 2000): 361-376.
Garothers, Thomas. ”Civil Society,” Foreign Policy ll7 (Winter l999-2000): l8-29.
Gulbrandsen, Lars H., and Steinar Andresen. “NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms, and Sinks.” Global Environmental Politics 4 (November, 2004):54-75.
Gough, Clair, and Simon Shackley. “The Respectable Politics of Climate Change: the Epistemic Communities and NGOs” International Affairs 77 (April 2001): 329-346.
Haas, Peter. “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination.” International Organization 46 (1992): 1-35.
Haas, Peter. “Conclusion: Epistemic Communities, World Order, and the Creation of a Reflective Research Program.” International Organization 46 (Winter1992): 367-390.
Haas, Peter. and Ernst B. Haas, “Learning to Learn: International Governance.” Global Governance 1(January-March 1995): 255-284.
Jasanoff, Sheila. “NGOs and the Environment: from Knowledge to Action.” Third World Quarterly 18 (1997): 579-594.
Mathews, Jessica. “Power Shift.” Foreign Affairs 76 (Jan/Feb 1997):50-66.
Lanchbery, John. “Verifying Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol.” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7 (1998): 170-175.
Lipschutz, Ronnie D. “Environmental History, Political Economy and Change: Frameworks and Tools for Research and Analysis.” Global Environmental Politics1 (August 2001): 72-91.
Ott, Hermann E. “Climate Change: An Important Foreign Policy Issue.” International Affairs 77 (2001): 277-296.
Paterson, Matthew. “Climate Policy as Accumulation Strategy: The Failure of COP6 and Emerging Trends in Climate Politics.” Global Environmental Politics l (May 2001): 10-17.
Raustiala, Kal. “States, NGOs, and International Environmental Institutions.” International Studies Quarterly 41(December 1997): 719-740.
Salamon, Lester M. “The Rise of Non-profit Sector.” Foreign Affairs 73 (July/August l994): l09-l22.
Simmons, P. J. “Learning to Live with NGOs.” Foreign Policy ll2 (Fall l998): 82-96.
Skodvin, Tora, and Steinar Andresen. “Non-state Influence in the International Whaling Commission, 1970-1990.” Global Environmental Politics 3 (November 2003): 61-86.
Soroos, Marvin S. “Global Climate Change and the Futility of the Kyoto Process.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (May 2001): 1-9.
Spiro, Peter J. “New Global Communities: Nongovernmental Organizations in International Decision-making Institutions.” The Washington Quarterly l8 (Winter l995): 45-56.
Tamiotti, Ludivine, and Matthias Finger. “Environmental Organizations: Changing Roles and Functions in Global Politics.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (February 2001): 56-76.
Wang, Xueman. “Toward a System of Compliance: Designing a Mechanism for the Climate Change Convention.” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7 (1998): 176-179.
Wang, Xueman, and Wiser Glenn. ” The Implementation and Regimes under the Climate Change Convention and its Kyoto Protocol.” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 11 (2002): 181-198.
三、 網路資料
聯合國環境計畫署 http://www.unep.org/
聯合國氣候變化綱要公約網 http://unfccc.int/2860.php
氣候行動網路 http://www.climatenetwork.org/
氣候變化綱要公約全球資訊網 http://sd.erl.itri.org.tw/fccc/index.htm
環境資訊中心 http://e-info.org.tw/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
92253004
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530041
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜家雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 朱肇維zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 朱肇維zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 20:34:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 20:34:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 20:34:10 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0922530041en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37035-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92253004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 冷戰的結束,兩強的對峙不再,多數國家在行動上更具彈性,非政府組織(Non-Governmental Organization, NGO )也於此取得了發展的機會。當各國聚焦於國內事務的同時,全球化的腳步又使其無法置身於國際事務之外,許多看似是一國內部的問題,實已成為全球性的共同問題,環境問題於此時在各個場合中再度被突顯出來,特別是氣候變化的相關議題,更與全球每一份子休戚相關。非政府組織在這一系列的進程中也取得了重大的成果,除了共同參與制訂相關規範,並透過實際的作為形塑大眾的環境意識,更將成為了國際規範的重要監督者。此外,NGO不但是其在數量上與質量上的快速增長,其活動策略與方式更值得注目。本文將以《京都議定書》的形成與談判來觀察非政府組織的參與,並從《京都議定書》中的重要機制─彈性機制、碳匯(sink)與遵約系統(compliance) 檢視非政府組織是否能影響,以及如何影響這些機制的制定,最後則討論非政府組織在環境議題的展望,期盼爲當前日漸嚴峻的地球暖化問題尋求出路。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論…………………………………………...………………1
第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………...1
第二節 文獻探討…………………………………………………...4
第三節 研究方法、範圍與限制…………………………………...8
第四節 分析架構與章節安排……………………………………...9
第二章 非政府組織概論……………………………….………….13
第一節 非政府組織的定義與類型……………………………….14
第二節 非政府組織的策略……………………………………….24
第三節 非政府組織與其他行為者的關係……………………….35
小 結……………………………………………………………...47
第三章 環境議題:全球暖化…………………………………….51
第一節 全球暖化的科學成因………………………………….…52
第二節 國際社會的因應……………………………………….…62
第三節 非政府組織的參與…………………………………….…72
小 結……………………………………………………………...83
第四章 京都議定書中的非政府組織………..………………….85
第一節 背景分析………………………………………………….86
第二節 彈性機制與非政府組織………………………………...102
第三節 碳匯、遵約與非政府組織..........................................….114
小 結……………………………………………………….……124
第五章 結論………………………………………………………...127
附 錄……..……………………………………...................……...135
附錄一 氣候變化綱要(框架)公約………………………..…….135
附錄二 京都議定書……………………………………………..157
參考資料………………………………………………………….….179

圖表目次
圖:
圖2-1 非政府組織的分類……………………………………………..22
圖3-1 地球地表溫度變化……………………………………………..54
圖3-2 北半球溫度變化………………………………………………..55
圖3-3 全球大氣溫室氣體濃度………………………………………..58
圖3-4 全球暖化所造成的環境變遷…………………………………..62

表:
表1-1 非政府組織影響力的分析面向………………………………..10
表2-1 非政府組織世代發展屬性……………………………………..27
表2-2 不同類型非政府組織的策略、目標與資源…………………..33
表2-3 三類非政府組織在經社理事會下所賦予的權利義務比較…..42
表2-4 非政府組織歷年取得諮詢地位統計(1948-2005)……………43
表3-1 溫室氣體的類型與狀態………………………………………..57
表3-2 重要國際環境公約……………………………………………..70
表4-1 歷屆締約國大會決議要點……………………………………..89
表4-2 主要國家CO2人均排放量…………………………………..….93
表4-3 非政府組織的宗旨與作運作方式……………………………..97
表4-4 《京都議定書》各項條文所涵蓋之內容……………………..99
表4-5 附件一國家溫室氣體全球排放與減量之百分比……………100
表4-6 各發電技術所造成的溫室氣體排放量………………………110
表4-7 非政府組織與政府間組織參與締約國大會的數量變化……113
表4-8 主要國家的碳匯配額…………………………………………120
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922530041en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非政府組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候變化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球暖化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候變化綱要公約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 京都議定書zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 非政府組織與京都議定書zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一)專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 丁一匯等編。《全球氣候變化─人類面臨的挑戰》。北京:商務印書館,2004年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 大衞森(Eric A. Davidson)。《生態經濟大未來》(You Can’t Eat Gnp: Economic As If Ecology Mattered),齊立文譯。台北:經濟新潮,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王杰等編。《全球治理中的國際非政府組織》。北京:北京大學,2004年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王振軒。《非政府組織概論》。台北:鼎茂圖書,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王偉中等編。《清潔發展機制》。北京:社會科學文獻,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 卡森(Rachel Carson)。《寂靜的春天》(Silent Spring),呂瑞蘭等譯。長春:吉林人民,1997年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李惠斌主編。《全球化與公民社會》。桂林:廣西師範大學,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳英明等編。《非政府組織》。台北:商鼎文化,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 任建蘭等著。《基於全球化背景下的貿易與環境》。北京:商務印書館,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 米都斯(Dennis L. Meadows)。《增長的極限》(The Limits to Growth),李寶桓譯。吉林:吉林人民,1997。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 杜拉克(Peter F. Drucker)。《使命與領導:向非營利組織學習管理之道》(Managing the Non-Profit Organization),余佩珊譯。台北:遠流,2004年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陶傳進。《環境治理:以社區為基礎》。北京:社會科學文獻,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊貴陽、陳迎。《國際氣候制度與中國》。北京:世界知識,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 倪世雄等著。《當代西方國際關係理論》。上海:復旦大學,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 范麗珠等編。《全球化下的社會變遷與非政府組織》。上海:上海人民,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 葉俊榮。《全球環境議題─台灣觀點》。台北:巨流,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 盛紅生主編。《當代國際關係中的第三者》。北京:時事,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張亞中主編。《國際關係總論》。台北:揚智,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 理查(Jean-Francois Rischard)。《狗紀年的20個備忘錄》(Twenty Global Problems, Twenty Years to Solve Them)。何項佐譯,台北:大塊文化,2004年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 費希爾(Julie Fisher)。《NGO與第三世界的政治發展》(NGOs and the Politics Development of the Third World),鄭國勝等譯。北京:社會科學文獻,2002年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 萬 霞。《國際環境保護的法律理論與實踐》。北京:經濟科學,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 萬以誠等譯。《新文明的路標:人類綠色運動史上的經典文獻》。長春:吉林人民,2000年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 提摩西(Doyle Timothy)。《環境與政治》(Environment and Politics),陳穎峰譯。台北:韋伯文化,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡政文。《當前國際關係理論發展及其評估》。台北:三民,1997年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 赫茲(Noreena Hertz)。《當企業併購國家:全球資本主義與民主之死》( The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and Death of Democracy),許玉雯譯。台北:經濟新潮,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉貞曄。《國際政治領域中的非政府組織:一種互動關係的分析》。天津:天津人民,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭國勝。《非營利組織評估》。北京:社會科學文獻,2001年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 戴蒙(Jared Diamond)。《大崩壞:人類社會的明天》(Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed),廖月娟譯。台北:時報文化,2006。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 盧玆(Christopher Rootes)。《西方環境運動:地方、國家和全球向度》(Environmental Movements: Local, National and Global),徐凱譯。濟南:山東大學,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 薩拉蒙(Lester Salamon)。《全球公民社會─非營利部門視界》(Global Civil Society: Dimensions of Nonprofit Secter)。賈西津等譯。北京:社會科學文獻,2002年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二)期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李河清。〈環境外交與氣候議題談判-以京都議定書為例〉。《國家政策論壇》,第1卷第9期,2001年11月,頁14-27。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李河清。〈永續發展的國際關係面向:全球環境治理〉。《全球變遷通訊雜誌》,第8期,2003年6月,頁21-25。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李河清。〈知識社群與氣候談判〉。《問題與研究》,第43卷第6期,2004年11/12月,頁73-102。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 宋燕輝。〈美國與京都議定書:小布希政府氣候變化政策急轉彎?〉。《理論與政策》,第16卷第2期,2002年6月,頁27-45。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 江明修、鄭勝分。〈全球治理與非營利組織〉。《中國行政》,第73期,2003年6月,頁71-95。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郭博堯。〈背景分析─京都議定書的爭議與妥協〉。《國政研究報告》。台北:財團法人國家研究政策基金會,2001年7月26日。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許晃雄。〈淺談氣候變化的科學〉。《科學發展月刊》,第29卷第12期,2001年12月,頁867-878。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張亞中。〈全球治理:主體與權力的解析〉。《問題與研究》,第40卷第4期,2001年7/8月,頁1-23。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 傅岳邦。〈全球環境治理:「京都議定書」個案研究〉。《中國行政》,第75期,2004年12月,頁57-88。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鍾京佑。〈全球治理與公民社會:台灣非政府組織參與國際社會的觀點〉。《政治科學論叢》,第18期,2003年6月,頁23-52。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一)專 書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arts, Bas, Bob Reinalda, and Math Noortmann, eds. Non-State Actors in International Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boli, John, and George M. Thomas, eds. Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cameron, Peter D., and Donald Zillman. Kyoto: From Principles to Practice. New York : Kluwer Law International, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chasek, Pamela. S. Earth Neotiations: Analyzing Thirty Years of Environmental Diplomacy. New York: United Nations University Press, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hudock,Ann C.. NGOs and civil society: democracy by proxy? Malden: Polity Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Houghton, John. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Held, David, McGrew Goldbalatt, and J. Perration. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture.(London: Policy Press Limited, 1999).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hirst, Paul and Grahame Thompson. Globalization in Question: The International Economy and The Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Josselin, Daphne, and William Wallance, eds. Non-State Actors in World Politics. New York: Palgrave, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Korten, David. Getting to 21st Century: Voluntary Action and Global Agenda. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 1990.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink Kathryn. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Network in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keohane, Robert O., ed. Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye. Power and Interdependence, 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Literbacher, Urs, and Detlef F. Sprinz, eds. International Relations and Global Climate Change. Cambridge: the MIT Press, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nye, Joseph S. ed. Governance in Globalizing World. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nye, Joseph S. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oberthur, Sebstian, and Hermann E. Ott. The Kyoto Protocol: International Climate Policy for the 21st Century. Berlin: Springer, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paterson, Matthew. Global Warming and Global Politics. New York: Routledge, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Princen, Thomas, and Matthias Finger. Environmental NGOs in World Politics: Linking the Local and the Global. New York: Routledge, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Strange, Susan. The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tullock, Gordon, Arthur Seldon, and Gordon L. Brady, Government: Whose Obedient Servant? A Primer in Public Choice. London: IEA, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Victor, David G.. The collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wapner, Paul. Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. New York: New York University Press, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, Thomas, and Leon Gordenker, eds. NGOs, the UN and Global Governance. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, l996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wendt, Alexander, Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Young, Oran R. Polar Politics: Creating International Environmental Regime. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Young, Oran R. International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Young, Oran R. ed. Global Governance: Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二)期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Betsill, Michele M., and Elisabeth Corell. “NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: A Framework for Analysis.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (November 2001): 65-85.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Betsill, Michele M., and Harriet Bulkeley. “Transnational Networks and Global Environmental Governance: The Cities for Climate Protection Program.” International Studies Quarterly 48 (June 2004): 471-493.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Browne, John. “Beyond Kyoto.” Foreign Affairs 83 (July/August, 2004): 20-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carpenter, Chad. “Business, Green Groups and the Media: The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in the Climate Change Debate.” International Affairs 77 (April 2001): 313-328.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, Ann Marie. ”Non-governmental Organizations and their Influence on International Society.” Journal of International Affairs 48 (Winter l995): 507-525.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Corell, Elisabeth, and Michele M. Betsill. “A Comparative Look at NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: Desertification and Climate Change.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (November 2001): 86-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cooley, Alexander, and James Ron. “The NGO Scramble: Organizational Insecurity and the Political Economy of Transnational Action.” International Security 27 (Summer 2002): 5-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cooper, Andrew F., and Brian Hocking. ”Governments, Non-governmental Organizations and the Re-calibration of Diplomacy.” Global Society: Journal of Interdisciplinary International Relations 14 (July 2000): 361-376.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Garothers, Thomas. ”Civil Society,” Foreign Policy ll7 (Winter l999-2000): l8-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gulbrandsen, Lars H., and Steinar Andresen. “NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms, and Sinks.” Global Environmental Politics 4 (November, 2004):54-75.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gough, Clair, and Simon Shackley. “The Respectable Politics of Climate Change: the Epistemic Communities and NGOs” International Affairs 77 (April 2001): 329-346.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haas, Peter. “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination.” International Organization 46 (1992): 1-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haas, Peter. “Conclusion: Epistemic Communities, World Order, and the Creation of a Reflective Research Program.” International Organization 46 (Winter1992): 367-390.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haas, Peter. and Ernst B. Haas, “Learning to Learn: International Governance.” Global Governance 1(January-March 1995): 255-284.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jasanoff, Sheila. “NGOs and the Environment: from Knowledge to Action.” Third World Quarterly 18 (1997): 579-594.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mathews, Jessica. “Power Shift.” Foreign Affairs 76 (Jan/Feb 1997):50-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lanchbery, John. “Verifying Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol.” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7 (1998): 170-175.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lipschutz, Ronnie D. “Environmental History, Political Economy and Change: Frameworks and Tools for Research and Analysis.” Global Environmental Politics1 (August 2001): 72-91.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ott, Hermann E. “Climate Change: An Important Foreign Policy Issue.” International Affairs 77 (2001): 277-296.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paterson, Matthew. “Climate Policy as Accumulation Strategy: The Failure of COP6 and Emerging Trends in Climate Politics.” Global Environmental Politics l (May 2001): 10-17.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Raustiala, Kal. “States, NGOs, and International Environmental Institutions.” International Studies Quarterly 41(December 1997): 719-740.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Salamon, Lester M. “The Rise of Non-profit Sector.” Foreign Affairs 73 (July/August l994): l09-l22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simmons, P. J. “Learning to Live with NGOs.” Foreign Policy ll2 (Fall l998): 82-96.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Skodvin, Tora, and Steinar Andresen. “Non-state Influence in the International Whaling Commission, 1970-1990.” Global Environmental Politics 3 (November 2003): 61-86.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Soroos, Marvin S. “Global Climate Change and the Futility of the Kyoto Process.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (May 2001): 1-9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Spiro, Peter J. “New Global Communities: Nongovernmental Organizations in International Decision-making Institutions.” The Washington Quarterly l8 (Winter l995): 45-56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tamiotti, Ludivine, and Matthias Finger. “Environmental Organizations: Changing Roles and Functions in Global Politics.” Global Environmental Politics 1 (February 2001): 56-76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, Xueman. “Toward a System of Compliance: Designing a Mechanism for the Climate Change Convention.” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7 (1998): 176-179.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, Xueman, and Wiser Glenn. ” The Implementation and Regimes under the Climate Change Convention and its Kyoto Protocol.” Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 11 (2002): 181-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、 網路資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 聯合國環境計畫署 http://www.unep.org/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 聯合國氣候變化綱要公約網 http://unfccc.int/2860.phpzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 氣候行動網路 http://www.climatenetwork.org/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 氣候變化綱要公約全球資訊網 http://sd.erl.itri.org.tw/fccc/index.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 環境資訊中心 http://e-info.org.tw/zh_TW