| dc.contributor.advisor | 趙國材 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 彭玉明 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | 彭玉明 | zh_TW |
| dc.date (日期) | 2006 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 18-Sep-2009 20:35:28 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 18-Sep-2009 20:35:28 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 18-Sep-2009 20:35:28 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0094922002 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37042 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94922002 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 95 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 武裝衝突法已成為各交戰國(方)爭取國際支持之重要手段，軍隊執行作戰任務，必須遵守武裝衝突法及國際法的相關規範，始可確保作戰行動的合法性及正當性。陸戰法規是一系列戰爭法規則和慣例的重要歷史淵源，為武裝衝突法之主體。隨著以規範交戰規則為主的海牙法體系與規範人道保護規則為主的日內瓦法體系逐漸整合，陸戰法規除規範作戰使用武器的規則外，其他有關交戰者、敵對行為及軍事佔領等規則均納入1949年日內瓦公約及1977年的兩項附加議定書。觀察國際社會對陸戰法規實踐的面向，除可從戰史例證中得到驗證外，尚可從童兵、地雷、武裝衝突遺留爆炸物處理及文化資產保護等議題，得以進一步瞭解陸戰法規實踐的全貌。要禁止利用童兵的行為，除了國家行為者應負履約義務外，對非國家行為者侵犯兒童權利行為的制止是當務之急，國際刑事法院應扮演更積極的角色。2003年波灣戰爭中，《禁雷公約》雖未能阻止伊拉克使用人員殺傷雷，但已顯示該公約對非締約國產生的隱性約束力，禁用人員殺傷雷的規範雖未完全實現，但已為多數國家認同，未來可能成為一項習慣國際法。《戰爭遺留爆炸物議定書》雖可為解決武裝衝突結束後平民所面臨的主要威脅提供一項法律制度，但因條約內容強制性不足，成效尚難顯現。目前對文化資深保護的重點在於免遭武裝衝突毀損為主要議題，因武裝衝突而流落異域之文化資產回復或返還，可能成為未來發展之主要議題。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | The Law of Armed Conflict has become one of the important means to win the international support for all belligerent. The army must comply with the Law of Armed Conflict in combat, in order to ensure the legitimacy of military operation. The law of war on land has its historical origins for regulations and customary of the Law of War, and also has codified as the main body of the Law of Armed Conflict. The Law of The Hague and the Law of Geneva have been gradually integrated. All these regulations of the law of war on land about combatant, hostilities and military occupation were included in the “Geneva Conventions of 1949” and two “Additional Protocols of 1977”, except the regulations of the use of the weapon.Observing the different aspects of the law of war on land in the international community from the cases above, furthermore, the issues of “Child Soldier”, “Landmine”, “Explosive Remnants of Armed Conflict” and “Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict”, can help to understand the full view of the practice of the law of war on land. For stopping the use of child soldiers, the obligation of convention should be executed by the state actors, the task of top priority should prevent the infringements of the right of child of the non-state actors, and the International Criminal Court should play a more positive role. In the “Gulf War 2003”, the rule, “Convention on Prohibition of Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Landmines and on Their Destruction”, although it has not prevent Iraq from the use of anti-personnel landmine, had showed the indistinct effect of the convention to the powers in the conflict that may not be parties to the convention. Although the rule of prohibition of use of anti-personnel mines has not completely realized, it had already been approved by most states, and may become one of the international customary in the future. The “Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War annexed to the “Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V to the 1980 Convention)” provided a legal protection for the civilian after the armed conflict. Its effect was still too difficult to manifest, because the force of provisions of the protocol were insufficient. The protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict focuses on exempting from the damage of cultural property at present, but the issue like how to recover the cultural properties which were pillaged in armed conflicts, would become the main theme in the foreseeable future. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧1第一節 研究動機與目的 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧1第二節 研究途徑、方法‧ ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧4第三節 研究範圍與限制 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧6第四節 研究架構 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧6第二章 陸戰法規之沿革‧‧ ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧8第一節 近代戰爭法起源與陸戰法規的形成 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧8第二節 陸戰法規「交戰者」規範之演進‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧18第三節 陸戰法規「敵對行為」規範之演進‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧30第四節 陸戰法規「軍事佔領」規範之演進‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧42第五節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧46第三章 陸戰法規在武裝衝突中之實踐‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧49第一節 「交戰者」規範之實踐‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ ‧‧‧ 49第二節 「作戰手段」規範之實踐‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧59第三節 「作戰方法」規範之實踐‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧66第四節 「軍事佔領」規範之實踐‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧71第五節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧76第四章 與陸戰法規相關之議題‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧79第一節 童兵‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧79第二節 地雷‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧87第三節 武裝衝突遺留爆炸物‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧93第四節 文化資產保護‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧99第五節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧108第五章 總結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧110第一節 結論‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧110第二節 建議‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧114參考書目‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧118附錄一：1907年陸戰法規和慣例公約‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧126附錄二：兒童權利公約關於兒童捲入武裝衝突的任擇議定書‧135附錄三：關於禁止使用、儲存、生產和轉讓人員殺傷雷及銷毀此種地雷的公約‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧140附錄四：戰爭遺留爆炸物議定書‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧149附錄五：武裝衝突情況下保護文化財產公約第二議定書‧‧‧153表目錄表1 主要武裝衝突區域分布統計表(1990-2003年)‧‧‧‧‧2表2 2005年地雷造成傷亡人員統計表‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 88表3 2005年1月至2006年6月受地雷影響的國家或地區‧‧‧89 | zh_TW |
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| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094922002 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 武裝衝突法 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 陸戰法規 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 童兵 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 地雷 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | The Law of Armed Conflict | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | The Law of War on Land | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Child Soldier | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Landmine | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 武裝衝突法中陸戰法規之理論與實踐 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
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| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 〈萬處考古點 千名美軍守不住 伊拉克古文物遭竊〉，台灣立報http://publish.lihpao.com/InternationalEducationNews/2005/09/03/05C09023/ | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 〈紅十字國際委員會擴大與私營軍事和安全公司的連絡〉。紅十字國際委員會，http://www.icrc.org/web/chi/sitechi0.nsf/html/6QL8XG | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 〈以軍在黎埋設的地雷炸傷多名排雷專家和醫生〉，新華網，貝魯特2006年11月25日電訊， http://news.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20061126/newgx4569061d-885673.shtml | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 〈讓我們終結人員殺傷雷的時代〉，紅十字國際委員會http://www.icrc.org/Web/chi/sitechi0.nsf/html/6QP47E | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 〈伊拉克戰爭對文化遺產造成的後果〉，文建會世界遺產知識網，http://wh.cca.gov.tw/tc/learning/learn_1_c.asp?learn_id=284 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 槍械詞匯。http://gunglossary.home.comcast.net/big5/chi_gun_dict_4.htm | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 貳、英文部分 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 一、官方文件 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Report of the UN Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict, 10 Nov. 2003. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict in the Sudan, 17 Aug. 2006. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict in Côte d’Ivoire, 25 Oct. 2006. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). ORD 37: Tax Strategy for 2003, 19 Sept. 2003. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). ORD 39: Foreign Investment, 26 June 2003. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). ORD 46: Amendment of CPA Order 39 on Foreign Investment, 20 Dec. 2003. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. General Assembly Resolution 610(VII), Korea: Reports of the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea, 3 Dec. 1952. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. General Assembly Resolution 2603(XXIV), Question of Chemical and Bacteriological (Biological) Weapons, 16 Dec. 1969. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. General Assembly Resolution 2849(XXVI), Development and Environment, 20 Dec. 1971. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. General Assembly Resolution 3264(XXIX), Prohibition of Action to Influence the Environment and Climate for Military and Other Purposes, Incompatible with the Maintenance of International Security, Human Well-being and Health, 9 Dec. 1974. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 242, the Situation in the Middle East, 22 Nov. 1967. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 1261, on the Children and Armed Conflict, 30 Aug. 1999. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 1314, on the Children and Armed Conflict, 11 Aug. 2000. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 1379, on the Children and Armed Conflict, 20 Nov. 2001. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 1460, on the Children and Armed Conflict, 30 Jan. 2003. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 1539, on the Children and Armed Conflict, 22 Apr. 2004. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | U.N. Security Council Resolution 1539, on the Children and Armed Conflict, 26 July 2005. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 二、專書 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Benvenisti, Eyal, The International Law of Occupation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Borrie, John, Explosive Remnants of War: A Global Survey (London: Landmine Action, 2003). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Boylan, Patrick J., Review of the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (Paris: UNESCO, 1993). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cave, Rosy, Anthea Lawson and Andrew Sherriff, Cluster Munitions in Albania and Lao PDR (Geneva: UNDIR, 2006). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Feilchenfeld, Ernst. H., The International Economic Law of Belligerent Occupation (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1942). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fischer, David. Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons: The Past and the Prospects (London: Routledge, 1992). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gasser, Hans-Peter. ‘International Humanitarian Law – An Introduction’, in Hans Haug (ed.), Humanity for All – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute, 1993), 22-71. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Glahn, Gerhard Von, The Occupation of Enemy Territory: A Commentary on the Law and Practice of Belligerent Occupation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1957). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Henkin, Louis, How Nations Behave: law and foreign policy (New York: Columbia University Press, 2nd edn., 1979). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ingrid, Detter, The Law of War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd edn., 2000). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mccoubry, H., International Humanitarian Law: the Regulation of Armed Conflicts (Hampshire: Gower Pub. Co., 1990). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McDougal, Myres S., and Florention P. Feliciano, Law and Minimum World Public Order : The Legal Regulation and International Coercion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Moyes, Richard (ed.), Foreseeable Harm: The Use and Impact of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon: 2006 (London: Landmine Action, 2006). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roberts, David Lloyd, The Law of Armed Conflict Teaching File for Instructors: Lesson 1 –Basic Knowledge (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 2002). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rogers, A. P. V., Law on the Battlefield (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rosas, Allan, The Legal Status of Prisoners of War: A Study in International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts (Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1976). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stone, Julius, Legal Controls of International Conflict: A Treatise on the Dynamics of Disputes and War-law (New York: Rinehart & Co., 1954). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Toman, Jiri, The Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (Paris: UNESCO, 1996). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Williams, Sharon A., The International and National Protection of Movable Cultural Property: A Comparative Study (New York: Oceana Publications, 1978). | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 三、期刊 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Aldrich, George H., ‘The Law of War on Land’, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 90, Issue 1 (Jan. 2000), 42- 63. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Clement, Etienne, ‘Some Recent Practical Experience in the Implementation of the 1954 Hague Convention’, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1994), 11-25. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dennis, Michael J., ‘Newly Adopted Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child’, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 94, No.4 (Oct. 2000), 789-796. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eirinberg, Keith W., ‘The United States Reconsiders the 1954 Hague Convention’, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1994), 25-35. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gerson, Allan, ‘War, conquered territory, and military occupation in the contemporary international legal system’, Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Summer 1977), 525-556. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goldblat, Jozef, ‘The Biological Weapons Convention - An overview’, International Review of the Red Cross, No. 318 (June 1997), 251-265. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Harbom, Lotta, & Wallensteen, Peter, ‘Armed Conflict and Its International Dimensions, 1946–2004’, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 42, No. 5 (Sept. 2005), 623-635. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kastenberg, Joshua E., ‘The Legal Regime for Protecting Cultural Property During Armed Conflict’, Air Force Law Review, Vol. 42 (1997), 277-305. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Meron, Theodor, ‘The Humanization of Humanitarian Law’, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 94 (Apr. 2000), 239-277. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Meyer, David A., ‘The 1954 Hague Cultural Property Convention and Its Emergence into Customary International Law’, Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 11 (1993), 349-376. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | O’Keefe, Roger, ‘The Meaning of “Cultural Property” under the 1954 Hague Convention’, Netherlands International Law Review, Vol. XLVI (1999), 26-56. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Oyer III, Harvey E., ‘The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict-Is it Working? A Case Study: The Persian Gulf War Experience’, Columbia-VLA Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 23 (1999), 62-84. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Scheffer, David, ‘Beyond Occupation Law’, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 97, No. 4 (Oct. 2003), 842-860. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sopf, Davor, ‘Temporary Protection in Europe After 1990: The ‘Right to Remain’ of Genuine Convention Refugees’, Washington University Journal of Law & Policy Vol.6 (2001), 109-156. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ticehurst, Rupert, ‘The Martens Clause and the Laws of Armed Conflict’, International Review of the Red Cross, (Apr. 1997), 125-134. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wright, Quincy, ‘The Meaning of the Pact of Paris’, American Journal of International Law, Vol.27, No.1 (Jan. 1933), 39-61. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zander, Jean Pascal, ‘The CWC in the Context of the 1925 Geneva Debates’, The Nonproliferation Review, Vol.3, No.3 (Spring-Summer 1996), 38-45. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 四、報紙 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Butcher, Tim, ‘Marines Plan the Siege of Basra’, Daily Telegraph, 31 Mar. 2003, p. 15. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Catán, Thomas, ‘Iraq Business Deals May Be Invalid, Law Experts Warn’, Financial Times/UK, 29 Oct. 2003, p. 12. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘Choosing Targets; Iraqi Fighters or Civilians? Hard Decision for Copters’, New York Times, 31 Mar. 2003, p. 5. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Weisman, Steven R., ‘US Set to Name Civilian to Oversee Iraq’, New York Times, 2 May 2003, p. 18. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 五、網際網路專文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Genser, Jared, ‘Drum beats louder for UN action on Burma’, The Nation http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/05/10/opinion/opinion_30003658.php | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wiseman, Paul, ‘Cluster Bombs Kill in Iraq, Even after Shooting Ends’. USA TODAY http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-12-10-cluster-bomb-cover_x.htm | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘Child Soldiers: Global Report 2004’, Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2004/csucs-glob-17nov.pdf | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘Infantry Conference Summary’, Infantry Online http://www.benning.army.mil/OLP/InfantryOnline/issue_39/art_255.htm | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘LM Report 2006’, Landmine Monitor, http://www.icbl.org/lm/2006/intro/survivor.html#fnB85 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘Landmine Charity MAG Clears Over One Million Mines and Bombs in Iraq Since the War and Says the Work Must Continue’, Relief Web http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACOS-64CPWU?OpenDocument | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘Off Target: The Conduct of the War and Civilian Casualties in Iraq’, Human Rights Watch http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/usa1203/5.htm | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘US/UK Report on the conduct of the Persian Gulf War’, http://www.ndu.edu/library/epubs/cpgw.pdf | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ‘World Decries Taleban Plan to Raze Age-old Buddhas’, CNN.com/WORLD http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/03/02/afghan.statues.03/index.html | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 六、參考網站 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 紅十字國際委員會網站http://www.icrc.org/web/chi/sitechi0.nsf/htmlall/section_ihl_databases?OpenDocument | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 聯合國Official Documents System of the United Nations http://www.un.org/chinese/documents/index.html | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 瑞典斯德哥爾摩和平研究中心http://www.sipri.org/contents/conflict/MAC_patterns.html | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 人權觀察 http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/usa1203/5.htm | zh_TW |
