Publications-Theses

題名 中共對聯合國干預制度之政策
China`s policy toward UN`s use of intervention
作者 許志吉
Hsiu, Chih-Ji
貢獻者 邱坤玄
Chiu, Kun-Shuan
許志吉
Hsiu, Chih-Ji
關鍵詞 聯合國
中共外交政策
干預
國際法庭
維和行動
制裁
投票行為
United Nations
Chinese foreign policy
intervention
international court
peacekeeping operation
sanction
voting behaviors
日期 2008
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 20:38:46 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文選擇聯合國最主要採取的三種干預制度:成立國際法庭、部署維和行動、以及實施制裁措施等,透過統計與分析中共在安理會中對於相關決議案的投票記錄與發言記錄,來探討聯合國採取這些干預措施的特性,以及中共對於這些干預制度的政策特性。我們可以發現到,雖然這三種干預制度都各自有不同的憲章依據,其實施對象與運作特徵也都有所差異,但從聯合國的實踐結果來看,這些措施作為安理會處理危及國際和平與安全情勢的工具,是被視為一套整體的實施策略來運用的。同時也發現到,中共的政策作為與策略考量,確實是展現了其所宣稱的「立場堅定,策略靈活」的特性,尤其是到了冷戰結束以後,對於聯合國的干涉議題上,中共的作為開始展現了更多的彈性,亦即對於聯合國干預措施,展現了更大的配合程度,顯現出中共對於這些議題的利弊得失策略已經有所轉變,將對於不干涉原則的堅持,轉而為要求聯合國在進行干預時,必須具有合法性。

聯合國所實施的干預措施,有其現實考量的必要性,但也都產生了關於侵犯國家主權與介入內部事務的疑慮,因此,對聯合國而言,對這些機制進行必要的改革,已經獲得極大的共識,而對在安理會擁有否決權力的五常任理事國而言,同樣肩負著如何增進聯合國行動的效率,以及維護國家體系運作的基本原則,尤其對中共而言,如何在建立負責任大國的形象,以及爭取國家利益方面獲得平衡,更是當前中共外交政策的重要課題。
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三、中文媒體
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文匯報
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美國之音中文網
貳、英文部分
一、英文書籍
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Mitrany, David. The Problem of International Sanctions. London: Oxford university press, 1925.
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Murphy, Sean D. Humanitarian Intervention: The United Nations in an Evolving World Order. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.
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Paxman, John and George Boggs eds. United Nations: A Reassessment-Sanctions, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Assistance. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1973.
Paolini, Albert J., Anthony P. Jarvis and Reus-Smit, Christian eds. Between Sovereignty and Global Governance: The United Nations, the State and Civil Society. New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998.
Paxman, John and George Boggs eds. United Nations: A Reassessment-Sanctions, Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Assistance. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1973.
Rikhye, Indar Jit and Kiell Skjelsbaek eds. The United Nations and Peacekeeping: Result, Limitations and Prospects: The Lessons of 40 Years of Experience. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1990.
Robinson, Thomas W. and David Shambaugh eds. Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 1994.
Rosner, Gabriella. The United Nations Emergency Force. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.
Sherwood, Robert E. Roosevelt and Hopkins: an Intimate History. New York: Bantam Books, 1948.
Shih, Chih-yu. China’s Just World. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publisher, Inc., 1993.
Simma, Bruno. The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 1995.
Simpson, J. A. and E. C. Weiner eds. The Oxford English Dictionary (second edition). New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Thakur, Ramseh. The United Nations, Peace and Security: From Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Totani, Yuma. The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: the Pursuit of Justice in the Wake of World War II. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations ed. General Guidelines for Peace-keeping. New York: United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 1995.
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations ed. Handbook on United Nations Multidimensional Peace-keeping Operations. New York: United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2003.
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations ed. United Nations Peace-keeping: Principles and Guidelines. New York: United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2008.
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_______ ed. About the United Nations. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1993.
_______ ed. The Blue Helmets—A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping (second edition). New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1990.
_______ ed. The Blue Helmets—A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping (third edition). New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1996.
_______ ed. A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility (report of the High-Level panel on Threats, Challenges and Changes). New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 2004.
United States Department of State ed. Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers, 1944(Vol. 1). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of State, 1944.
United Nations Institute for Training and Research ed. The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security. The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
Wallensteen, Peter, Carina Staibano and Mikael Eriksson eds. Making Targeted Sanctions Effective: Guidelines for the Implementation of UN Policy Options. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 2003.
Weiss, Thomas G., David Cortright, George A. Lopez, and Larry Minear eds. Political Gain and Civilian Pain: Humanitarian Impacts of Economic Sanctions. Lanham: Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1997.
Welsh, Jennifer ed. Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Willis, James F. Prologue to Nuremberg: the Politics and Diplomacy of Punishing War Criminals of the First World War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Wiseman Henry ed. Peacekeeping: Appraisals and Proposals. New York: International Peace Academy, 1983.
Wyngaert, Christine Van den ed. International Criminal Law: a Collection of International and European Instruments (second revised edition).The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
Young, Oran R. The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1967.
Zhang, Yongjin. China in International Society Since 1949: Alienation and Beyond. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc., 1998.
二、英文期刊
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Bannon, Alicia L. “the Responsibility to Protect: The UN World Summit and the Question of Unilateralism.” The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 115, Issue 5(March 2006), pp. 1157-1165.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif. “From Versailles to Rwanda in Seventy-Five Years: The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court.” Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 10(Spring 1997), pp. 11-62.
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Bloomfield, Lincoln P. “China, the United States, and the United Nations.” International Organization, Vol. 20, No. 4(Fall 1966), pp. 653-675.
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. “Empowering the United Nations.” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No. 5 (Winter 1992), pp. 89-102.
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Dobbie, Charles. “A Concept for Post-Cold War Peacekeeping.” Survival, Vol. 36, No.3 (Fall 1994), pp. 121-148.
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Gowlland-Debbas, Vera. “Security Council Enforcement Action and Issues of State Responsibility.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 43 (January 1994), pp. 55-98.
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Johnston, Alastair Iain. “Learning versus Adaptation: Explaining Change in Chinese Arms Control Policy in the 1980s and 1990s.” The China Journal, No. 35 (January 1996), pp. 27-61.
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三、英文媒體
The New York Times
Washington Post
Asiaweek
BBC News
Sudan Tribune
Reuters
描述 博士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
91260506
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912605061
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邱坤玄zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chiu, Kun-Shuanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許志吉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsiu, Chih-Jien_US
dc.creator (作者) 許志吉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsiu, Chih-Jien_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 20:38:46 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 20:38:46 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 20:38:46 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0912605061en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37062-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 東亞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91260506zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文選擇聯合國最主要採取的三種干預制度:成立國際法庭、部署維和行動、以及實施制裁措施等,透過統計與分析中共在安理會中對於相關決議案的投票記錄與發言記錄,來探討聯合國採取這些干預措施的特性,以及中共對於這些干預制度的政策特性。我們可以發現到,雖然這三種干預制度都各自有不同的憲章依據,其實施對象與運作特徵也都有所差異,但從聯合國的實踐結果來看,這些措施作為安理會處理危及國際和平與安全情勢的工具,是被視為一套整體的實施策略來運用的。同時也發現到,中共的政策作為與策略考量,確實是展現了其所宣稱的「立場堅定,策略靈活」的特性,尤其是到了冷戰結束以後,對於聯合國的干涉議題上,中共的作為開始展現了更多的彈性,亦即對於聯合國干預措施,展現了更大的配合程度,顯現出中共對於這些議題的利弊得失策略已經有所轉變,將對於不干涉原則的堅持,轉而為要求聯合國在進行干預時,必須具有合法性。

聯合國所實施的干預措施,有其現實考量的必要性,但也都產生了關於侵犯國家主權與介入內部事務的疑慮,因此,對聯合國而言,對這些機制進行必要的改革,已經獲得極大的共識,而對在安理會擁有否決權力的五常任理事國而言,同樣肩負著如何增進聯合國行動的效率,以及維護國家體系運作的基本原則,尤其對中共而言,如何在建立負責任大國的形象,以及爭取國家利益方面獲得平衡,更是當前中共外交政策的重要課題。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 1
第一節 研究動機與目的‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 1
第二節 研究途徑與研究方法‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 3
第三節 研究範圍與研究限制‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 7
第四節 文獻檢閱‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 8
第五節 研究架構‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 22

第貳章 中共的聯合國政策 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 25
第一節 中共對聯合國政策的發展過程‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 26
第二節 聯合國與國際干預 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 41
第三節 安理會的表決制度 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 53
第四節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 62

第參章 中共對國際法庭與國際刑事審判的政策‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧65
第一節 國際刑事審判的發展過程‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 65
第二節 國際刑事審判的發展現況‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 70
第三節 中共對於聯合國成立國際法庭的政策分析‧‧‧‧ ‧‧ 91
第四節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 96

第肆章 中共對聯合國維持和平行動的政策‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 99
第一節 維持和平行動的意涵、原則與運作類型‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 100
第二節 維持和平行動的發展過程‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 111
第三節 中共對於聯合國維持和平行動的政策分析‧‧‧‧‧‧ 115
第四節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 128

第伍章 中共對聯合國制裁制度的政策‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 130
第一節 制裁的意涵與聯合國的制裁制度‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 130
第二節 聯合國制裁制度的發展、種類與改革‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 139
第三節 中共對於聯合國制裁制度的政策分析‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 150
第四節 小結‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 160

第陸章 結論‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 163
第一節 聯合國三種干預制度的比較‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 163
第二節 中共參與聯合國干預制度的評估與比較 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧172

參考書目‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 182
附錄一 聯合國成立國際法庭的相關決議案與中共的投票結果‧‧‧ 199
附錄二 聯合國成立維和行動的相關決議案與中共的投票結果‧‧‧ 200
附錄三 聯合國成立制裁措施的相關決議案與中共的投票結果‧‧‧ 214
附錄四 聯合國憲章(節錄)‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧219

圖 表 目 錄
頁次
表2-1 中共要求取代國民政府在聯合國及其附屬機構致電聯合國
(1949~1950)‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 27
表2-2 中共要求聯合國處理美國「侵略」中國、台灣、朝鮮的電文
(1949~1950) ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧28
表2-3 中共簽訂對外條約中,內容提及尊重聯合國憲章
(1949~1964)‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 29
表2-4 安理會常任理事國行使否決權的情況 (1945-2009) ‧‧‧‧‧ 40
表2-5 聯合國主要機構對於議案之投票表決方式‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 56
表2-6 程序事項與實質事項的分類‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 57
表3-1 國際刑事法院受理案件列表‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 84
表4-1 90年代以來維和決議案援引憲章第七章的數量‧‧‧‧‧‧ 109
表4-2 安理會在各時期成立維和行動與通過維和決議案的數量‧‧ 112
表4-3 不同類型維和行動的成立時間統計‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 115
表4-4 中共在各時期對於維和相關決議案的投票結果‧‧‧‧‧‧ 123
表4-5 90年代以來中共對維和決議案投棄權與反對票的案例‧‧‧ 124
表4-6 前南斯拉夫地區維和相關決議案內容有涉及憲章第七章
條文‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 127
表5-1 國際人權條約中關於保護人民生存發展權利的規定‧‧‧‧ 136
表5-2 制裁的種類‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 144
表5-3 安理會實施制裁案例的具體項目‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 146
表5-4 中共在各時期對於制裁相關決議案的投票結果‧‧‧‧‧‧ 153
表6-1 90年代以來聯合國干預機制相關決議案援引憲章第七章的
數量‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 165
表6-2 實施維和與制裁行動次數多於一次的國家‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 167
表6-3 各時期安理會通過關於干預措施的決議案總數‧‧‧‧‧‧ 169
表6-4 安理會實施兩種以上干預措施的情況‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 170
表6-5 中共在各時期對於聯合國制裁制度的投票行為‧‧‧‧‧ 174
圖4-1 安理會在各時期成立維和行動的區域分佈‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 113
圖4-2 安理會在各時期成立維和行動的衝突型態與任務特質‧‧‧ 114
圖4-3 70年代中共在安理會的投票結果比較‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 122
圖5-1 安理會在各時期通過的制裁次數 ‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 142
圖6-1 安理會在各時期實施三種干預措施的次數‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧‧ 169
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912605061en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聯合國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中共外交政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 干預zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際法庭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 維和行動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制裁zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投票行為zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) United Nationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese foreign policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) interventionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) international courten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) peacekeeping operationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) sanctionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) voting behaviorsen_US
dc.title (題名) 中共對聯合國干預制度之政策zh_TW
dc.title (題名) China`s policy toward UN`s use of interventionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文書籍zh_TW
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