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題名 電腦輔助句子重組試題編製
Computer assisted test item generation for sentence reconstruction
作者 黃志斌
Huang, Chih Bin
貢獻者 劉昭麟
Liu, Chao Lin
黃志斌
Huang, Chih Bin
關鍵詞 電腦輔助語文教學
文法學習輔助
句子重組練習
連結樹句法
computer assisted language learning
grammar learning assistance
scrambled sentence reconstruction
tree-adjoining grammars
日期 2008
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 12:11:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文提供了一個句子重組試題編製的環境，協助教師編製句子重組試題，同時學生也能夠在此編製環境中練習句子重組試題。
句子重組試題即是要求學生把試題給的一組詞彙組合成特定詞序的正確語句之題型，該試題類型可以檢驗學生對於句型和文法的知識。然而試題所給的詞彙集合往往除了可以組合成教師想要學生回答的正確語句之外，也可以組合成其它的合法語句。為了能辨識學生的回答，把這些合法語句以人工方式逐一建置為答案卻對出題教師造成了負擔。
我們建構了一個電腦輔助句子重組試題編製的環境來減輕出題教師的負擔。為了讓電腦可以恰當地判斷學生的回答，我們的編製環境限制了試題詞彙集的相對位置，藉此約束學生只能排出教師預設的特定答案。同時在出題教師建置試題答案時，我們的編製環境也試圖提供所有可能的合法詞序之語句，供出題教師參考。但本論文的研究經驗顯示要自動協助出題教師預示所有可能的合法詞序之語句卻是一件艱難的工作，而且這一研究問題與語法學有密切關係。
本論文以基礎詞組為主軸，透過合併詞組和史丹佛剖析器的操作建構出英文句子重組試題編製環境，供教師編輯與學生練習。同時，我們在論文中也提報了中文句子重組試題編製環境的初步探討。
This thesis presents a computer assisted environment for authoring test items for sentence reconstruction. Not only the teacher can author the test items for sentence reconstruction, but also the student can practice the test items in this environment.
A test item for sentence reconstruction asks the student to arrange the shuffled words in a correct order, and this type of tests can examine the knowledge of sentence patterns and grammars of the student. However, the rearranged sentence may match with not only the correct sentence that the teacher wants but also other sentences which are legal. But enumerating all possible legal and acceptable answers for judging the answer of the student manually makes the teacher taking a big load.
We construct a computer assisted environment for authoring test items for sentence reconstruction to lighten the load of the teacher. For the purpose of judging the answer of the student by a computer easily, the relative locations of the words are restricted so that we can restrict the sentences that the student arranges. When the teacher provides the correct answers, we try to find and return all of the sentences which may be legal for the teacher`s consideration. However, our experience shows that it is difficult to find all of the legal sentences for a given set of words, and this problem associates closely with a certain syntactic research work.
This thesis depends on basic word groups to construct an environment of test item authoring for English sentence reconstruction by merging word groups and using the Stanford Parser, and report an initial study of an environment of test item preparation for Chinese sentence reconstruction.
參考文獻 [1] An implementation of a recognizer, parser and probabilistic parser for Context Free Grammars (CFGs). http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/distrib/ckycfg/readme.html [Last visited on 2009/06/20].
[2] T. Becker, A. K. Joshi, and O. Rambow. Long distance scrambling and Tree Adjoining Grammars, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 21-26, 1991.
[3] C.-M. Gao. Influence of contexts on vocabulary testing, US-China Education Review, 4(7), 42-46, 2007.
[4] HowNet. http://www.keenage.com [Last visited on 2009/01/04].
[5] A. K. Joshi. An Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars, Mathematics of Language, 1987.
[6] D. Jurafsky and J. H. Martin, Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall, 2000.
[7] D. Lin. Principle-based parsing without overgeneration, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, 112-120, 1993.
[8] C.-L. Liu, C.-H. Wang, and Z.-M Gao. Using lexical constraints to enhance computer-generated multiple-choice cloze items, International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 10(3), 303-328, 2005.
[9] M.-S. Lu, Y.-C. Wang, J.-H. Lin, C.-L. Liu, Z.-M. Gao, and C.-Y. Chang. Supporting the translation and authoring of test items with techniques of natural language processing, Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, 12(3), 234-242, 2008.
[10] C. D. Manning and H. Schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, the MIT Press, 1999.
[11] M. F. Porter. An algorithm for suffix stripping, Program, 14(3), 130-137, 1980.
[12] The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group. Stanford Log-linear Part-Of-Speech Tagger. http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml [Last visited on 2009/05/10].
[13] The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group. The Stanford Parser: A statistical parser. http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml [Last visited on 2009/05/10].
[14] Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page [Last visited on 2009/01/04].
[15] 中研院一詞泛讀。http://elearning.ling.sinica.edu.tw/introduction.html [最後瀏覽日期為2009/01/04]。
[16] 中研院中文剖析系統。http://parser.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ [最後瀏覽日期為2009/06/19]。
[17] 史馥銘。利用自然語言處理技術之英文試卷自動出題，電腦與通訊，第112期，第70到74頁，2005年6月。
[18] 台灣成德國小英語檢測練習網頁。http://w3.ctps.tp.edu.tw/today/teacher/hotexam/index.htm [最後瀏覽日期為2009/01/04]。
[19] 林仁祥及劉昭麟。國小國語科測驗卷出題輔助系統，2007台灣網際網路研討會論文集，論文光碟，2007。
[20] 侯妤青。智慧型題庫模型建構之探討，碩士論文，國立彰化師範大學，2001。
[21] 香港宣道會葉紹蔭紀念小學中文科網上學習網頁。http://www.casyymps.edu.hk/IT/Internet-Learning/chinese/chinese.htm [最後瀏覽日期為2009/01/04]。
[22] 陳佳吟、柯明憲、吳紫葦及張俊盛。電腦輔助英文文法出題系統，第十七屆自然語言與語音處理研討會論文集，2005。http://www.aclclp.org.tw/rocling/2005/M11.pdf [最後瀏覽日期為2009/07/08]。
[23] 黃國禎、朱蕙君、陳佐霖、王姿婷、曾秋蓉及黃國豪。線上自律學習輔助系統之研究與實證，科學教育學刊，第十五卷第三期，第317頁到334頁，2007年。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
96753014
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096753014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉昭麟zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Chao Linen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃志斌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Chih Binen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃志斌zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Chih Binen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 12:11:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 12:11:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 12:11:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096753014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37118-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96753014zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文提供了一個句子重組試題編製的環境，協助教師編製句子重組試題，同時學生也能夠在此編製環境中練習句子重組試題。
句子重組試題即是要求學生把試題給的一組詞彙組合成特定詞序的正確語句之題型，該試題類型可以檢驗學生對於句型和文法的知識。然而試題所給的詞彙集合往往除了可以組合成教師想要學生回答的正確語句之外，也可以組合成其它的合法語句。為了能辨識學生的回答，把這些合法語句以人工方式逐一建置為答案卻對出題教師造成了負擔。
我們建構了一個電腦輔助句子重組試題編製的環境來減輕出題教師的負擔。為了讓電腦可以恰當地判斷學生的回答，我們的編製環境限制了試題詞彙集的相對位置，藉此約束學生只能排出教師預設的特定答案。同時在出題教師建置試題答案時，我們的編製環境也試圖提供所有可能的合法詞序之語句，供出題教師參考。但本論文的研究經驗顯示要自動協助出題教師預示所有可能的合法詞序之語句卻是一件艱難的工作，而且這一研究問題與語法學有密切關係。
本論文以基礎詞組為主軸，透過合併詞組和史丹佛剖析器的操作建構出英文句子重組試題編製環境，供教師編輯與學生練習。同時，我們在論文中也提報了中文句子重組試題編製環境的初步探討。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis presents a computer assisted environment for authoring test items for sentence reconstruction. Not only the teacher can author the test items for sentence reconstruction, but also the student can practice the test items in this environment.
A test item for sentence reconstruction asks the student to arrange the shuffled words in a correct order, and this type of tests can examine the knowledge of sentence patterns and grammars of the student. However, the rearranged sentence may match with not only the correct sentence that the teacher wants but also other sentences which are legal. But enumerating all possible legal and acceptable answers for judging the answer of the student manually makes the teacher taking a big load.
We construct a computer assisted environment for authoring test items for sentence reconstruction to lighten the load of the teacher. For the purpose of judging the answer of the student by a computer easily, the relative locations of the words are restricted so that we can restrict the sentences that the student arranges. When the teacher provides the correct answers, we try to find and return all of the sentences which may be legal for the teacher`s consideration. However, our experience shows that it is difficult to find all of the legal sentences for a given set of words, and this problem associates closely with a certain syntactic research work.
This thesis depends on basic word groups to construct an environment of test item authoring for English sentence reconstruction by merging word groups and using the Stanford Parser, and report an initial study of an environment of test item preparation for Chinese sentence reconstruction.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究方法與成果 3
1.3 論文架構 5
2. 第二章 相關文獻回顧 6
2.1 電腦輔助出題的回顧 6
2.2 句子重組的回顧 8
3. 第三章 架構功能與介面 12
3.1 使用者介面 12
3.1.1 編輯介面 14
3.1.2 練習介面 16
3.2 設計架構 18
3.3 功能元件 20
3.3.1 史丹佛詞類標記器 20
3.3.2 史丹佛剖析器 22
3.3.3 中研院中文剖析系統 25
3.3.4 CYK剖析器 28
4. 第四章 英文句子重組試題編製 30
4.1 文法擷取 30
4.2 基礎詞組與重組句的關聯 33
4.3 基礎詞組分析 34
4.4 合併詞組 36
4.5 利用機率分數篩選重組句 40
4.6 錨字決策 41
4.7 實驗設計 44
4.7.1 篩選時間的比較實驗 44
4.7.2 文法集的比較實驗 46
4.7.3 篩選門檻值的比較實驗 53
4.7.4 合併詞組的比較實驗 59
4.7.5 篩選門檻值與合併詞組的綜合實驗 60
5. 第五章 中文句子重組試題編製 62
5.1 文法擷取 62
5.2 中文的重組句 65
5.3 錨字決策 66
5.4 實驗設計 67
6. 第六章 結論與未來展望 72
6.1 結論 72
6.2 未來展望 73
7. 參考文獻 75
8. 附錄甲 Penn Treebank Tags的Bracket Labels 78
9. 附錄乙 中研院平衡語料庫詞類標記集 80
10.附錄丙 篩選時間實驗的測試語料 81
11.附錄丁 文法集分析之語料 85
12.附錄戊 九組英文重組句組 87
13.附錄己 十組中文重組句組 89
14.附錄庚 九字八區塊的七組英文重組句組 91
15.附錄辛 九個字的重組句組 92		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096753014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電腦輔助語文教學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文法學習輔助zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 句子重組練習zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 連結樹句法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) computer assisted language learningen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) grammar learning assistanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) scrambled sentence reconstructionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tree-adjoining grammarsen_US
dc.title (題名) 電腦輔助句子重組試題編製zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Computer assisted test item generation for sentence reconstructionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] An implementation of a recognizer, parser and probabilistic parser for Context Free Grammars (CFGs). http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/distrib/ckycfg/readme.html [Last visited on 2009/06/20].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [2] T. Becker, A. K. Joshi, and O. Rambow. Long distance scrambling and Tree Adjoining Grammars, Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 21-26, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [3] C.-M. Gao. Influence of contexts on vocabulary testing, US-China Education Review, 4(7), 42-46, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [4] HowNet. http://www.keenage.com [Last visited on 2009/01/04].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [5] A. K. Joshi. An Introduction to Tree Adjoining Grammars, Mathematics of Language, 1987.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [6] D. Jurafsky and J. H. Martin, Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition, Prentice Hall, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [7] D. Lin. Principle-based parsing without overgeneration, Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, 112-120, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [8] C.-L. Liu, C.-H. Wang, and Z.-M Gao. Using lexical constraints to enhance computer-generated multiple-choice cloze items, International Journal of Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing, 10(3), 303-328, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [9] M.-S. Lu, Y.-C. Wang, J.-H. Lin, C.-L. Liu, Z.-M. Gao, and C.-Y. Chang. Supporting the translation and authoring of test items with techniques of natural language processing, Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, 12(3), 234-242, 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [10] C. D. Manning and H. Schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, the MIT Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [11] M. F. Porter. An algorithm for suffix stripping, Program, 14(3), 130-137, 1980.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [12] The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group. Stanford Log-linear Part-Of-Speech Tagger. http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/tagger.shtml [Last visited on 2009/05/10].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [13] The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group. The Stanford Parser: A statistical parser. http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml [Last visited on 2009/05/10].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [14] Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page [Last visited on 2009/01/04].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [15] 中研院一詞泛讀。http://elearning.ling.sinica.edu.tw/introduction.html [最後瀏覽日期為2009/01/04]。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [16] 中研院中文剖析系統。http://parser.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ [最後瀏覽日期為2009/06/19]。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [17] 史馥銘。利用自然語言處理技術之英文試卷自動出題，電腦與通訊，第112期，第70到74頁，2005年6月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [18] 台灣成德國小英語檢測練習網頁。http://w3.ctps.tp.edu.tw/today/teacher/hotexam/index.htm [最後瀏覽日期為2009/01/04]。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [19] 林仁祥及劉昭麟。國小國語科測驗卷出題輔助系統，2007台灣網際網路研討會論文集，論文光碟，2007。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [20] 侯妤青。智慧型題庫模型建構之探討，碩士論文，國立彰化師範大學，2001。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [21] 香港宣道會葉紹蔭紀念小學中文科網上學習網頁。http://www.casyymps.edu.hk/IT/Internet-Learning/chinese/chinese.htm [最後瀏覽日期為2009/01/04]。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [22] 陳佳吟、柯明憲、吳紫葦及張俊盛。電腦輔助英文文法出題系統，第十七屆自然語言與語音處理研討會論文集，2005。http://www.aclclp.org.tw/rocling/2005/M11.pdf [最後瀏覽日期為2009/07/08]。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [23] 黃國禎、朱蕙君、陳佐霖、王姿婷、曾秋蓉及黃國豪。線上自律學習輔助系統之研究與實證，科學教育學刊，第十五卷第三期，第317頁到334頁，2007年。zh_TW