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題名 從志願到徵兵—二次世界大戰期間台灣的動員
Conscription Versus Volunteerism: Taiwan`s Commitment to WWII
作者 鄭柏力
Cowsill, Patrick
貢獻者 周惠民
Chou, Whei-Ming
鄭柏力
Cowsill, Patrick
關鍵詞 志願
徵兵
動員
同化
教育
媒體
volunteerism
conscription
mobilization
assimilation
education
media
日期 2008
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 12:39:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 no
This thesis paper tracks the development of the draft in Taiwan leading up to the Second World War and through its conclusion. In the mobilization of Taiwan as part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, many factors played a role in first encouraging and then pressing the Taiwanese population into service, including the propagation of mass paranoia labeled spy fever, Japanifized education policies, assimilation projects, general media stresses, social organization allowing for a police state, economics and the weight of Taiwan’s own unique frontier history. All of the routes created a certain frenzied (for lack of a better word) atmosphere and deserve attention in understanding the processes that led young Taiwanese males, and females, to first volunteer in the Imperial Japanese Army, Navy and Air Force and then comply to institutionalized conscription. The story of these individuals remains overlooked in the current reconstruction of Taiwan’s history. The era has been overshadowed by the turbulent events following the Second World War and the landing of half a million Chinese immigrants in Taiwan upon defeat in China. This corner of Taiwan’s history is still inappropriately relegated to the sidelines.

With the Second World War generation and in particular the 200,000 who served both in Taiwan and overseas as volunteers and conscripts beginning to die off, the need to get their first-hand accounts recorded and preserved for posterity is pressing. In maintaining their information and stories, the interested historian can do service by adding to the historical record. Knowing this, “From Volunteerism to Conscription: The Mobilization of Taiwan for the Second World War” does not seek to score political points in plotting such a course. The thesis paper simply attempts to better comprehend the mechanisms that worked to pit Taiwan against her ancestral China and to comment on the plight of the survivors, bringing up their influence on Taiwan today. So, this paper will delve into 13 years of history, from 1932 to 1945, when Taiwan sat at the side of Japan as a colonial possession, and did its part in an unprecedented modern territorial expansion. The thesis paper wants to explain more about those who served, and why their service and its outcome might remain relevant in shaping Taiwan’s story at this very moment.
參考文獻 Bibliography
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Allen, Oliver. Abandoned on Bataan: One Man’s Story of Survival. Boerne: Crimson
Horse Entertainment & Publishing Company. 2002
Allport, G. W. The Nature of Prejudice. Boston: The Beacon Press. 1954.
“Aboriginal Moments by Era”. Atayal: A Non-Profit Organization. http://www.atayal.org/History9.asp (accessed May 4th, 2009).
“Battle of the Midway: Naval History & Heritage Command”. NHHC Hompage.
from http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq81-1.htm (accessed June 16th, 2008).
Beasley, W.G. Japanese Imperialism 1894 – 1945. New York: Oxford University Press. 1987.
Brit, Laurence. “Fascism Anyone? Council for Secular Humanism”. Free Inquiry Magazine. Vol. 23, June 2004.
http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=britt_23_2 (accessed June 12th, 2009).
Campbell, W.M. Formosa Under the Dutch. Soho: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. 1903
Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking. London: Penguin Books. 1997.
Chuang, Kung-ju. (2005, August). “The Fading Song of Rabual: Taiwanese Veterans of Japanese Military Service.” Taiwan Panorama. August 2005. http://www.sinorama.com.tw/en/show_issue.php?id=200589408080e.txt&table=2&h1=History+and+Civilization&h2=Taiwan+History# (accessed January 29th, 2009).
Chen, Edward. “Japanese Colonialism in Korea and Formosa: A Comparison of the Systems of Political Control”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Vol. 30. 1970, 126-158.
Chen, Jacky. “Voices from a Buried Past – The Takasago Volunteers”. Taiwan Panorama. March 1993.
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Cheng, H.M. “Kinkaseki POW Camp”. 漁人碼頭的戰爭 - Battle of Fisherman’s Wharf. http://danshuihistory.blogspot.com/2009/06/kinkaseki-pow-camp.html (accessed June 15th, 2009).
Cheng, H.M. Letters: A Personal Correspondence on Taiwan during WWII between H.M. Cheng and Patrick Cowsill, 2007 – 2009.
Cheng, H.M. “Red Sheets”. 神靖丸 Blogspot. http://shinseimaru.blogspot.com/2008/04/blog-post.html (accessed on April 12th, 2008).
Ching, Leo T.S. Becoming Japanese. Los Angeles: University of California Press. 2001.
Cowsill, James A. Oh! My Aching Back. Condensed from 900 letters written by James Cowsill to his wife, Virginia, while in the US Air Force, WWII. 1945.
Cowsill, Patrick. “Double Ten Day in Taiwan”. Patrick Cowsill, Wunhau, Taiwan Blogspot. http://patrick-cowsill.blogspot.com/2007/10/taiwanese-in-japanese-imperial-army.html (accessed February 3rd , 2009).
Cowsill, Patrick. “Taiwanese Not Forced to Serve”. Patrick Cowsill, Wanhua Taiwan Blogspot. http://patrick-cowsill.blogspot.com/2007/06/on-may-31st-2007-taiwans-former.html (accessed May 29th, 2009).

Daugherty, Leo. J. & Kelman, Richand. Fighting Techniques of a Japanese Infantryman in World War II: Training, Techniques and Weapons. St. Paul: Amber Books, Ltd. 2002.
Daws, Gavan. Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of World War II in the Pacific. New York: Quill. 1994.
Drea, Edward, et al. Researching Japanese War Crimes Records. 2002. http://www.archives.gov/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/introductory-essays.pdf (accessed September 3rd, 2007).
Dyer, Gwynne. “The Dyer Outlook.” Dan Carlin’s Hardcore History Podcast. http://cdn1.libsyn.com/dancarlinhh/dchha25_The_Dyer_Outlook.mp3?nvb=20090127064751&nva=20090128065751&t=0cbff432e3f1d3b5b3170 (accessed January 22nd, 2009).
Dyess, William E. Bataan Death March: A Survivor’s Account. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 1944.
Edwards, Jack. Banzai You Bastards. Hong Kong: The Pioneer Printers Ltd. 1994.
Frisch, Michael. A Shared Authority: Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral and Public History. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1990.
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“Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field”. U.N. – Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/qgenev1.htm (accessed November 16th, 2005).
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Grajdanzev, A.J. (September, 1942). “Formosa (Taiwan) under Japanese Control”. Pacific Affairs. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 311-324.
“The History: The Worldwide Voice of the Tribes of Taiwan”. Atayal. http://www.atayal.org/History9.asp (accessed May 2nd, 2009).

Hoare, Michael. “Taiwan’s Darker Past: Emerging Histories of the World-war II Prisoner of War Camps”. March 2006. European Association for Taiwan Studies: Paris. http://www.soas.ac.uk/taiwanstudies/eats/eats2006/46414.pdf (accessed December 1st, 2008).
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Jacobsen, Gene S. We Refused to Die: My Time as a Prisoner of War in Bataan and Japan, 1942-1945. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press. 2004.

Jacoby, Neil H. U.S. Aid to Taiwan. Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers. 1966.
Jarman, Robert L., ed. Taiwan: Political and Economic Reports – 1861-1960, Volume 7: 1924-1941. Slough: British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. 1997.
Keating, Jerome F. and Lin, April C. Island in the Stream. A Quick Case Study of Taiwan’s Complex History. Taipei: SMC Publishing. 2005.
Keliher, Macabe. Out of China, or Yu Yonghe’s Tales of Formosa. Taipei: SMC Publishing, Inc. 2003
Kato, Kunihiko. The Consequences of Universal Brotherhood. Tokyo: Keso Shobo. 1979.
Katz, Paul R. “Colonial State and Local Society in Southern Taiwan: The Historical Background of the Ta-pa-ni Incident of 1915”. Taipei: Academia Sinica. 2003.

Kerr, George. “Colonial Laboratory”. Far Eastern Survey. Institute of Pacific Relations. Vol. 11, No. 4. February 23rd, 1942, pp. 50-55.

Kerr, Geoge. Formosa Betrayed. London: John Dickens & Co Ltd. 1965.
Lawton, Manny. Some Survived. An Eyewitness Account of the Bataan Death March and the Men Who Lived Through It. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. 1984.
Liao, Ping-hui and Wang, David Der-wei, ed. Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945: History, Culture, Memory. New York: Columbia University Press. 2006.
Ludtke, Alf. The History of Everyday Life. Trans. by William Templer. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press: Princeton. 2006.
Magnusson, Sigurdur Gylfi. “What Is Microhistory?” George Mason University’s History News Network: Because the Past is the Present, and the Future Too. http://hnn.us/articles/23720.html (accessed January 1st, 2009).
Marx, Karl. “Summary Transition: Non-Contemporaneity and Obligation to Its Dialectic”. Heritage of Our Times. Trans. by Neville and Stephen Place: Berkeley. 1990, pp. 97-148.
Munslow, Alun. Deconstructing History. New York: Routledge. 1997.
Oakeshott, Michael. Experience and Its Modes. Cambridge: Cambridge University. 1993.
Oakeshott, Michael. On History and other Essays. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1983.
Peng, Ming-min. A Taste of Freedom. Taipei: Taiwan Publishing Co. 1972.
Phho-waris. The Unseasonable Blooming of the Musha Red Blossoms. Tokyo: Kyobunsha. 1988.
Rabinbach, A. “The Reader, the Popular Novel and the Imperative to Participate: Reflections on Public and Private Experience in the Third Reich”. History and Memory. Vol. 3, No. 2. 1991, pp. 5-45.
Reid, Richard. “Laden, Fevered, Starved: The POWs of Sandakan, North Borneo 1945”. Sandakan. http://www.far-eastern-heroes.org.uk/john_wanless/html/sandakan.htm (accessed June 17th, 2009).
Ritter, Kurt and Medhurst, Michael J. Presidential Speechwriting: From The New Deal To The Reagan Revolution And Beyond. College Station: Texas A & M Press. 2004.
Ross, John. “The Hell Camp of Kinkaseki”. Formosan Odyssey: Taiwan Past and Present. 2002. http://www.romanization.com/books/formosan_odyssey/kinkaseki.html (accessed December 2nd, 2005).
Roy, Denny. Taiwan: A Political History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2003.
Ross, John. Formosan Odyssey. Taipei: Self-published. 2002.
Shepherd, John Robert. Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier – 1600-1800. Taipei: SMC Publishing, Inc. 1993.
Shih, Cheng-feng. “Imagining Taiwan: Nation, Ethnicity, and Narrative”. Council for Cultural Affairs. Taipei: Executive Yuan. 2004, pp. 251-80.
Titherington, Arthur. Kinkaseki: One Day at a Time. Weltevredenpark: Cavos Day Books. 2000.
Trefalt, Beatrice. Japanese Army Stragglers and the Memories of War in Japan, 1950 – 1975. Florence, Kentucky: Routledge. 2003
Tzeng, Shih-jung. From Honto Jin to Bensheng Ren: The Origin and Development of Taiwanese National Consciousness. Lanham: University of America Press. 2009.
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Wang, Hong-zen. “Class Structures and Social Mobility in Taiwan in the
Initial Post-War Period”. The China Journal. Contemporary China Center, Australian National University, No. 48. 2002, pp. 55-68.
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神靖丸: 紀念不幸陣亡的台灣醫師和醫療人員: Shinsei Maru Roster. http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=dfgkv8bx_10hm84hkg4&hl=en (accessed January 30th, 2009).
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(May 26, 2009). 新竹縣北埔鄉濟化宮. http://shinseimaru.blogspot.com/2009/05/blog-post.html (accessed June 10th, 2009).
許昭榮. <動盪時代的無奈 台籍老兵血淚故事 >. 南投市: 國史館台灣文獻館. 2005.
臺灣歷史辭典. 七畫. 李光輝. http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/website/site20/contents/007/cca220003-li-wpkbhisdict001166-0377-u.xml (accessed May 21st, 2009).

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
台灣史研究所
94924021
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0949240211
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 周惠民zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chou, Whei-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄭柏力zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Cowsill, Patricken_US
dc.creator (作者) 鄭柏力zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Cowsill, Patricken_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 12:39:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 12:39:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 12:39:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0949240211en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37192-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 台灣史研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94924021zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) nozh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis paper tracks the development of the draft in Taiwan leading up to the Second World War and through its conclusion. In the mobilization of Taiwan as part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, many factors played a role in first encouraging and then pressing the Taiwanese population into service, including the propagation of mass paranoia labeled spy fever, Japanifized education policies, assimilation projects, general media stresses, social organization allowing for a police state, economics and the weight of Taiwan’s own unique frontier history. All of the routes created a certain frenzied (for lack of a better word) atmosphere and deserve attention in understanding the processes that led young Taiwanese males, and females, to first volunteer in the Imperial Japanese Army, Navy and Air Force and then comply to institutionalized conscription. The story of these individuals remains overlooked in the current reconstruction of Taiwan’s history. The era has been overshadowed by the turbulent events following the Second World War and the landing of half a million Chinese immigrants in Taiwan upon defeat in China. This corner of Taiwan’s history is still inappropriately relegated to the sidelines.

With the Second World War generation and in particular the 200,000 who served both in Taiwan and overseas as volunteers and conscripts beginning to die off, the need to get their first-hand accounts recorded and preserved for posterity is pressing. In maintaining their information and stories, the interested historian can do service by adding to the historical record. Knowing this, “From Volunteerism to Conscription: The Mobilization of Taiwan for the Second World War” does not seek to score political points in plotting such a course. The thesis paper simply attempts to better comprehend the mechanisms that worked to pit Taiwan against her ancestral China and to comment on the plight of the survivors, bringing up their influence on Taiwan today. So, this paper will delve into 13 years of history, from 1932 to 1945, when Taiwan sat at the side of Japan as a colonial possession, and did its part in an unprecedented modern territorial expansion. The thesis paper wants to explain more about those who served, and why their service and its outcome might remain relevant in shaping Taiwan’s story at this very moment.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract…………………………………………………………………… iii

Table of Contents………………………………………………………… vi

Chapter One……………………………………………………………… 1
Motivation and Direction
Introduction……………………………………………………………...... 1
1.1. Framework of Research…………………………………………. 5
1.2 Literature Review……………………………………………….. 7
1.3 Overview of Methodology………………………………………. 19
1.3.1 Focus……………………………………………………….. 19
1.3.2 Separating History from Anthropology……………………. 20
1.3.3 The History of Everyday People…………………………… 21
1.3.4 Why a Reconstruction?.......................................................... 22
1.3.5 De-centering of Analysis and Interpretation……………….. 23
1.3.6 Likely Sources……………………………………………… 24

Chapter Two
Taiwan under a Shroud: Social Landscape and the Spirit of
Volunteerism and Conscription…………………………………………. 26
Introduction………………………………………………………………... 26
2.1 Social Control in Colonial Taiwan: The General Mood…………. 29
2.2 Shifting Priorities in Japan’s Taiwan…………………………….. 31
2.3 Spy Fever………………………………………………………… 33
2.4 The Spirit of Volunteerism………………………………………. 36
2.4.1 General Call to Service…………………………………….. 36
2.4.2 Call to Service on Ethnic Lines……………...…………….. 39
2.5 Education………………………………………………………… 40

Chapter Three
The Mobilization of Taiwan for the Second World War ……………... 44
Introduction………………………………………………………………... 44
3.1 Opening the Door for Volunteerism and Conscription………….. 47
3.2 Volunteers within Taiwan…………………………….………… 50
3.3 Volunteers Abroad……………………………………………… 52
3.4 Unofficial Conscription…………………………………………. 57
3.5 Kominka: All-out Assimilation…………………………………. 59
3.6 Official Conscripion…………………………………………….. 63
3.6.1 Getting the Process Underway…………………………… 63
3.6.2 Conscription inside Taiwan………………………………. 66
3.6.3 Conscription outside Taiwan……………………………... 72

Chapter Four
Enforcement: Keeping the Conveyer Belt Moving…………………….. 79



Introduction……...………………………………………………………… 79
4.1 Boajia System…………………………………………………… 80
4.2 Propoganda……………………………………………………… 82
4.3 Martial (Police) State……………………………………………. 86
4.4 Resistance..……………………………………………………… 89

Chapter Five
The Long Road Home…………………………...………………………. 94
Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 94
5.1 Stranded Taiwanese Servicemen and Women...…………………. 97
5.2 The Role of Veterans in 2-28…………………………………….. 100

Chapter Six
Introduction………………………….......................................................... 103
6.1 Distinctiveness of Taiwanese Conscription…………………….. 104
6.2 Final Thoughts…...……………………………………………… 106

Bibliography
English………………………………………………………………….. 108
Chinese (Simplified)…………………….……………………………… 112
Chinese (Traditional) …………………………………………………... 113		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0949240211en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 志願zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 徵兵zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動員zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 同化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 媒體zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) volunteerismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) conscriptionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mobilizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) assimilationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) educationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mediaen_US
dc.title (題名) 從志願到徵兵—二次世界大戰期間台灣的動員zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Conscription Versus Volunteerism: Taiwan`s Commitment to WWIIen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliographyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) English Sourceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allen, Oliver. Abandoned on Bataan: One Man’s Story of Survival. Boerne: Crimsonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Horse Entertainment & Publishing Company. 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allport, G. W. The Nature of Prejudice. Boston: The Beacon Press. 1954.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Aboriginal Moments by Era”. Atayal: A Non-Profit Organization. http://www.atayal.org/History9.asp (accessed May 4th, 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Battle of the Midway: Naval History & Heritage Command”. NHHC Hompage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) from http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq81-1.htm (accessed June 16th, 2008).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beasley, W.G. Japanese Imperialism 1894 – 1945. New York: Oxford University Press. 1987.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brit, Laurence. “Fascism Anyone? Council for Secular Humanism”. Free Inquiry Magazine. Vol. 23, June 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=britt_23_2 (accessed June 12th, 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Campbell, W.M. Formosa Under the Dutch. Soho: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. 1903zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking. London: Penguin Books. 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chuang, Kung-ju. (2005, August). “The Fading Song of Rabual: Taiwanese Veterans of Japanese Military Service.” Taiwan Panorama. August 2005. http://www.sinorama.com.tw/en/show_issue.php?id=200589408080e.txt&table=2&h1=History+and+Civilization&h2=Taiwan+History# (accessed January 29th, 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Edward. “Japanese Colonialism in Korea and Formosa: A Comparison of the Systems of Political Control”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Vol. 30. 1970, 126-158.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Jacky. “Voices from a Buried Past – The Takasago Volunteers”. Taiwan Panorama. March 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.sino.gov.tw/en/show_issue.php?id=199938803078E.TXT&table=2&cur_page=2&distype (accessed March 19th, 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng, H.M. “Kinkaseki POW Camp”. 漁人碼頭的戰爭 - Battle of Fisherman’s Wharf. http://danshuihistory.blogspot.com/2009/06/kinkaseki-pow-camp.html (accessed June 15th, 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng, H.M. Letters: A Personal Correspondence on Taiwan during WWII between H.M. Cheng and Patrick Cowsill, 2007 – 2009.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng, H.M. “Red Sheets”. 神靖丸 Blogspot. http://shinseimaru.blogspot.com/2008/04/blog-post.html (accessed on April 12th, 2008).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ching, Leo T.S. Becoming Japanese. Los Angeles: University of California Press. 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cowsill, James A. Oh! My Aching Back. Condensed from 900 letters written by James Cowsill to his wife, Virginia, while in the US Air Force, WWII. 1945.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cowsill, Patrick. “Double Ten Day in Taiwan”. Patrick Cowsill, Wunhau, Taiwan Blogspot. http://patrick-cowsill.blogspot.com/2007/10/taiwanese-in-japanese-imperial-army.html (accessed February 3rd , 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cowsill, Patrick. “Taiwanese Not Forced to Serve”. Patrick Cowsill, Wanhua Taiwan Blogspot. http://patrick-cowsill.blogspot.com/2007/06/on-may-31st-2007-taiwans-former.html (accessed May 29th, 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
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