1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Social Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 召集委員的性別權力模式-以第五屆立法院為例
作者 藍文君
貢獻者 楊婉瑩
藍文君
關鍵詞 性別
權力
召集委員
權力行使模式
日期 2007
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 13:21:16 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以立法院委員會召集委員的權力行使為研究主軸，主要探討在委員會議中，召集委員擔任會議主席所展現的權力行使行為，以及影響其行為的各項因素。首先針對影響召集委員權力行使的各項因素進行t檢定、變異數分析以及多重比較，檢視性別相關及非性別相關因素與召委權力行使行為的關係，以了解影響召委權力行使的重要因素。接著利用立法院公報對召委權力行使行為做文本分析，再針對影響召委權力行使的兩大類因素對合併後的依變數(召委的權力行使模式分數)做多元直線迴歸分析之普通最小平方法(OLS)分析，藉由模型的建立來加以檢證並估計各個變數對於召委權力行使模式的影響程度。
研究結果發現法案來源、委員會性別比例、召委對法案的態度、法案性質及組織文化這五個變數對於召委的權力行使有影響，說明了影響召委權力行使模式的因素除了來自於性別相關因素，也受到組織環境因素的影響，其中又以法案性質因素和組織環境因素為最重要，顯示召委的權力行使模式已經跳脫過去強調生理性別的刻板印象，而取決於條件式的因素，尤其是和性別有關的變數，更是扮演著重要的角色。
參考文獻 一、中文部份(依姓氏筆劃由少至多排列)
王石番
1991 《傳播內容分析法：理論與實證》，二版，台北：幼獅出版社。
王雅各
1999 《台灣婦女解放運動史》，台北：巨流圖書公司。
李美枝、鍾秋玉
1996 〈性別與性別角色析論〉，本土心理學研究，6：260-299。
林小鳳
2003 「性別組成對衝突處理的影響」，國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
林瑞雯
2003 「立法院委員會與黨團協商制度之研究（1999-2002）」，國立台灣大學國家發展研究所碩士論文。
吳昌錫
1995 「立法院常設委員會功能之硏究」，東海大學公共行政硏究所碩士論文。
盛杏湲
2000 〈立法委員為什麼遊走在不同的委員會？〉，林繼文編，《政治制度》：
361-399。台北：中央研究院。
梁雙蓮
1994 〈超越對立走向整合—評析石之瑜｢女性主義論憲政民主｣〉，社會科學論叢，42：25-30。
黃秀端
2000 〈立法院內不同類型委員會的運作方式〉，東吳政治學報，11：35-70。
2001 〈立法院委員會制度糾謬―立法效率與品質為何不好〉，當代，53：86-97。
黃長玲
2001 〈婦女保障名額到性別比例原則— 兩性共治的理論與實踐〉，問題與研究，40(3)：69-82。
黃煥榮
2000 「組織中玻璃天花板效應之研究」，國立政治大學公共行政研究所博士論文。
2005 〈組織中戀情關係之理論探討：研究命題與整合性分析架構之建立〉，行政暨政策學報，41：115-148。
黃麗香
1999 ｢國會政黨的組織誘因與立法團結：以第二屆立法院為例的探討｣，東吳大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
黃麗蓉
1996 「組織中的女性領導」，國立政治大學公共行政硏究所碩士論文。
黃競涓
2001 「女性主義在臺灣政治學研究的困境－漠視與矛盾」，香港社會科學學報，19：91-114。
曾濟群
1976 《立法院常設委員會之研究》。台北：正中。
曾濟群、王元廷
2003 〈立法院常設委員會運作之評析〉，中山人文社會科學期刊，(1)： 1-26。
張麗春、李怡娟
2004 〈賦權概念分析〉，護理雜誌，51(2):84-90。
楊日青
1992 《立法院常設委員會之結構與功能分析》。台北：行政院國家科學委
員會科資中心。
楊婉瑩
2000 〈婦女的政治機會結構析論〉，國立中山大學社會科學季刊，2(4):65-96。
2001a 〈由民主代議政治的理論與實踐檢視性別比例原則〉，人文及社會科學集刊，13(3)：305-344。
2001b 〈性別差異下的立法院〉，政治科學論叢，15：135-169。
2002 〈立法院委員會的決策角色：以第三屆立法院為例〉，問題與研究，41(4)：83-113。
2003 〈台灣與美國國會委員會：結構功能比較〉，楊日青主編，《兩岸立法政策與立法運作》：317-357。台北：韋伯。
鄭勝元
2005 「立法院召集委員議程設定之硏究 : 以政黨為核心之分析」，國立政治大學政治硏究所碩士論文。
蕭怡靖
2005 〈我國立法院資深制度之探討－委員會遊走及召集委員會資深度之變
遷〉，政治科學論叢，25：105-134。
二、英文部分(依字母順序排列)
Blair, D. D. and J. R. Stanley
1991 “Personal Relationships and Legislative Power: Male and Female Perceptions.”Legislative Studies Quarterly,16(4):495-507
Budd, R. W. et al.
1967 Content Analysis of Communication. New York: Macmillan.
Burns, J. M.
1978 Leadership. Harper & Row. New York.
Carroll, S. J.
1985 “Women as Candidates in American Politics.”Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Case, S. S.
1994 “Gender Difference in Communication and Behavior in Organization.”In Women In Management: Current Research Issues, ed. Marilyn J. Davidson and Ronald J. Burke. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Carroll, S. J., D. L. Dodson, and R. B. Mandel
1991 The Impact of Women in Public Office: CAWP.
Chou, Bih-er, C. Clark, and J. Clark
1990 “Women in Taiwan politics : overcoming barriers to women`s participation in a modernizing society.”Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
Clark, J., R. Darcy, S. Welch, and M. Ambrosius
1985 “Women as Legislative Candidates in Six States.”In Political Women: Current Roles in State and Local Government,ed. J. A. Flammang. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Correa, M. E., E. Klein, W. Stone, J. Astrachan, E. Kossek, and M. Komarraju
1988 “Reaction to Women in Authority：The Impact of Gender on Learning in Group Relations Conferences.”Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 24:219-233
Dahl, R.
1957 “The Concept of Power.”Behavioral Science,2:201-215
Dahlerup, D.
1986 “The New women`s movement : feminism and political power in Europe and the USA London.”Beverly Hills : Sage.
1988 “From a Small to a Large Minority.”Scandinavian Political Studies, 11:275-299.
Darcy, R., S. Welch, and J. Clark
1987 “Women, Elections, and Representation.”New York:Longman.
Diamond, I.
Diamond, I.
1977 “Sex Roles in the State House.”New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Duerst-Lahti, G. and R. M. Kelly
1995 “Gender power, leadership, and governance.”University of Michigan Press.
1995 “On Governance, Leadership, and Gender.”In Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.
Dodson, D. L. and S. J. Carroll
1991 “Reshaping the Agenda：Women in State Lgislatures.”New Brunswick, NJ：Center for the American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute, Rutgers University.
Eagly, A. H. and B. T. Johnson
1990 “Gender and Leadership Style：A Meta-analysis.”Psychological Bulletin, 108:233-256
Eagly, A. H. and W. Wood
2000 “A Call to Recognize the Breadth of Evolutionary Perspectives: Sociocultural Theories and Evolutionary Psychology.” Psychological Inquiry,11(1):52-55.
Elshtain, J. B.
1995 “Stories and Political Life.”PS: Political Science and Politics 28(2):196-197
Epstein, C.F.
1983 Women in the Law. NY:Anchor.
Fiedler, F. E.
1969 Leadership: a New Model, Leadership. Gibb, C. A. (Ed.). Baltimore,
Maryland: Penguin Books, Inc., p.231.
Flammang, J. A.
1985 “Female Officials in the Feminist Capital: The Case of Santa Clara County.”The Western Political Quarterly,38(1):94-118
Freire, P.
1973 “Education for Critical Consciousness.”New York: The Seabury Press.
Galligan, C.
1982 “In a Different Voice.”Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Gehlen., F. L.
1977 “Women Members of Congress: A Distinctive Role.”in M. Githens and J. Prestage(eds.) A Portrait of Marginality. New York: Mckay.
Gertzog, I. N.
1984 “Congressional Women: Their Recruitment, Treatment, and Behavior.”New York: Praeger.
Hatch, M. J.
1993 “The Dynamics of Organizational Culture” Academy of Management Review, 18(4):457-463.
Huddy, L.
1994 “The Political Significance of Voters’ Gender Stereotypes.”Research in Micropolitics,4:169-193.
Jewell, M. E. and M. L. Whicker
1993 “The Feminization of Leadership in State Legislatures.”PS: Political Science and Politics,26(4):705-712
1994 “Legislative Leadership in the American States.”University of Michigan Press.
Johnson, M. and S. Carroll
1978 “Statistical Report：Profile of Women Holding Office,1977.”In Women in Public Office：A Biographical Directory and Statistical Analysis,ed. Center for the American Women and Politics.Metuchen,NJ：Scarecrow Press.
Johnson, C.
1993 “Gender and Formal Authority.”Social Psychology Quarterly, 56(3):193-210
Johnson, P.
1976 “Women and Power: Towards a Theory of Effectiveness.”Journal of Social Issues, 32:99-110.
Jones , B. D., ed.
1989 “Leadership and Politics.”Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
Kanter, R. M.
1977 “Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women.”The American Journal of Sociology, 82(5):65-990.
Kathlene, L.
1989 “Uncovering the Political Impacts of Gender: An Exploratory Study.”The Western Political Quarterly ,42(2): 397-421.
1994 “Power and Influence in State Legislative Policymaking: The Interaction of Gender and Position in Committee Hearing Debates.”The American Political Science Review,88(3):560-576.
1995 “Position Power versus Gender Power：Who Holds the Floor？”In Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press
Kelly, R. M., M. A. Saint-Germain, and J. D. Horn
1991 “Female Public Oficials: A Different Voice?”Annals of the American Academy of the Political and Social Science 1991.
Kelly, R. M. and G. Duerst-Lahti
1995 “Toward gender awareness and gender balance in leadership and governance.” In Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
Kenny, L. W. and W. L. Francis
1996 “Position Shifting in Pursuit of Higher Office.”American Journal of Political Science,40(3) :768-786.
Kirkpatrick, J. J.
1974 “Political Women.”NY: Basic Books.
Krippendorff , K.
1980 Content Analysis:An Introduction to Its Methodology. Beverly Hills, California: Sage.
Lipman-Blumen, J.
1984 “Gender Roles and Power.”Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Luttrell, W.
1995 “The Teachers, They All Had Their Pets’: Concepts of Gender, Knowledge, and Power.”In Rethinking the Political: Gender, Resistance, and State, ed. Barbara Laslett, Johanna Brenner, and Yesim Arat. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Mayhew, D.
1974 “Congress: The Electoral Connection. ” New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Mainiero, L. A.
1989 Office Romance: Love, Power, and Sex in the Workplace. Rawson Associate, New York, NY.
Mandel, R.
1981 “In the Running: The New Woman Candidate.”New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Mattei, L. R. W.
1998 “Gender and Power in American Legislative Discourse.”The Journal of Politics,60(2):440-461
Mezey, S. G.
1978 “Support for Women’s Right’s Policy.”American Political Quarterly, 6:485-497.
Mezey, S. G.
1978 “Does Sex Make a Difference? A Case Study of Women in Politics.”The Western Political Quarterly,31(4):492-501.
1980 “The Effects of Sex on Recruitment: Local Connecticut Offices.”In Women in Local Politics, ed. Debra W. Stewart. Metchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
Muller, C.
1982 “Feminism and the New Women in Public Office.”Women and Politics, 2:7-21
Norton, N.
1995 “Women, It’s Not Enough to Be Elected: Committee Position Makes a Difference.”in Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.
Ragins, B. R. and E. Sundstrom
1989 “Gender and Power in Organizations: A Longitudinal Perspective.”Psychological Bulletin,105:51-88.
Randall, V.
1987 “Women and Politics.”Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Reingold , B.
1992 “Concepts of Representation among Female and Male State Legislators.” Legislative Studies Quarterly,17(4):509-537
1996 “Conflict and cooperation：legislative strategies and concepts of power among female and male state legislators.”The Journal of Politics, 58(2):464-485
Reskin, B.
1988 “Bringing the Men Back In: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women’s Work.”Gender and Society, 2:58-81.
Rhode, D. L.
1990 “Theoretical Perspective on Sexual Difference.”in Theoretical Perspective on Sexual Difference, D. L. Rhode ed.,New Haven: Yale Uiversity Press.
Rosenthal, C. S.
1998 “Determinants of Collaborative Leadership：Civic Engagement, Gender or Organizational Norms？”Political Research Quarterly,51(4):847-868
Saint-Germain, M. A.
1989 “Does Their Difference Make a Difference? The Impact of Women on Public Policy in the Arizona Legislature.”Social Science Quarterly, 70:956-968.
Smith, S. S. and C. J. Deering
1990 Committees in Congress. Second ed. Washington, D.C.：Congressional Quarterly Press.
Tamerius, K. L.
1993 “Does Sex Matter? Women Representing Women’s Interests in Congress.”Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
Tannen, D.
1990 “You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation.”New York: Ballantine Books.
Thomas, S. and S. Welch
1991 “The Impact of Gender on Activities and Priorities of State Legislators.”The Western Political Quarterly,44(2):445-456
Thomas, S.
1991 “The Impact of Women on State Legislative Policies.”The Journal of Politics, 53(4):958-976
1994 How women legislate. New York : Oxford University Press.
Welch, S.
1978 “Recruitment of Women to Public Office: A Discriminant Analysis.”The Western Political Quarterly,31(3):372-380.
Yoder, J. D.
1991 “Rethinking Tokenism：Looking beyond Numbers.”Gender and
Society, 5(2):178-192.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
政治研究所
93252016
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093252016
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊婉瑩zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 藍文君zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 藍文君zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 13:21:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 13:21:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 13:21:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093252016en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37380-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 政治研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93252016zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以立法院委員會召集委員的權力行使為研究主軸，主要探討在委員會議中，召集委員擔任會議主席所展現的權力行使行為，以及影響其行為的各項因素。首先針對影響召集委員權力行使的各項因素進行t檢定、變異數分析以及多重比較，檢視性別相關及非性別相關因素與召委權力行使行為的關係，以了解影響召委權力行使的重要因素。接著利用立法院公報對召委權力行使行為做文本分析，再針對影響召委權力行使的兩大類因素對合併後的依變數(召委的權力行使模式分數)做多元直線迴歸分析之普通最小平方法(OLS)分析，藉由模型的建立來加以檢證並估計各個變數對於召委權力行使模式的影響程度。
研究結果發現法案來源、委員會性別比例、召委對法案的態度、法案性質及組織文化這五個變數對於召委的權力行使有影響，說明了影響召委權力行使模式的因素除了來自於性別相關因素，也受到組織環境因素的影響，其中又以法案性質因素和組織環境因素為最重要，顯示召委的權力行使模式已經跳脫過去強調生理性別的刻板印象，而取決於條件式的因素，尤其是和性別有關的變數，更是扮演著重要的角色。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機………………………………………………. 1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………. 4
第三節 研究流程與章節安排…………………………………. 5

第二章 文獻回顧與理論
第一節 性別與權力……………………………………………. 9
第二節 召集委員的權力與行使……………………………… 15
第三節 性別化權力行使模式的型態與解釋………………… 27

第三章 研究方法與設計
第一節 理論基礎與研究假設………………………………… 37
第二節 研究方法與變數建構………………………………… 52
第三節 分析單位與研究範圍………………………………… 61

第四章 影響召集委員權力行使之因素
第一節 性別相關因素之影響………………………………… 65
第二節 非性別相關因素之影響……………………………… 74
第三節 小結…………………………………………………… 90

第五章 召委權力行使模式之模型檢證
第一節 召委權力行使行為差異之文本分析………………… 95
第二節 依變數測量之穩定性檢證………………………….. 103
第三節 召委權力行使模式之模型檢證…………………….. 108
第四節 小結………………………………………………….. 112

第六章 結論
第一節 研究發現…………………………………………… 113
第二節 檢討與建議………………………………………… 118

參考文獻……………………………………………………………. 121

附錄一 本研究所有變數之次數分配表………………………….. 131
附錄二 各會期各委員會法案供給量及其類別………………….. 137
附錄三 第五屆各委員會召集委員名冊………………………….. 138		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 49850 bytes-
dc.format.extent 104758 bytes-
dc.format.extent 68003 bytes-
dc.format.extent 117820 bytes-
dc.format.extent 229105 bytes-
dc.format.extent 356089 bytes-
dc.format.extent 353071 bytes-
dc.format.extent 292931 bytes-
dc.format.extent 128572 bytes-
dc.format.extent 212047 bytes-
dc.format.extent 186096 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093252016en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 召集委員zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力行使模式zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 召集委員的性別權力模式-以第五屆立法院為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份(依姓氏筆劃由少至多排列)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王石番zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 《傳播內容分析法：理論與實證》，二版，台北：幼獅出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王雅各zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1999 《台灣婦女解放運動史》，台北：巨流圖書公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝、鍾秋玉zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1996 〈性別與性別角色析論〉，本土心理學研究，6：260-299。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林小鳳zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2003 「性別組成對衝突處理的影響」，國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林瑞雯zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2003 「立法院委員會與黨團協商制度之研究（1999-2002）」，國立台灣大學國家發展研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳昌錫zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 「立法院常設委員會功能之硏究」，東海大學公共行政硏究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 盛杏湲zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000 〈立法委員為什麼遊走在不同的委員會？〉，林繼文編，《政治制度》：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 361-399。台北：中央研究院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 梁雙蓮zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 〈超越對立走向整合—評析石之瑜｢女性主義論憲政民主｣〉，社會科學論叢，42：25-30。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃秀端zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000 〈立法院內不同類型委員會的運作方式〉，東吳政治學報，11：35-70。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001 〈立法院委員會制度糾謬―立法效率與品質為何不好〉，當代，53：86-97。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃長玲zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001 〈婦女保障名額到性別比例原則— 兩性共治的理論與實踐〉，問題與研究，40(3)：69-82。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃煥榮zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000 「組織中玻璃天花板效應之研究」，國立政治大學公共行政研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2005 〈組織中戀情關係之理論探討：研究命題與整合性分析架構之建立〉，行政暨政策學報，41：115-148。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃麗香zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1999 ｢國會政黨的組織誘因與立法團結：以第二屆立法院為例的探討｣，東吳大學政治學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃麗蓉zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1996 「組織中的女性領導」，國立政治大學公共行政硏究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃競涓zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001 「女性主義在臺灣政治學研究的困境－漠視與矛盾」，香港社會科學學報，19：91-114。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾濟群zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1976 《立法院常設委員會之研究》。台北：正中。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾濟群、王元廷zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2003 〈立法院常設委員會運作之評析〉，中山人文社會科學期刊，(1)： 1-26。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張麗春、李怡娟zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2004 〈賦權概念分析〉，護理雜誌，51(2):84-90。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊日青zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1992 《立法院常設委員會之結構與功能分析》。台北：行政院國家科學委zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 員會科資中心。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊婉瑩zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000 〈婦女的政治機會結構析論〉，國立中山大學社會科學季刊，2(4):65-96。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001a 〈由民主代議政治的理論與實踐檢視性別比例原則〉，人文及社會科學集刊，13(3)：305-344。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001b 〈性別差異下的立法院〉，政治科學論叢，15：135-169。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2002 〈立法院委員會的決策角色：以第三屆立法院為例〉，問題與研究，41(4)：83-113。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2003 〈台灣與美國國會委員會：結構功能比較〉，楊日青主編，《兩岸立法政策與立法運作》：317-357。台北：韋伯。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭勝元zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2005 「立法院召集委員議程設定之硏究 : 以政黨為核心之分析」，國立政治大學政治硏究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭怡靖zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2005 〈我國立法院資深制度之探討－委員會遊走及召集委員會資深度之變zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 遷〉，政治科學論叢，25：105-134。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文部分(依字母順序排列)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blair, D. D. and J. R. Stanleyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 “Personal Relationships and Legislative Power: Male and Female Perceptions.”Legislative Studies Quarterly,16(4):495-507zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Budd, R. W. et al.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1967 Content Analysis of Communication. New York: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burns, J. M.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1978 Leadership. Harper & Row. New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carroll, S. J.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1985 “Women as Candidates in American Politics.”Bloomington: Indiana University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Case, S. S.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 “Gender Difference in Communication and Behavior in Organization.”In Women In Management: Current Research Issues, ed. Marilyn J. Davidson and Ronald J. Burke. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carroll, S. J., D. L. Dodson, and R. B. Mandelzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 The Impact of Women in Public Office: CAWP.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chou, Bih-er, C. Clark, and J. Clarkzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1990 “Women in Taiwan politics : overcoming barriers to women`s participation in a modernizing society.”Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, J., R. Darcy, S. Welch, and M. Ambrosiuszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1985 “Women as Legislative Candidates in Six States.”In Political Women: Current Roles in State and Local Government,ed. J. A. Flammang. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Correa, M. E., E. Klein, W. Stone, J. Astrachan, E. Kossek, and M. Komarrajuzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1988 “Reaction to Women in Authority：The Impact of Gender on Learning in Group Relations Conferences.”Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 24:219-233zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dahl, R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1957 “The Concept of Power.”Behavioral Science,2:201-215zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dahlerup, D.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1986 “The New women`s movement : feminism and political power in Europe and the USA London.”Beverly Hills : Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1988 “From a Small to a Large Minority.”Scandinavian Political Studies, 11:275-299.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Darcy, R., S. Welch, and J. Clarkzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1987 “Women, Elections, and Representation.”New York:Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Diamond, I.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Diamond, I.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1977 “Sex Roles in the State House.”New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duerst-Lahti, G. and R. M. Kellyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “Gender power, leadership, and governance.”University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “On Governance, Leadership, and Gender.”In Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dodson, D. L. and S. J. Carrollzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 “Reshaping the Agenda：Women in State Lgislatures.”New Brunswick, NJ：Center for the American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute, Rutgers University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eagly, A. H. and B. T. Johnsonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1990 “Gender and Leadership Style：A Meta-analysis.”Psychological Bulletin, 108:233-256zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eagly, A. H. and W. Woodzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000 “A Call to Recognize the Breadth of Evolutionary Perspectives: Sociocultural Theories and Evolutionary Psychology.” Psychological Inquiry,11(1):52-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Elshtain, J. B.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “Stories and Political Life.”PS: Political Science and Politics 28(2):196-197zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Epstein, C.F.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1983 Women in the Law. NY:Anchor.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fiedler, F. E.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1969 Leadership: a New Model, Leadership. Gibb, C. A. (Ed.). Baltimore,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maryland: Penguin Books, Inc., p.231.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Flammang, J. A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1985 “Female Officials in the Feminist Capital: The Case of Santa Clara County.”The Western Political Quarterly,38(1):94-118zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freire, P.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1973 “Education for Critical Consciousness.”New York: The Seabury Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Galligan, C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1982 “In a Different Voice.”Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gehlen., F. L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1977 “Women Members of Congress: A Distinctive Role.”in M. Githens and J. Prestage(eds.) A Portrait of Marginality. New York: Mckay.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gertzog, I. N.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1984 “Congressional Women: Their Recruitment, Treatment, and Behavior.”New York: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hatch, M. J.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1993 “The Dynamics of Organizational Culture” Academy of Management Review, 18(4):457-463.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huddy, L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 “The Political Significance of Voters’ Gender Stereotypes.”Research in Micropolitics,4:169-193.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jewell, M. E. and M. L. Whickerzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1993 “The Feminization of Leadership in State Legislatures.”PS: Political Science and Politics,26(4):705-712zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 “Legislative Leadership in the American States.”University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, M. and S. Carrollzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1978 “Statistical Report：Profile of Women Holding Office,1977.”In Women in Public Office：A Biographical Directory and Statistical Analysis,ed. Center for the American Women and Politics.Metuchen,NJ：Scarecrow Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1993 “Gender and Formal Authority.”Social Psychology Quarterly, 56(3):193-210zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, P.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1976 “Women and Power: Towards a Theory of Effectiveness.”Journal of Social Issues, 32:99-110.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jones , B. D., ed.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 “Leadership and Politics.”Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kanter, R. M.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1977 “Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women.”The American Journal of Sociology, 82(5):65-990.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kathlene, L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 “Uncovering the Political Impacts of Gender: An Exploratory Study.”The Western Political Quarterly ,42(2): 397-421.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 “Power and Influence in State Legislative Policymaking: The Interaction of Gender and Position in Committee Hearing Debates.”The American Political Science Review,88(3):560-576.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “Position Power versus Gender Power：Who Holds the Floor？”In Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Presszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kelly, R. M., M. A. Saint-Germain, and J. D. Hornzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 “Female Public Oficials: A Different Voice?”Annals of the American Academy of the Political and Social Science 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kelly, R. M. and G. Duerst-Lahtizh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “Toward gender awareness and gender balance in leadership and governance.” In Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kenny, L. W. and W. L. Franciszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1996 “Position Shifting in Pursuit of Higher Office.”American Journal of Political Science,40(3) :768-786.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirkpatrick, J. J.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1974 “Political Women.”NY: Basic Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krippendorff , K.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1980 Content Analysis:An Introduction to Its Methodology. Beverly Hills, California: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lipman-Blumen, J.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1984 “Gender Roles and Power.”Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Luttrell, W.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “The Teachers, They All Had Their Pets’: Concepts of Gender, Knowledge, and Power.”In Rethinking the Political: Gender, Resistance, and State, ed. Barbara Laslett, Johanna Brenner, and Yesim Arat. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mayhew, D.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1974 “Congress: The Electoral Connection. ” New Haven and London: Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mainiero, L. A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 Office Romance: Love, Power, and Sex in the Workplace. Rawson Associate, New York, NY.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mandel, R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1981 “In the Running: The New Woman Candidate.”New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mattei, L. R. W.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1998 “Gender and Power in American Legislative Discourse.”The Journal of Politics,60(2):440-461zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mezey, S. G.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1978 “Support for Women’s Right’s Policy.”American Political Quarterly, 6:485-497.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mezey, S. G.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1978 “Does Sex Make a Difference? A Case Study of Women in Politics.”The Western Political Quarterly,31(4):492-501.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1980 “The Effects of Sex on Recruitment: Local Connecticut Offices.”In Women in Local Politics, ed. Debra W. Stewart. Metchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Muller, C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1982 “Feminism and the New Women in Public Office.”Women and Politics, 2:7-21zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Norton, N.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “Women, It’s Not Enough to Be Elected: Committee Position Makes a Difference.”in Gender power, leadership, and governance, ed. by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly, Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ragins, B. R. and E. Sundstromzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 “Gender and Power in Organizations: A Longitudinal Perspective.”Psychological Bulletin,105:51-88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Randall, V.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1987 “Women and Politics.”Chicago: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reingold , B.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1992 “Concepts of Representation among Female and Male State Legislators.” Legislative Studies Quarterly,17(4):509-537zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1996 “Conflict and cooperation：legislative strategies and concepts of power among female and male state legislators.”The Journal of Politics, 58(2):464-485zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reskin, B.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1988 “Bringing the Men Back In: Sex Differentiation and the Devaluation of Women’s Work.”Gender and Society, 2:58-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rhode, D. L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1990 “Theoretical Perspective on Sexual Difference.”in Theoretical Perspective on Sexual Difference, D. L. Rhode ed.,New Haven: Yale Uiversity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenthal, C. S.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1998 “Determinants of Collaborative Leadership：Civic Engagement, Gender or Organizational Norms？”Political Research Quarterly,51(4):847-868zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Saint-Germain, M. A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 “Does Their Difference Make a Difference? The Impact of Women on Public Policy in the Arizona Legislature.”Social Science Quarterly, 70:956-968.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smith, S. S. and C. J. Deeringzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1990 Committees in Congress. Second ed. Washington, D.C.：Congressional Quarterly Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tamerius, K. L.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1993 “Does Sex Matter? Women Representing Women’s Interests in Congress.”Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tannen, D.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1990 “You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation.”New York: Ballantine Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thomas, S. and S. Welchzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 “The Impact of Gender on Activities and Priorities of State Legislators.”The Western Political Quarterly,44(2):445-456zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thomas, S.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 “The Impact of Women on State Legislative Policies.”The Journal of Politics, 53(4):958-976zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 How women legislate. New York : Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Welch, S.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1978 “Recruitment of Women to Public Office: A Discriminant Analysis.”The Western Political Quarterly,31(3):372-380.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yoder, J. D.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 “Rethinking Tokenism：Looking beyond Numbers.”Gender andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Society, 5(2):178-192.zh_TW