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題名 Workers` rights and the free trade agreement between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Nicaragua
作者 劉梅玲
Montero, Mayling
貢獻者 劉梅君
Liu, Mei Chun
劉梅玲
Montero, Mayling
關鍵詞 Free Trade Agreement
Nicaragua
Taiwan
Labor Clause
Workers` Rights
日期 2007
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 13:56:30 (UTC+8)
摘要 Supporters of free trade argue that one of its benefits is to increase wellbeing and enhance respect for workers’ rights. Nevertheless, this will not happen unless concrete requirements concerning such protection are inserted within the actual agreements. This thesis argues that trade agreements should include labor provisions that provide effective protection for core labor rights and that those rights are enforced by the Parties.
     
     In the case of Taiwan, it has signed Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras; but only in the FTA with Nicaragua, a Labor Chapter (No. 18) has been introduced in the accord. It follows the United States- Dominican Republic- Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) design, and the signatories agree to enforce their own domestic labor laws and reaffirm their commitment to the internationally recognized labor rights.
     
     However, the language of the agreement is merely aspirational, directing Parties to strive to improve their laws, but providing no effective reward or sanction in this reward.
參考文獻  Agreement Between the United State of America and the Hashemite Kingdom Jordan on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area; signed in October 24, 2000.
http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral/Jordan/asset_upload_file250_5112.pdf
 Aidt, Toke & Tzannatos, Zafiris. Unions and Collective Bargaining: Economic Effects in a Global Environment (Directions in Development). World Bank Publications. May, 2003.
 AMCHAM. Doing Business in Nicaragua 2006-07. American Chamber of Commerce of Nicaragua.
 Andrews, Edmund. Bush Administration Will Ask China to Agree to Broad Limits on Clothing Exports. The New York Times, pp. C3. August 2, 2005.
 Avin, Rose-Marie. Free Trade Zones and Women in Nicaragua: Exploitation or Empowerment? Wisconsin Coordinating Council on Nicaragua (WCCN). 2002.
 Banco Central de Nicaragua (Central Bank of Nicaragua). Tipo de Cambio Oficial (Oficial Exchange Rate). July 1-31 of 2008.
http://www.bcn.gob.ni/estadisticas/tasas/cambio/tipcamb08/avisos/avisojulio2008.htm
 Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002.
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h107-3005
 Calbreath, Dean. Heavy Lifting Ahead; President Bush has Proposed a Blitz of Free Trade Agreements, But They Haven’t Gained NAFTA-Like Attention. The San Diego Union- Tribune, pp. H-1. June 13, 2004.
- ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Document :(CIT/1998/PR20A). 1998.
- ILOLEX Database of International Labor Standards. http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm
 International Organization of Employers (IOE). The Evolving Debate on Trade and Labour Standards. IOE Information Paper. 2006.
 Krouse, Peter. Group protests Kohl’s alleged sweatshops ties. The Plain Dealer. August 25, 2000.
 Krugman, Paul. Does Third World Growth Hurt First World Prosperity? Harvard Business Review, July-August edition, pp. 113-121. 1994.
http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/imprimir/21553
 Lamy, Pascal. The Emergence of collective preferences in international trade: implications for regulating globalization. Conference on Collective preferences and global governance: what future for the multilateral trading system. Brussels, 15 September 2004.
 Lara, Rafael. Planton CST para que Ortega los oiga (CST’ protest so Ortega will listen to them). El Nuevo Diario. July 16 of 2008.
 Leary, Virginia. The Paradox of Worker’s Rights as Human Rights, in Human Rights, Labor Rights and International Trade, pp. 22-47. 2003.
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 Marschall, Cornelia. El Regimen de Zonas Francas en Nicaragua. Su significado para las aspiraciones de desarrollo nacional y de equidad de genero. Tesis Monográfica. Universidad Centroamericana UCA. Nicaragua, July of 1998. (The Regime of Free Zones in Nicaragua. Its significance for the aspirations of national development and gender equity. Thesis. Central American University UCA.)
 Leary, Virginia & Warner Daniel. Social Issues, Globalisation and International Institutions: Labour Rights and the EU, ILO, OECD and WTO. Martinus Nijohff Publishers. 2006.
 Liu, Shao-hua. Activists allege labor violations. Taipe Times. December 2, 2000.
 M&C Business. Taiwan, Nicaragua ratify free- trade agreement. October 11, 2007. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/business/news/article_1364486.php/Taiwan_Nicaragua_ratify_free-trade_agreement
 Movimiento Sindical Nicaragüense. Nicaragua: Declaración de Principios en torno al TLC con EEUU (Nicaragua: Declaration of Principles referring to the Free Trade Agreement with the United States). Asociación de Trabajadores del Campo. Septiembre del 2003.
http://www.movimientos.org/cloc/atc-ni/show_text.php3?key=1990
 National Free Zones Commission. Industrial Directory 2007. Printed by INPASA. Managua, Nicaragua. 2007.
 National Labor Committee. Recent Updates and Alerts fro the Chentex Solidarity Campaign. (Reports from Taiwan Solidarity with Nicaraguan Workers (TSNW)). http://www.nlcnet.org/campaigns/archive/sweatingforkohls/history.shtml
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 North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) between the Government of Canada, the Government of the United Mexican States and the Government of the United States of America. September 13, 1993.
- Free Trade with Chile: Summary of the U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement. 2002.
 Office of the United States Trade Representative. CAFTA’s Strong Protections for Labor Rights. A Comprehensive Strategy. February, 2005.
http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Trade_Agreements/Regional/CAFTA/Briefing_Book/asset_upload_file652_7187.pdf
http://www.ustr.gov/Document_Library/Fact_Sheets/2002/Free_Trade_with_Chile_Summary_of_the_US-Chile_Free_Trade_Agreement.html
 Oppenheimer, Andres. Central America faces new test in Asia. Miami Herald. October 11, 2007.
 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). International Trade and Core Labour Standards. 2000.
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 Potosme, Martha. Realidad Laboral en Nicaragua (Labor Reality in Nicaragua). COSEP. Volume 2, Pp:35-37. Edition March-April, 2008.
 Perrin, Andrew. Critics Accuse Taiwan of Operating Sweatshops. San Francisco Chronicle. August 15, 2001.
 Polasky, Sandra. Job Anxiety is Real and It’s Global. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. May, 2004.
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 Rivas, Christian. Tratados y Acuerdos Comerciales Negociados por Nicaragua (Commercial Treaties and Agreements negotiated by Nicaragua). Ministry of Industry, Development and Commerce of Nicaragua. July 2006.
 Stokes, Bruce. Trade: Labor Loses in Central America. National Journal. Vol. 35, No.9. 2003.
 The Chippewa Herald. Groups allege Kohl’s uses sweatshops. August 22, 2000.
 The World Bank Group. Doing Business 2007. September 2006.
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 Trucchi, Giorgio. Las maquilas ¿son imprescindibles? (Maquilas, are they indispensable?) Radio La Primerisima. October 23, 2007.
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/wssd/
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 United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Summit for Social Development. Copenhagen, 1995.
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 Weeks, John. Have Workers in Latin America Gained from Liberalization and Regional Integration, in Critical Perspectives on Globalization and Neoliberalism in the Developing Countries. Pp.94-98 (in Richard L. Harris & Melinda J. Seid, eds., 2000).
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 Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia (Website). Banana Republic. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_republic
- Central American Common Market. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_American_Common_Market
- Comparative Advantage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage
- Uruguay Round. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_Round
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http://www.wto.org/English/thewto_e/minist_e/min96_e/wtodec_e.htm
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 Center for Constitutional Rights. Manzanarez v. C&Y Sportswear, Nien Hsing Textile Co., Ltd. and Chentex Garments.
- Nueva Huelga en Chentex. (Another strike in Chentex). El Nuevo Diario. May 28, 2000.
- Obispo norteamericano declara aqui: Zonas francas, un insulto para la dignidad humana ( North American Bishop Declares: The Free Trade Zones are an insult to human dignity). El Nuevo Diario. August 16, 2000.
http://ccrjustice.org/ourcases/past-cases/manzanarez-v.-c%2526amp%3By-sportswear,-nien-hsing-textile-co.,-ltd.-and-chentex-garme
 Chan, Anita & Ross Robert. Racing to the bottom: international trade without a social clause. Third World Quarterly. Vol. 24, No. 6, pp: 1011-1028. 2003.
 Chau, Nancy H. & Kanbur, Ravi. The Race to the Bottom, from the Bottom. Economica. Volume 73, Issue 290, pp. 193-228, May 2006.
 Chen, Melody. Taiwan: FTA push moves into high gear. Taipei Times. November 8, 2004.
 CIOSL Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions). Informe Anual sobre las Violaciones de los Derechos Sindicales 2002. (Annual Report on Violations of Trade Union Rights 2002).
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 Collado, Roberto. Congresista demócrata espantado por abusos en Zona Franca. Grosera explotación. (Democratic Congressman horrified by abuses in Free Zone. Gross Exploitation). Nuevo Diario. July 16, 2000.
 Collins, Terry. Protest over Nicaraguan worker’s wages brings arrests at Roseville Kohl’s. Star Tribune. September 26, 2000.
 Corea, Martha Daniela. En Chentex y Mil Colores. Delegación norteamericana verifica maltrato laboral. (In Chentex and Mil Colores. North American Delegation verifies labor maltreatment) La Prensa. July 16, 2000.
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 Clinton, Bill. Expanding Trade and Creating American Jobs (speech). October 4, 1992.
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/political-science/speeches/clinton.dir/c151.txtp
 Compa, Lance & Vogt, Jeffrey. Labor Rights in the Generalized System of Preferences: A 20-Year Review. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp: 199-238. 2001.
 David, Natacha; Duvillier, Laurent; Eden, John; Grumiau, Samuel & Perman, Sarah. Behind Brand Names. Working Conditions and Labor Rights in Export Processing Zones. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU). December, 2004.
 Dessing, Maryke. The Social Clause and Sustainable Development. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICSTD). 2001.
 Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement August 5, 2004.
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 Fagot, JoAnn. Nicaragua: Foreign Policy in the Revolutionary and Postrevolutioanry Era, pp.54; in Mora, Frank & Hey, Jeannette. Latin American and Caribbean Foreign Policy. 2003.
 Feitelberg, Rosemary. Kohl’s, Gap caught in Sweatshop Politics. Women’s Wear Daily. August 15, 2000.
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 Holschban, Amy. Union Workers used Kohl’s opening to protest sweatshops. Regional, Wisconsin’s Best Newspaper. August 19, 2000.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
臺灣研究英語碩士學程
95924008
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095924008
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉梅君zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Mei Chunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉梅玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Montero, Maylingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉梅玲zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Montero, Maylingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 13:56:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 13:56:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 13:56:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095924008en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37474-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 臺灣研究英語碩士學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95924008zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Supporters of free trade argue that one of its benefits is to increase wellbeing and enhance respect for workers’ rights. Nevertheless, this will not happen unless concrete requirements concerning such protection are inserted within the actual agreements. This thesis argues that trade agreements should include labor provisions that provide effective protection for core labor rights and that those rights are enforced by the Parties.
     
     In the case of Taiwan, it has signed Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras; but only in the FTA with Nicaragua, a Labor Chapter (No. 18) has been introduced in the accord. It follows the United States- Dominican Republic- Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) design, and the signatories agree to enforce their own domestic labor laws and reaffirm their commitment to the internationally recognized labor rights.
     
     However, the language of the agreement is merely aspirational, directing Parties to strive to improve their laws, but providing no effective reward or sanction in this reward.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction 1
     Chapter 2: The Global Labor Market: Opportunity or Threat?6
     2.1 The Consequences of Globalization on Labor Conditions 6
     2.2 International Trade and Labor Rights 8
     2.3 The Role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the Protection of Labor Rights 14
     2.4 Inclusion of Labor Rights in the General System of Preferences (GSP), Bilateral and Regional Agreements 22
     2.5 Conclusions 33
     
     Chapter 3: The Development of the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in Nicaragua, Taiwanese Investment and Labor Conflicts 35
     3.1 Introducing Nicaragua: a small bridge to the world largest market 35
     3.2 The Development of the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in Nicaragua 42
     3.3 Taiwanese Investment in Central America 51
     3.4 Labor Conflicts between Taiwanese Companies and Nicaraguan Employees in the Free Trade Zone 57
     3.5 Present Conditions of the FTZ Regime 83
     3.6 Conclusions 88
     
     
     
     Chapter 4: The Free Trade Agreement between Taiwan and Nicaragua and the Labor Clause 90
     4.1 Taiwan’s reasons for signing Free Trade Agreements with Central American Countries 91
     4.2 The Free Trade Agreement between Taiwan and Nicaragua93
     4.3 The Labor Chapter in the FTA 98
     4.4 Conclusions 106
     
     Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 108
     Bibliography 110
     Appendix 118
zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095924008en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Free Trade Agreementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Nicaraguaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Labor Clauseen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Workers` Rightsen_US
dc.title (題名) Workers` rights and the free trade agreement between the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Nicaraguaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Agreement Between the United State of America and the Hashemite Kingdom Jordan on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area; signed in October 24, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral/Jordan/asset_upload_file250_5112.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Aidt, Toke & Tzannatos, Zafiris. Unions and Collective Bargaining: Economic Effects in a Global Environment (Directions in Development). World Bank Publications. May, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  AMCHAM. Doing Business in Nicaragua 2006-07. American Chamber of Commerce of Nicaragua.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Andrews, Edmund. Bush Administration Will Ask China to Agree to Broad Limits on Clothing Exports. The New York Times, pp. C3. August 2, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Avin, Rose-Marie. Free Trade Zones and Women in Nicaragua: Exploitation or Empowerment? Wisconsin Coordinating Council on Nicaragua (WCCN). 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Banco Central de Nicaragua (Central Bank of Nicaragua). Tipo de Cambio Oficial (Oficial Exchange Rate). July 1-31 of 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.bcn.gob.ni/estadisticas/tasas/cambio/tipcamb08/avisos/avisojulio2008.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h107-3005zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Calbreath, Dean. Heavy Lifting Ahead; President Bush has Proposed a Blitz of Free Trade Agreements, But They Haven’t Gained NAFTA-Like Attention. The San Diego Union- Tribune, pp. H-1. June 13, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Document :(CIT/1998/PR20A). 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - ILOLEX Database of International Labor Standards. http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  International Organization of Employers (IOE). The Evolving Debate on Trade and Labour Standards. IOE Information Paper. 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Krouse, Peter. Group protests Kohl’s alleged sweatshops ties. The Plain Dealer. August 25, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Krugman, Paul. Does Third World Growth Hurt First World Prosperity? Harvard Business Review, July-August edition, pp. 113-121. 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/imprimir/21553zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Lamy, Pascal. The Emergence of collective preferences in international trade: implications for regulating globalization. Conference on Collective preferences and global governance: what future for the multilateral trading system. Brussels, 15 September 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Lara, Rafael. Planton CST para que Ortega los oiga (CST’ protest so Ortega will listen to them). El Nuevo Diario. July 16 of 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Leary, Virginia. The Paradox of Worker’s Rights as Human Rights, in Human Rights, Labor Rights and International Trade, pp. 22-47. 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - The WTO and the Social Clause: Post Singapore. European Journal of International Law Vol. 8, No.1, pp: 118-122. 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Marschall, Cornelia. El Regimen de Zonas Francas en Nicaragua. Su significado para las aspiraciones de desarrollo nacional y de equidad de genero. Tesis Monográfica. Universidad Centroamericana UCA. Nicaragua, July of 1998. (The Regime of Free Zones in Nicaragua. Its significance for the aspirations of national development and gender equity. Thesis. Central American University UCA.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Leary, Virginia & Warner Daniel. Social Issues, Globalisation and International Institutions: Labour Rights and the EU, ILO, OECD and WTO. Martinus Nijohff Publishers. 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Liu, Shao-hua. Activists allege labor violations. Taipe Times. December 2, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  M&C Business. Taiwan, Nicaragua ratify free- trade agreement. October 11, 2007. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/business/news/article_1364486.php/Taiwan_Nicaragua_ratify_free-trade_agreementzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  Movimiento Sindical Nicaragüense. Nicaragua: Declaración de Principios en torno al TLC con EEUU (Nicaragua: Declaration of Principles referring to the Free Trade Agreement with the United States). Asociación de Trabajadores del Campo. Septiembre del 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.movimientos.org/cloc/atc-ni/show_text.php3?key=1990zh_TW
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