Publications-Theses

題名 兩性在大學時期政治定向與政治行為差異之探討
作者 劉玉婷
貢獻者 陳義彥<br>陳陸輝
<br>
劉玉婷
關鍵詞 政治社會化
性別
政治知識
政治信任感
政治功效意識
政治參與
日期 2004
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 15:33:56 (UTC+8)
摘要 在學術研究中,不少研究指出了兩性在政治定向及行為模式上有所差異,且從國內的政治社會化研究中我們發現:兩性隨著年齡的增長,其差異漸漸擴大,到了大學階段,兩者的政治知識和政治參與傾向的差異更是極為顯著,因此,本研究欲透過政治社會化理論來比較男、女兩性於政治定向和行為模式上的異同,並分別就政治社會化媒介和人格特質等因素作詳細地解釋,企圖找出能解釋個體於成年時期政治定向和行為存有性別差異的原因。
  研究結果顯示,性別仍是預測大學生政治定向和行為的因素,家庭、學校和媒體等環境因素與人格特質都不是造成男、女大學生有所差異的重要原因,在日後的研究中,有必要再作其它因素的探討。但在政治參與方面,控制環境因素和人格特質後,女大學生比男大學生更積極於參與政治活動,顯然女大學生在大學時期的政治社會化經驗並不是造成她們日後政治參與低落的原因,甚至這些成年期的政治社會化歷程促使她們有較活躍的政治參與。
  另外在權威性人格方面,本文有不同於以往的研究發現。研究結果顯示:權威性人格愈鮮明的男大學生,不僅內、外在政治功效意識愈低落,其政治信任感也愈低,而政治參與卻愈積極,且認同國民黨者,其權威性人格愈高。因此我們認為這是反映出男大學生對當時民進黨政府的不滿,2000年總統選舉的政黨輪替,對具有權威性人格的個體而言,民進黨執政是破壞了傳統、改變了現狀,因而使得男大學生積極於參與選舉活動,企圖改變現狀。
  整體而言,影響兩性政治定向和行為模式的原因並不盡相同,日後相關的研究應針對性別作深入且個別的探討,將兩性分別視為完整的個體,以作更明確且更有意義的分析。
參考文獻 一、中文參考書目
田秀萍
 1987 接觸大眾媒介行為與政治社會化關聯性之研究—以政大學生政治    容忍度為例,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
李美枝
 1995 女性心理學,台北:大洋。
吳重禮
 2000 「我國『政治功效意識』測量之初探」,選舉研究,6卷2期,頁    23-44。
吳聰賢
 1978 「態度量表的建立」,社會及行為科學研究法,台北:東華,頁    463-91。
易君博
 1975 「政治社會化的分析」,政治學論文集--理論與方法,頁115-     141,台北:三民。
林水波
 1973 「家庭在政治社會化中的角色」,思與言,11卷2期,頁29-34。
 1973 「學校在政治社會化中的角色」,思與言,11卷3期,頁13-22。
林嘉誠
 1989 政治心理形成與政治參與行為,台北:商務。
段盛華
 1988 台灣地區五專生政治社會化之研究,國立政治大學三民主義研究    所碩士論文。
林嘉誠
 1980 「台北地區大學生的政治態度與政治參與」,國立台灣大學政治    研究所博士論文。
洪淑女
 1995 「台北市大學生政治功效意識與選舉參與行為之研究」,私立中    國文化大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
孫秀蕙
 1995 「比較台灣省選民傳統媒體與新媒體的使用對政治行為的影響-    以民國83年台灣省長選舉為例」,選舉研究,2卷1期,頁93-     118。
 1996 「選民的傳播型態對政治行為的影響:以1996年總統大選為      例」,選舉研究,3卷2期,頁71-106。
翁秀琪、孫秀蕙
 1994 「選民的媒介使用行為及其政治知識、政黨偏好與投票行為之間    的關聯-兼論台灣媒體壟斷對政治認知與行為之影響」,選舉研    究,1卷2期,頁1-25。
袁頌西
 1969 「政治社會化:政治學中一個新的研究領域」,思與言,7卷4     期,頁19-29。
 1971 「兒童與政治」,政治學報,1期,頁67-113。
 1972 「家庭權威模式、教養方式與兒童之政治功效意識:景美研      究」,思與言,10卷4期,頁35-55。
 1974a 「我國家庭政治化與少年政治功效意識之研究(上)」,思與    言,11卷5期,頁1-12。
 1974b 「我國家庭政治化與少年政治功效意識之研究(下)」,思與    言,11卷6期,頁23-9。
 2003 「政治社會化:政治研究的新領域」,當代政治研究:方法與理    論探微,台北:時英。
張妮秀
 1982 「高中生傳播行為與政治社會化」,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩    士論文。
張金鑑
 1977 動態政治學,頁644,台北:七友。
張卿卿
 2002a 「競選媒體使用對選民競選議題知識與政治效能感的影響─以    兩千年總統大選為例」,選舉研究,9卷1期,頁1-39。
 2002b 「競選新聞框架與廣告訴求對選民政治效能與信賴感的影      響」,新聞學研究,69期,頁135-66。
 2002c 「大學生的政治媒介認知、政治媒介行為與其政治效能與政治    參與之間的關係」,選舉研究,9卷2期,頁37-63。
盛治仁
 2002 「台灣民眾民主價值及政治信任感研究-政黨輪替前後的比      較」,選舉研究,10卷1期,頁115-69。
許禎元
 1998 「媒介接觸行為與國家意識之相關研究-政戰學校等三所學校政    治社會化的比較」,民意研究季刊,205期,頁1540。
陳文俊
 1983 「臺灣地區中學生的政治態度及其形成因素-青少年的政治社會    化」,國立政治大學政治研究所碩士論文。
 1994 「台灣大學生的省籍意識與國家認同」,中山社會科學學報,8    卷2期,頁41-91。
 1997 政治社會化與台灣的政治民主化:大(專)學生的政治態度與價    值之研究,國立中山大學政治學研究所叢書(3),高雄市:國    立中山大學政治學研究所。
 1998 「台灣地區學生的政治文化:中、大學生的政治態度與台灣民主    化前景」,國立中山大學社會科學季刊,1卷3期,頁23-60。
陳忠慶
 1980 「假期青年自強活動對大學生政治態度影響之研究」,國立政治    大學政治研究所碩士論文。
陳秋燕
 1994 「北、高兩市國中學生政治認知與態度之研究」,國立臺灣師範    大學公民訓育研究所碩士論文。
陳陸輝
 2002 「政治信任感與台灣地區選民投票行為」,選舉研究,9卷2期,    頁65-84。
 2003 「政治信任、施政表現與民眾對台灣民主的展望」,台灣政治學    刊,7卷2期,頁149-88。
陳陸輝、陳義彥
 2002 「政治功效意識、政治信任感以及台灣選民的民主價值」,2001    年「選舉與民主化調查研究」學術研討會,2002年10月20日,政    治大學綜合院館國際會議廳。
陳義彥
 1979 台灣地區大學生政治社會化之研究,台北:嘉新水泥文化基金     會。
陳義彥、洪永泰、盛杏湲
 1991 「我國大學生政治社會化之研究—十五年來政治價值與態度之變    遷」,國立政治大學選舉研究中心,行政院國家科學委員會專題    研究計劃成果報告,計劃編號:NSC80-0301-H004-18。
陳義彥、陳陸輝
 2004 「台灣大學生政治定向的持續與變遷」,東吳政治學報,18期,    1-39。
陳義彥、劉義周、洪永泰
 1993 「選舉行為與台灣地區的政治民主化-從第二屆立法委員選舉探    討」,國立政治大學選舉研究中心,行政院國家科學委員會專題    研究計劃成果報告,計劃編號:NSC82-0301-H004-034。
陳憶寧
 2002 「候選人負面新聞框架對政治憤世嫉俗感與政治責任歸因的影     響」,中華傳播學刊,創刊號,頁 215-247。
彭芸
 2002 「2001年台灣選民的媒介行為與政治信任」,選舉研究,9卷2     期,頁1-36。
彭懷恩
 1978 「中華民國大學生的政治支持」,國立台灣大學政治所碩士論     文。
辜淑琴
 1986 「社會化機構對政治態度形成影響之研究:以台北市松山區公民    為例」,私立東吳大學社會所碩士論文。
隋杜卿
 1986 台灣地區大學生政治文化類型之研究,國立政治大學三民主義研    究所碩士論文。
黃秀端
 1995 「一九九四年省市長選舉選民參與競選活動之分析」,選舉研     究,2卷1期,頁51-76。
 1996 「政治知識之認知與性別差異」,東吳政治學報,5期,頁27-     50。
 1998 「我國大學生對政治權利態度之分析」,東吳政治學報,9期,    頁171-202。
黃淑慧
 1985 「我國高中、大學女生政治參與與意願研究」,國立台灣大學三    民主義研究所碩士論文。
楊國樞
 1971 「人格的定義」,雲五社會科學大辭典,第九冊,心理學,台     北:台灣商務,頁204。
 1981 「中國人的性格與行為:形成與蛻變」,中華心理學刊,23卷1    期,頁39-55。
 1985 「台灣民眾之性格與行為的變遷」,台灣地區之現代化及其問題    研討會(第四次社會科學會議)論文集,台北:中央研究院三民    主義研究所。
楊國樞、瞿海源
 1974 「中國『人』的現代化:有關個人現代性的研究」,中央研究院    民族學研究所集刊,37期,頁1-37。
楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢和李亦園
1989 社會及行為科學研究法,台北:台灣東華。
劉義周
 1994 「政治態度的性別差異:男女有別或男女不平等」,政治學報,    23期,頁133-55。
黃馨慧
 2003 「性別與溝通-兩性差異與溝通」,載於潘慧玲主編,性別議題    導論。台北:高等教育文化事業。
二、英文參考書目
Abramson, Paul R.
 1983 Political Attitudes in American: Formation and Change.     San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company Press.
Adorno, Theodor w., Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson, R. Nevitt Sanford
 1950 The Authoritarian Personality, N. Y.: The Harper and      Brothers Press.
Almond, G. A.
 1960 “A functional approach to comparative politics.” In      G. A. Almond & J.S. Coleman (eds.), The politics of       the developing areas. Princeton: Princeton University      Press.
Appleton, Sheldon
 1970a “The Political Socialization of College Students on       Taiwan”, Asian Survey, 10:910-23.
 1970b “Taiwanese and Mainlanders on Taiwan: A Survey of        Student Attitudes”, China Quarterly, Oct-Dec: 38-65.
 1973 “Regime Support Among Taiwan High School Students”,       Asian Survey, 13: 750-60.
Balch, George I.
 1974 “Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept     ‘Sense of Political Efficacy’”, Political           Methodology, 1: 1-43.
Beck, Paul Allen, and M. Kent Jennings
 1975 “Parents as "Middlepersons" in Political            Socialization.” Journal of Politics, 37(1): 83-107.
 1982 “Pathways to Participation.” American Political        Science Review, 76(1): 94-108.
 1991 “Family Traditions, Political Periods, and the         Development of Partisan Orientations.” Journal of       Politics, 53(3): 742-63.
Becker, L. and D. C. Whitney
 1980 “Effects of media dependencies: Audience assessment of     government”, Communication Research, 7: 95-120.
Bennett, Stephen E.
 1995 “Comparing Americans’ Political Information in 1988      and 1992.” Journal of Politics, 57(2): 521-32.
Bennett, Stephen E., Staci L. Rhine, Richard S. Flickinger, Bennett L. M. Linda
 1999 “ Video-Malaise Revisited-Public Trust in the Media      and Government. ” The Harvard International Journal of     Press/Politics, 4(3): 8-23.
Campbell, Angus, Gerald Gurin, and Warren Miller
 1954 The Voter Decides. Evanston, Ⅲ.: Row, Peterson.
    Cappella, N., & Jamieson, H.
 1997 Spiral of Cynicism: The press and the public good. New     York: Oxford University Press.
Chaffee, Steven H., L. S. Ward, and L. P. Tipton
 1973 “ Mass Communication and Political Socialization.” In     J. Dennis (ed.), Socialization to Politics: A Reader.      John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Citrin, Jack
 1974 “Comment: The Political Relevance of Trust in         Government.” American Political Science Review, 68:      973-88.
Citrin, Jack and Donald P. Green
 1986 “President Leadership and the Resurgence of Trust in      Government.” British Journal of Political Science, 16:     431-53.
Conway, M. Margaret
 1991 Political Participation in the United States.          Washington, D. C.: CQ Press.
Craig, Stephen C.
 1979 “Efficacy, Thrust, and Political Behavior: An Attempt     to Resolve a Lingering Conceptual Dilemma.” American      Political Quarterly, 7: 225-39.
Davies, James C.
 1970 “The Family’s role in Political Socialization.” In      N. Adler and C. Harrington (eds.), The Learning of       Political Behavior, Scott: Foresman and Company.
Dawson, Richard E. and Kenneth Prewitt.
 1969 Political Socialization. Boston: Little, Brown and       Company.
Easton, David, and Jack Dennis
 1969 Children in the Political System: Origins of Political     Legitimacy. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill.
Elkin, F.
 1960 The Child and Society: The Process of Socialization.      New York: Random House, Inc..
Forman Jr., Lewis A.
 1961 “Personality and Political Socialization”, Journal of     Politics, 23(2): 341-52.
Greenstein, Fred I.
 1965 Children and Politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
 1968 “Political Socialization.” In David L. Sills (ed.),      International Encylopedia of the Social Science,        Vol.14. N. Y.: The Macmillan Company and the Free Press.
 1969 Personality and Politics: Problem of Evidence,         Inference, and Conceptualization. Chicago: Markham.
Eckstern, Harry
 1973 “Authority Patterns: Astructureal Basis for Political     Inquiry.” American Political Science Review, 67: 1142-    61.
Hess, Robert D. and Judith V. Torney
 1967 The Development of Political Attitudes in Children.       Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
Hetherington, Marc J.
 1998 “The Political Relevance of Political Trust.”         American Political Science Review, 92: 791-808.
Hyman, Herebert H.
 1959 Political Socialization: A Study in the Psychology of      Political Behavior. N. Y.: The Free Press.
 1963 “Mass Media and Political Socialization: The Role of      Patterns of Communication.” In L.W. Pye (ed.),         Communications and Political Development. Princeton, N.     J.: Princeton University Press.
Inkeles, A.
 1966 “The modernization of man.” In M. Weiner (ed.),        Modernization: The dynamics of growth. Washington, DC:     U. S. Information Agency, Voice of America.
Inkeles, A., and Smith D. H.
 1974 Becoming modern: Individual change in six developing c     ountries. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press.
Janowitz, M. &D. Marvick
 1953 “Authoritarian and Political Behavior.” Public        Opinion Quarterly, vol. 17.
Jennings, M. Kent and Gregory B. Markus
 1984 “Partisan Orientations over the Long Haul: Results       from the Three Wave Political Socialization Panel        Study.” American Political Science Review, 78(4): 1000-    1018.
Jennings, M. Kent, and Richard G. Niemi
 1974 The Political Character of Adolescence: The Influence      of Families and Schools. Princeton University Press.
 1975 "Continuity and Change in Political Orientation: A       Longitudinal Study of Two Generations." American        Political Science Review, 69(4): 1316-1335.
 1981 Generations and Politics: A Panel Study of Youth Adults     and Their Parents. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University     Press.
Jennings, M. Kent
 2002 “Generation Unit and the Student Protest Movement in      the United States: An Intra-and Intergenerational        Analysis.” Political Psychology, 23(2): 303-24.
Kahl, J. A.
 1968 The measurement of modernism: A study of values in       Brazil and Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Klein, Ethel
 1984 Gender Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Langton, Kenneth P.
 1969 Political Socialization, N. Y.: Oxford University Press.
    Lipset, S. R. and W. Schneider
 1987 The Confidence Gap: Business, Labor, and Government in     the Public Mind. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins          University Press.
McGlen, Nancy E.
 1980 “The impact of Parenthood on Political             Participation .” The Western Political Quarterly,     33(3): 297-313.
Miller, Arthur H.
 1974a “Political Issues and Trust in Government, 1964-       1970.” American Political Science Review, 69: 951-72.
 1974b “Rejoinder to ‘comment’ by Jack Citrin: Political      Discontent or Ritualism?” American Political Science      Review, 68: 989-1001.
Moy, Patricia and Michael, Pfau
 2000 With malice toward all? : the media and public         confidence in democratic institutions. Westport, Conn.:     Praeger.
Nadeau, Richard et al.
 1995 “Emotions, Issue Importance, and Political Learning.”     American Journal of Political Science, 39(3): 558-74.
Nie, Norman H. and Sidney Verba
 1975 “Political Participation.” In Free I. Greenstein &      Nelson W. Polsby (eds.), Handbook of Political Science.     Reading, Mass.: Addison-Welsley Publsihing Company. Inc.
Niemi, Richard G., and Jane Junn
 1996 Civic Education. New Haven: Yale University Press.       Pp.:13-23.
Niemi, Richard G. and M. Kent Jennings
 1991 "Issues and Inheritance in the Formation of Party       Identification," American Journal of Political Science,     35(4): 971-88.
Norris, Pippa
 1996 “ Does television erode social capital? Arely to        Putnam,” Political Science and Politics, 29(3): 474-80.
Palma, Giuesppe Di
 1970 Apathy and Participation: Mass Politics in Western       Societies. N. Y.: The Free Press.
Patrick, J. John
 1977 “Political Socialization and Political Education in       Schools.” In Stanley Allen Renshon (ed.), Handbook of     Political Socialization: Theory and Research. N. Y.:      The Free Press.
Patterson, Thomas
 1993 Out of Order. New York: Vintage Books.
Pye, Lucain W.
 1959 “Political Modernization and Reserch on the Process of     Political Socialization.” Items13(3).
 1963 “Introduction.” In L. W. Pye (ed.), Communications      and Political Development. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton     University Press.
 1971 “Identity Crisis and the Political Culture.” In        Leonard Binder, James S. Coleman, Joseph LaPalombara,      Lucian Pye, Sidney Verba, and Myron Weiner(eds.),        Crises and Sequence in Political Development.          Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Quarles, R.
 1979 “Mass media use and voting behavior: The accuracy of      political perceptions among first-time and experienced     voters”, Communication Research, 6: 407-36.
Ranney, Austin
 1971 Governing : a brief introduction to political science.     New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Rosenberg, Riki R.
 1970 “The Apathetic Majority: Political Socialization of      University Students in Nationalist China”, Youth and      Society, 2:177-206.
Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen.
 1993 Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in American.     New York: Macmillan.
Sanford, Nevitt
 1959 “The Approach of The Authoritarian Personality.” In      James L. McCary (ed.), Psychology of Personality, N.      Y.: GrovePress.
Schramm, W.
 1964 Mass media and national development : the role of        information in the developing countries. Stanford,       Calif.: Stanford University Press.
 1969 Responsibility in Mass Communication. New York: Harper.
    Sikes, Patricia J. and Lynda Measor
 1993 Gender and schools. London: New York : Cassell.
Shaffer, D. R.
 1996 Developmental Psychology: Childhood and adolescence. N.     Y.: Brooks/ Cole, and ITP.
Sniderman, Paul M., Richard A. Brody and Philip E. Tetlock
 1991 Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political         Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Verba, Sideny
 1965 “Germany: The Remarking of Political Culture.” In       Lucian W. Pye and Sidney Verba (eds.), Political        Culture and Political Development. Princeton, N. J.:      Princeton University Press.
Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady
 1995 Voice and Equality. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
Weissberg, Robert
 1974 Political Learning, Political Choice, and Democratic      Citizenship. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall,      pp.24-5.
Wilson, Richard W.
 1970 Learning to be Chinese: The Political Socialization of     Children in Taiwan. Cambridge: The M. I. T. Press.
 1974 The Moral State: The Moral State: A Study of the        Political Socialization of Chinese and American         Children. N. Y.: The Free Press.
Yang, K. S.(楊國樞)
 1986 “Chinese personality and its change.” In M. H. Bond      (ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people. Hong Kong:     Oxford University Press.
 1988 “Will modernization eventually eliminate cross-        cultural psychological differences?” In M. H. Bond       (ed.), The cross-cultural challenge to social          psychology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
政治研究所
90252017
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902520171
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳義彥<br>陳陸輝zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor <br>en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉玉婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 劉玉婷zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 15:33:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 15:33:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 15:33:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0902520171en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34521-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 政治研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90252017zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在學術研究中,不少研究指出了兩性在政治定向及行為模式上有所差異,且從國內的政治社會化研究中我們發現:兩性隨著年齡的增長,其差異漸漸擴大,到了大學階段,兩者的政治知識和政治參與傾向的差異更是極為顯著,因此,本研究欲透過政治社會化理論來比較男、女兩性於政治定向和行為模式上的異同,並分別就政治社會化媒介和人格特質等因素作詳細地解釋,企圖找出能解釋個體於成年時期政治定向和行為存有性別差異的原因。
  研究結果顯示,性別仍是預測大學生政治定向和行為的因素,家庭、學校和媒體等環境因素與人格特質都不是造成男、女大學生有所差異的重要原因,在日後的研究中,有必要再作其它因素的探討。但在政治參與方面,控制環境因素和人格特質後,女大學生比男大學生更積極於參與政治活動,顯然女大學生在大學時期的政治社會化經驗並不是造成她們日後政治參與低落的原因,甚至這些成年期的政治社會化歷程促使她們有較活躍的政治參與。
  另外在權威性人格方面,本文有不同於以往的研究發現。研究結果顯示:權威性人格愈鮮明的男大學生,不僅內、外在政治功效意識愈低落,其政治信任感也愈低,而政治參與卻愈積極,且認同國民黨者,其權威性人格愈高。因此我們認為這是反映出男大學生對當時民進黨政府的不滿,2000年總統選舉的政黨輪替,對具有權威性人格的個體而言,民進黨執政是破壞了傳統、改變了現狀,因而使得男大學生積極於參與選舉活動,企圖改變現狀。
  整體而言,影響兩性政治定向和行為模式的原因並不盡相同,日後相關的研究應針對性別作深入且個別的探討,將兩性分別視為完整的個體,以作更明確且更有意義的分析。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 表次..........................................................ii
圖次.........................................................iii
第一章 緒論...................................................1
  第一節 研究動機與目的.....................................1
  第二節 政治社會化與相關的文獻.............................2
第二章 研究架構與研究方法....................................25
  第一節 研究架構與假設....................................25
  第二節 研究方法..........................................28
  第三節 章節安排..........................................32
第三章 兩性與環境因素、人格特質、政治定向和行為的關係........33
  第一節 性別與環境因素的關係..............................33
  第二節 性別與人格特質的關係..............................42
  第三節 性別與政治定向、行為的關係........................45
  第四節 本章小結..........................................53
第四章 影響政治定向與行為的模型建構與分析....................57
  第一節 政治知識的迴歸模型比較............................57
  第二節 政治信任感的迴歸模型比較..........................61
  第三節 政治功效意識的迴歸模型比較........................64
  第四節 政治參與的迴歸模型比較............................71
  第五節 本章小結..........................................75
第五章 結論..................................................77
  第一節 研究發現..........................................77
  第二節 綜合討論..........................................84
  第三節 檢討與建議........................................86
參考書目......................................................89
  一、中文參考書目..........................................89
  二、英文參考書目..........................................93
附 錄.......................................................101
  一、樣本分佈表...........................................101
  二、基本人口學變項的處理.................................101
  三、測量題目.............................................102
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 44616 bytes-
dc.format.extent 93824 bytes-
dc.format.extent 62612 bytes-
dc.format.extent 241201 bytes-
dc.format.extent 123942 bytes-
dc.format.extent 191269 bytes-
dc.format.extent 171894 bytes-
dc.format.extent 151761 bytes-
dc.format.extent 117251 bytes-
dc.format.extent 184192 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902520171en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治社會化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治知識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治信任感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治功效意識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治參與zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 兩性在大學時期政治定向與政治行為差異之探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考書目zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 田秀萍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1987 接觸大眾媒介行為與政治社會化關聯性之研究—以政大學生政治    容忍度為例,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 女性心理學,台北:大洋。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳重禮zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2000 「我國『政治功效意識』測量之初探」,選舉研究,6卷2期,頁    23-44。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳聰賢zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1978 「態度量表的建立」,社會及行為科學研究法,台北:東華,頁    463-91。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 易君博zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1975 「政治社會化的分析」,政治學論文集--理論與方法,頁115-     141,台北:三民。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林水波zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1973 「家庭在政治社會化中的角色」,思與言,11卷2期,頁29-34。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1973 「學校在政治社會化中的角色」,思與言,11卷3期,頁13-22。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林嘉誠zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1989 政治心理形成與政治參與行為,台北:商務。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 段盛華zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1988 台灣地區五專生政治社會化之研究,國立政治大學三民主義研究    所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林嘉誠zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1980 「台北地區大學生的政治態度與政治參與」,國立台灣大學政治    研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪淑女zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 「台北市大學生政治功效意識與選舉參與行為之研究」,私立中    國文化大學政治學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫秀蕙zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 「比較台灣省選民傳統媒體與新媒體的使用對政治行為的影響-    以民國83年台灣省長選舉為例」,選舉研究,2卷1期,頁93-     118。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1996 「選民的傳播型態對政治行為的影響:以1996年總統大選為      例」,選舉研究,3卷2期,頁71-106。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁秀琪、孫秀蕙zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1994 「選民的媒介使用行為及其政治知識、政黨偏好與投票行為之間    的關聯-兼論台灣媒體壟斷對政治認知與行為之影響」,選舉研    究,1卷2期,頁1-25。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 袁頌西zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1969 「政治社會化:政治學中一個新的研究領域」,思與言,7卷4     期,頁19-29。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1971 「兒童與政治」,政治學報,1期,頁67-113。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1972 「家庭權威模式、教養方式與兒童之政治功效意識:景美研      究」,思與言,10卷4期,頁35-55。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974a 「我國家庭政治化與少年政治功效意識之研究(上)」,思與    言,11卷5期,頁1-12。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974b 「我國家庭政治化與少年政治功效意識之研究(下)」,思與    言,11卷6期,頁23-9。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2003 「政治社會化:政治研究的新領域」,當代政治研究:方法與理    論探微,台北:時英。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張妮秀zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1982 「高中生傳播行為與政治社會化」,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩    士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張金鑑zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1977 動態政治學,頁644,台北:七友。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張卿卿zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002a 「競選媒體使用對選民競選議題知識與政治效能感的影響─以    兩千年總統大選為例」,選舉研究,9卷1期,頁1-39。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002b 「競選新聞框架與廣告訴求對選民政治效能與信賴感的影      響」,新聞學研究,69期,頁135-66。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002c 「大學生的政治媒介認知、政治媒介行為與其政治效能與政治    參與之間的關係」,選舉研究,9卷2期,頁37-63。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 盛治仁zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002 「台灣民眾民主價值及政治信任感研究-政黨輪替前後的比      較」,選舉研究,10卷1期,頁115-69。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許禎元zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1998 「媒介接觸行為與國家意識之相關研究-政戰學校等三所學校政    治社會化的比較」,民意研究季刊,205期,頁1540。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳文俊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1983 「臺灣地區中學生的政治態度及其形成因素-青少年的政治社會    化」,國立政治大學政治研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1994 「台灣大學生的省籍意識與國家認同」,中山社會科學學報,8    卷2期,頁41-91。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1997 政治社會化與台灣的政治民主化:大(專)學生的政治態度與價    值之研究,國立中山大學政治學研究所叢書(3),高雄市:國    立中山大學政治學研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1998 「台灣地區學生的政治文化:中、大學生的政治態度與台灣民主    化前景」,國立中山大學社會科學季刊,1卷3期,頁23-60。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳忠慶zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1980 「假期青年自強活動對大學生政治態度影響之研究」,國立政治    大學政治研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳秋燕zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1994 「北、高兩市國中學生政治認知與態度之研究」,國立臺灣師範    大學公民訓育研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳陸輝zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002 「政治信任感與台灣地區選民投票行為」,選舉研究,9卷2期,    頁65-84。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2003 「政治信任、施政表現與民眾對台灣民主的展望」,台灣政治學    刊,7卷2期,頁149-88。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳陸輝、陳義彥zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002 「政治功效意識、政治信任感以及台灣選民的民主價值」,2001    年「選舉與民主化調查研究」學術研討會,2002年10月20日,政    治大學綜合院館國際會議廳。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳義彥zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1979 台灣地區大學生政治社會化之研究,台北:嘉新水泥文化基金     會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳義彥、洪永泰、盛杏湲zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1991 「我國大學生政治社會化之研究—十五年來政治價值與態度之變    遷」,國立政治大學選舉研究中心,行政院國家科學委員會專題    研究計劃成果報告,計劃編號:NSC80-0301-H004-18。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳義彥、陳陸輝zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2004 「台灣大學生政治定向的持續與變遷」,東吳政治學報,18期,    1-39。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳義彥、劉義周、洪永泰zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1993 「選舉行為與台灣地區的政治民主化-從第二屆立法委員選舉探    討」,國立政治大學選舉研究中心,行政院國家科學委員會專題    研究計劃成果報告,計劃編號:NSC82-0301-H004-034。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳憶寧zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002 「候選人負面新聞框架對政治憤世嫉俗感與政治責任歸因的影     響」,中華傳播學刊,創刊號,頁 215-247。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭芸zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002 「2001年台灣選民的媒介行為與政治信任」,選舉研究,9卷2     期,頁1-36。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭懷恩zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1978 「中華民國大學生的政治支持」,國立台灣大學政治所碩士論     文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 辜淑琴zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1986 「社會化機構對政治態度形成影響之研究:以台北市松山區公民    為例」,私立東吳大學社會所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 隋杜卿zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1986 台灣地區大學生政治文化類型之研究,國立政治大學三民主義研    究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃秀端zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 「一九九四年省市長選舉選民參與競選活動之分析」,選舉研     究,2卷1期,頁51-76。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1996 「政治知識之認知與性別差異」,東吳政治學報,5期,頁27-     50。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1998 「我國大學生對政治權利態度之分析」,東吳政治學報,9期,    頁171-202。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃淑慧zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1985 「我國高中、大學女生政治參與與意願研究」,國立台灣大學三    民主義研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊國樞zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1971 「人格的定義」,雲五社會科學大辭典,第九冊,心理學,台     北:台灣商務,頁204。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1981 「中國人的性格與行為:形成與蛻變」,中華心理學刊,23卷1    期,頁39-55。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1985 「台灣民眾之性格與行為的變遷」,台灣地區之現代化及其問題    研討會(第四次社會科學會議)論文集,台北:中央研究院三民    主義研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊國樞、瞿海源zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 「中國『人』的現代化:有關個人現代性的研究」,中央研究院    民族學研究所集刊,37期,頁1-37。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢和李亦園zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 社會及行為科學研究法,台北:台灣東華。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉義周zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1994 「政治態度的性別差異:男女有別或男女不平等」,政治學報,    23期,頁133-55。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃馨慧zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2003 「性別與溝通-兩性差異與溝通」,載於潘慧玲主編,性別議題    導論。台北:高等教育文化事業。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文參考書目zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abramson, Paul R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1983 Political Attitudes in American: Formation and Change.     San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adorno, Theodor w., Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson, R. Nevitt Sanfordzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1950 The Authoritarian Personality, N. Y.: The Harper and      Brothers Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Almond, G. A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1960 “A functional approach to comparative politics.” In      G. A. Almond & J.S. Coleman (eds.), The politics of       the developing areas. Princeton: Princeton University      Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Appleton, Sheldonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1970a “The Political Socialization of College Students on       Taiwan”, Asian Survey, 10:910-23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1970b “Taiwanese and Mainlanders on Taiwan: A Survey of        Student Attitudes”, China Quarterly, Oct-Dec: 38-65.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1973 “Regime Support Among Taiwan High School Students”,       Asian Survey, 13: 750-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Balch, George I.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 “Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept     ‘Sense of Political Efficacy’”, Political           Methodology, 1: 1-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beck, Paul Allen, and M. Kent Jenningszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1975 “Parents as "Middlepersons" in Political            Socialization.” Journal of Politics, 37(1): 83-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1982 “Pathways to Participation.” American Political        Science Review, 76(1): 94-108.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1991 “Family Traditions, Political Periods, and the         Development of Partisan Orientations.” Journal of       Politics, 53(3): 742-63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, L. and D. C. Whitneyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1980 “Effects of media dependencies: Audience assessment of     government”, Communication Research, 7: 95-120.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, Stephen E.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 “Comparing Americans’ Political Information in 1988      and 1992.” Journal of Politics, 57(2): 521-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, Stephen E., Staci L. Rhine, Richard S. Flickinger, Bennett L. M. Lindazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1999 “ Video-Malaise Revisited-Public Trust in the Media      and Government. ” The Harvard International Journal of     Press/Politics, 4(3): 8-23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Campbell, Angus, Gerald Gurin, and Warren Millerzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1954 The Voter Decides. Evanston, Ⅲ.: Row, Peterson.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     Cappella, N., & Jamieson, H.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1997 Spiral of Cynicism: The press and the public good. New     York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chaffee, Steven H., L. S. Ward, and L. P. Tiptonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1973 “ Mass Communication and Political Socialization.” In     J. Dennis (ed.), Socialization to Politics: A Reader.      John Wiley & Sons, Inc..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Citrin, Jackzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 “Comment: The Political Relevance of Trust in         Government.” American Political Science Review, 68:      973-88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Citrin, Jack and Donald P. Greenzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1986 “President Leadership and the Resurgence of Trust in      Government.” British Journal of Political Science, 16:     431-53.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conway, M. Margaretzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1991 Political Participation in the United States.          Washington, D. C.: CQ Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craig, Stephen C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1979 “Efficacy, Thrust, and Political Behavior: An Attempt     to Resolve a Lingering Conceptual Dilemma.” American      Political Quarterly, 7: 225-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davies, James C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1970 “The Family’s role in Political Socialization.” In      N. Adler and C. Harrington (eds.), The Learning of       Political Behavior, Scott: Foresman and Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dawson, Richard E. and Kenneth Prewitt.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1969 Political Socialization. Boston: Little, Brown and       Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Easton, David, and Jack Denniszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1969 Children in the Political System: Origins of Political     Legitimacy. N. Y.: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Elkin, F.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1960 The Child and Society: The Process of Socialization.      New York: Random House, Inc..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Forman Jr., Lewis A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1961 “Personality and Political Socialization”, Journal of     Politics, 23(2): 341-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenstein, Fred I.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1965 Children and Politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1968 “Political Socialization.” In David L. Sills (ed.),      International Encylopedia of the Social Science,        Vol.14. N. Y.: The Macmillan Company and the Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1969 Personality and Politics: Problem of Evidence,         Inference, and Conceptualization. Chicago: Markham.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eckstern, Harryzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1973 “Authority Patterns: Astructureal Basis for Political     Inquiry.” American Political Science Review, 67: 1142-    61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hess, Robert D. and Judith V. Torneyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1967 The Development of Political Attitudes in Children.       Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hetherington, Marc J.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1998 “The Political Relevance of Political Trust.”         American Political Science Review, 92: 791-808.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hyman, Herebert H.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1959 Political Socialization: A Study in the Psychology of      Political Behavior. N. Y.: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1963 “Mass Media and Political Socialization: The Role of      Patterns of Communication.” In L.W. Pye (ed.),         Communications and Political Development. Princeton, N.     J.: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Inkeles, A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1966 “The modernization of man.” In M. Weiner (ed.),        Modernization: The dynamics of growth. Washington, DC:     U. S. Information Agency, Voice of America.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Inkeles, A., and Smith D. H.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 Becoming modern: Individual change in six developing c     ountries. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Janowitz, M. &D. Marvickzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1953 “Authoritarian and Political Behavior.” Public        Opinion Quarterly, vol. 17.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jennings, M. Kent and Gregory B. Markuszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1984 “Partisan Orientations over the Long Haul: Results       from the Three Wave Political Socialization Panel        Study.” American Political Science Review, 78(4): 1000-    1018.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jennings, M. Kent, and Richard G. Niemizh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 The Political Character of Adolescence: The Influence      of Families and Schools. Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1975 "Continuity and Change in Political Orientation: A       Longitudinal Study of Two Generations." American        Political Science Review, 69(4): 1316-1335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1981 Generations and Politics: A Panel Study of Youth Adults     and Their Parents. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University     Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jennings, M. Kentzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2002 “Generation Unit and the Student Protest Movement in      the United States: An Intra-and Intergenerational        Analysis.” Political Psychology, 23(2): 303-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kahl, J. A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1968 The measurement of modernism: A study of values in       Brazil and Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klein, Ethelzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1984 Gender Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Langton, Kenneth P.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1969 Political Socialization, N. Y.: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     Lipset, S. R. and W. Schneiderzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1987 The Confidence Gap: Business, Labor, and Government in     the Public Mind. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins          University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGlen, Nancy E.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1980 “The impact of Parenthood on Political             Participation .” The Western Political Quarterly,     33(3): 297-313.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Miller, Arthur H.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974a “Political Issues and Trust in Government, 1964-       1970.” American Political Science Review, 69: 951-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974b “Rejoinder to ‘comment’ by Jack Citrin: Political      Discontent or Ritualism?” American Political Science      Review, 68: 989-1001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moy, Patricia and Michael, Pfauzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  2000 With malice toward all? : the media and public         confidence in democratic institutions. Westport, Conn.:     Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nadeau, Richard et al.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 “Emotions, Issue Importance, and Political Learning.”     American Journal of Political Science, 39(3): 558-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nie, Norman H. and Sidney Verbazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1975 “Political Participation.” In Free I. Greenstein &      Nelson W. Polsby (eds.), Handbook of Political Science.     Reading, Mass.: Addison-Welsley Publsihing Company. Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Niemi, Richard G., and Jane Junnzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1996 Civic Education. New Haven: Yale University Press.       Pp.:13-23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Niemi, Richard G. and M. Kent Jenningszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1991 "Issues and Inheritance in the Formation of Party       Identification," American Journal of Political Science,     35(4): 971-88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Norris, Pippazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1996 “ Does television erode social capital? Arely to        Putnam,” Political Science and Politics, 29(3): 474-80.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Palma, Giuesppe Dizh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1970 Apathy and Participation: Mass Politics in Western       Societies. N. Y.: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Patrick, J. Johnzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1977 “Political Socialization and Political Education in       Schools.” In Stanley Allen Renshon (ed.), Handbook of     Political Socialization: Theory and Research. N. Y.:      The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Patterson, Thomaszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1993 Out of Order. New York: Vintage Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pye, Lucain W.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1959 “Political Modernization and Reserch on the Process of     Political Socialization.” Items13(3).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1963 “Introduction.” In L. W. Pye (ed.), Communications      and Political Development. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton     University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1971 “Identity Crisis and the Political Culture.” In        Leonard Binder, James S. Coleman, Joseph LaPalombara,      Lucian Pye, Sidney Verba, and Myron Weiner(eds.),        Crises and Sequence in Political Development.          Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Quarles, R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1979 “Mass media use and voting behavior: The accuracy of      political perceptions among first-time and experienced     voters”, Communication Research, 6: 407-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ranney, Austinzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1971 Governing : a brief introduction to political science.     New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenberg, Riki R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1970 “The Apathetic Majority: Political Socialization of      University Students in Nationalist China”, Youth and      Society, 2:177-206.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1993 Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in American.     New York: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sanford, Nevittzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1959 “The Approach of The Authoritarian Personality.” In      James L. McCary (ed.), Psychology of Personality, N.      Y.: GrovePress.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schramm, W.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1964 Mass media and national development : the role of        information in the developing countries. Stanford,       Calif.: Stanford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1969 Responsibility in Mass Communication. New York: Harper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)     Sikes, Patricia J. and Lynda Measorzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1993 Gender and schools. London: New York : Cassell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shaffer, D. R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1996 Developmental Psychology: Childhood and adolescence. N.     Y.: Brooks/ Cole, and ITP.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sniderman, Paul M., Richard A. Brody and Philip E. Tetlockzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1991 Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political         Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verba, Sidenyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1965 “Germany: The Remarking of Political Culture.” In       Lucian W. Pye and Sidney Verba (eds.), Political        Culture and Political Development. Princeton, N. J.:      Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Bradyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1995 Voice and Equality. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weissberg, Robertzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 Political Learning, Political Choice, and Democratic      Citizenship. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall,      pp.24-5.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilson, Richard W.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1970 Learning to be Chinese: The Political Socialization of     Children in Taiwan. Cambridge: The M. I. T. Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1974 The Moral State: The Moral State: A Study of the        Political Socialization of Chinese and American         Children. N. Y.: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yang, K. S.(楊國樞)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1986 “Chinese personality and its change.” In M. H. Bond      (ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people. Hong Kong:     Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)  1988 “Will modernization eventually eliminate cross-        cultural psychological differences?” In M. H. Bond       (ed.), The cross-cultural challenge to social          psychology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.zh_TW