學術產出-Theses

題名 候選人競選行為及其效能之研究:以台灣2000年總統選舉為例
作者 廖益興
貢獻者 黃德福
廖益興
關鍵詞 總統選舉
競選行為
政治行銷
游離選民
目標選民
日期 2003
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 15:34:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著國內社會經濟快速變遷的現代化過程,游離選民的出現與政黨組織動員力量的消退,國內候選人在面對日趨激烈的選舉市場,其競選行為模型主要是採取候選人中心策略,主打候選人文宣形象戰而輔之組織動員戰。因此,採擷市場行銷學市場區隔和產品定位概念的政治行銷理論,成為現代分析候選人競選行為的主要概念架構。
二千年總統選戰連宋陳三方陣營的實際競選行為分析發現,候選人自我概念定位因素和競爭因素,是直接影響候選人競選行為內容的兩個因素,候選人的競選行為是依據「揚己之長、補己之短、攻敵之弱」的差別利益原則;而決定政黨議題空間位置分布的環境系絡因素,決定選民黨派投票分布的選民因素,以及決定候選人公眾形象評價內容的候選人因素,則是決定候選人差別利益內容的三個主要因素。
選戰期間候選人的競選作為影響選民對候選人的定位認知,當候選人競選行為出現相互矛盾,或因競爭對手的攻擊,而導致選民對候選人定位認知的衝突,則會降低或改變選民的投票支持傾向,而影響到競選行為的效能表現。其間連戰陣營採取過度追逐選票策略,在同時追逐中國意識新黨選民和本土游離選民,致使競選行為出現相互矛盾衝突,最後導致連戰的敗選;宋楚瑜則因興票案喪失原先改革選民的支持,改革選民回流支持陳水扁,最後導致宋楚瑜以3%的得票率差距敗給陳水扁。
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
政治研究所
84252502
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0084252502
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃德福zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 廖益興zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 廖益興zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 15:34:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 15:34:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 15:34:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0084252502en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34469-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 政治研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 84252502zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著國內社會經濟快速變遷的現代化過程,游離選民的出現與政黨組織動員力量的消退,國內候選人在面對日趨激烈的選舉市場,其競選行為模型主要是採取候選人中心策略,主打候選人文宣形象戰而輔之組織動員戰。因此,採擷市場行銷學市場區隔和產品定位概念的政治行銷理論,成為現代分析候選人競選行為的主要概念架構。
二千年總統選戰連宋陳三方陣營的實際競選行為分析發現,候選人自我概念定位因素和競爭因素,是直接影響候選人競選行為內容的兩個因素,候選人的競選行為是依據「揚己之長、補己之短、攻敵之弱」的差別利益原則;而決定政黨議題空間位置分布的環境系絡因素,決定選民黨派投票分布的選民因素,以及決定候選人公眾形象評價內容的候選人因素,則是決定候選人差別利益內容的三個主要因素。
選戰期間候選人的競選作為影響選民對候選人的定位認知,當候選人競選行為出現相互矛盾,或因競爭對手的攻擊,而導致選民對候選人定位認知的衝突,則會降低或改變選民的投票支持傾向,而影響到競選行為的效能表現。其間連戰陣營採取過度追逐選票策略,在同時追逐中國意識新黨選民和本土游離選民,致使競選行為出現相互矛盾衝突,最後導致連戰的敗選;宋楚瑜則因興票案喪失原先改革選民的支持,改革選民回流支持陳水扁,最後導致宋楚瑜以3%的得票率差距敗給陳水扁。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 問題意識…………………………………………………….002
第二節 競選行為效應的爭議……………………………………….011
第三節 美國選民投票行為與競選模式的演變………………….017
第四節 台灣選民投票行為與候選人競選模式的審視………….024
第二章 文獻檢討與研究方法
第一節 相關競選營為理論……………………………………….030
第二節 台灣相關競選行為的研究和發現……………………………043
第三節 研究方法………………………………………………………051
第三章 環境系絡因素與選民因素
第一節 環境系絡因素的比較…………………………………………062
第二節 選民因素的比較………………………………………………070
第三節 李、連競選策略的比較……………………………………….090
第四節 結語………………………………………………………….096
第四章 關鍵的候選人因素
第一節 連宋陳的參政史與公眾形象內容…………………………099
第二節 連宋陳三人的形象差別利益……………………………….109
第三節 連宋陳三陣營的目標選民範圍…………………………….119
第四節 結語………………………………………………………….143
第五章 連宋陳三陣營競選行為的分析
第一節 連戰陣營的競選行為……………………………………….146
第二節 宋楚瑜陣營的競選行為…………………………………….155
第三節 陳水扁陣營的競選行為…………………………………….164
第四節 結語………………………………………………………….174
第六章 連宋陳三陣營競選效能的檢視
第一節 選民對連宋陳三人投票支持可能的變化………………….188
第二節 921地震後的第一階段競選行為效能檢視…………………197
第三節 興票案後的第二階段競選行為效能檢視……………………209
第四節 選舉投票後的第三階段競選效能檢視…………………….214
第五節 結語………………………………………………………….226
第七章 結論
第一節 研究發現……………………………………………………234
第二節 研究發現的意涵…………………………………………….239
第三節 研究限制…………………………………………………….244
參考書目………………………………………………………………………….247
附錄……………………………………………………………………………….265

表次
表1-1:選戰期間連宋陳三人的民調支持度變化…………………………….007
表1-2:Mauser的競選模式分類……………………………………………...020
表1-3:九○年代國民兩黨縣市層級以上選舉之政黨得票率變化…………….026
表2-1:研究調查資料來源表…………………………………………….…061
表3-1:選民與國內各主要政黨的統獨位置……………..…………………063
表3-2:兩國論後台灣選民的國家認同分布…………………………………….065
表3-3:九○年代台灣選民與各主要政黨的安改位置….…………………….067
表3-4:九○年代選民不投票原因的次數分布..……….…...………………….074
表3-5:一九九八年立委選舉選民不去投票原因次數分配(可複選)………….076
表3-6:一九九八年立委選舉不同年齡層選民的不投票原因…..………….…....077
表3-7:一九九八年立委選舉不同教育程度選民之不投票原因………………..077
表3-8:一九九八年立委選舉選民投票參與行為的交叉分析表…..…..………...079
表3-9:四個選民集群中心之相對位置/1992立委選舉……………..………..….081
表3-10:四個選民集群之黨派投票行為交叉分析/1992立委選舉………….…082
表3-11:四個選民集群中心之相對位置/1995立委選舉…………………….…083
表3-12:四個選民集群之黨派投票行為交叉分析/1995年立委選舉……….…084
表3-13:四個選民集群中心之相對位置/1998立委選舉…………………….…086
表3-14:四個選民集群之黨派投票行為交叉分析/1998立委選舉………….…087
表3-15:九○年代台灣選民集群分佈結構……………………………………….088
表3-16:九○年代主要政黨的選票組成結構………………….………………...089
表3-17:一九九六年總統選舉政黨認同與投票支持對象交叉表………………091
表4-1:二○○○年總統所必須具備人格特質與施政能力的重要性調查...…….110
表4-2:二○○○年總統被中共接受重不重要的次數分配………………………111
表4-3:選民與連宋陳統獨立場接近性及被中共接受重要性的相關分析...…….112
表4-4:連宋陳支持者對被中共接受重要性的評分次數分布………...….………112
表4-5:候選人評價與選民投票支持對象的交叉分析………………...…….……116
表4-6:連宋陳三人形象比較利益內容……………………………………………118
表4-7:一九九六年李彭林陳支持者在連宋陳之間的流向分布……....…………120
表4-8:七個選民集群中心之相對位置/2000年總統選舉……………..….……...123
表4-9:七個選民集群的人口特徵交叉分析/2000年總統選舉…………………128
表4-10:七個選民集群與投票支持對象之交叉分析/2000年總統選舉…………131
表4-11:選民集群投票給連戰之可能性交叉表………………………………….136
表4-12:選民集群投票給宋楚瑜之可能性交叉表……………………………….138
表4-13:選民集群投票給陳水扁之可能性交叉表……………………………….140
表4-14:連宋陳三人的目標選民分布……………………………………………..141
表4-15:連宋陳三人的選票拓展可能性比較……………………………………..143
表4-16:連宋陳三人形象差別利益與目標選民比較……………………………..145
表5-1:連戰陣營競選行為的推論內容……………………………………….…...148
表5-2:連戰陣營報紙競選廣告之自我形象塑造內容……………………………149
表5-3:連戰陣營報紙競選廣告攻擊宋楚瑜之內容……………………….……...150
表5-4:連戰陣營報紙競選廣告攻擊陳水扁之內容………………………….…...152
表5-5:連戰陣營報紙競選廣告之棄保內容………………………………………153
表5-6:連戰陣營競選行為驗證比較表……………………………………………154
表5-7:宋楚瑜陣營競選行為的推論內容…………………………………………157
表5-8:宋楚瑜陣營報紙競選廣告之自我形象塑造內容………………..………..158
表5-9:宋楚瑜陣營報紙競選廣告對連戰攻擊之內容…………………….……159
表5-10:宋陣營報紙競選廣告對陳水扁攻擊之內容…………………………..…161
表5-11:宋楚瑜陣營報紙競選廣告之棄保內容…………………………………162
表5-12:宋楚瑜陣營競選行為驗證比較表………………………………………..163
表5-13:陳水扁陣營競選行為的推論內容………………………………..………166
表5-14:陳水扁報紙競選廣告之自我形象塑造內容………………………..……167
表5-15:陳水扁陣營報紙競選廣告對連戰攻擊之內容…………………………..169
表5-16:陳水扁陣營報紙競選廣告對宋楚瑜攻擊之內容……..…………………170
表5-17:陳水扁陣營報紙競選廣告之棄保內容…………………………………..171
表5-18:陳水扁陣營競選行為驗證比較表…………………………………..……173
表5-19:連宋陳三陣營報紙競選廣告負面攻擊議題次數分配…………………..175
表5-20:宋陳兩陣營對連戰候選人評價項目的攻擊次數分配…………………..176
表5-21:連陳兩陣營對宋楚瑜候選人評價項目的攻擊次數分配………………..177
表5-22:連宋兩陣營對陳水扁候選人評價項目的攻擊次數分配………………..177
表5-23:連戰陣營對宋陳的負面議題攻擊次數分配…………………..…………181
表5-24:宋楚瑜陣營對連陳的負面議題攻擊次數分配…………………………..181
表5-25:陳水扁陣營對連宋的負面議題攻擊次數分配…………………………..183
表5-26:連宋陳三陣營候選人自我概念定位次數分配…………………………..185
表6-1:各選民集群投票支持連戰可能性的變化………………………………..191
表6-2:各選民集群投票支持宋楚瑜可能性的變化……………………….……..192
表6-3:各選民集群投票支持陳水扁可能性的變化………………………………194
表6-4:各選民集群對連宋陳三人投票支持可能改變的比較……………………195
表6-5:第一次回答投票對象與第二次回答投票對象交叉/921地震……………198
表6-6:連宋陳三陣營第一階段競選行為效能比較………………………………199
表6-7:連戰陣營目標選民的競選行為效能表現……………………………….200
表6-8:連戰目標選民之選票得失流向……………………………………………201
表6-9:宋楚瑜陣營目標選民的競選行為效能表現…………………………….202
表6-10:宋楚瑜目標選民之選票得失流向………………………………….…….204
表6-11:陳水扁陣營目標選民的競選行為效能表現……………………………..205
表6-12:陳水扁目標選民之選票得失流向………………………………………..207
表6-13:第一次回答投票對象與第二次回答投票對象交叉/興票案…………….210
表6-14:連宋陳三陣營第二階段競選行為效能比較……………………………..211
表6-15:連宋陳三陣營第二階段選票得失流向…………………………………..212
表6-16:連宋陳三陣營第一、二階段競選行為效能比較..………………………..213
表6-17:第一次回答投票對象與第二次回答投票對象交叉/選後……………….216
表6-18:第一次回答投票對象與第二次回答投票對象交叉(不包括選後不表態)……...217
表6-19:連宋陳三陣營第三階段競選行為效能比較.…………………………….219
表6-20:連戰流失的支持者與最不希望哪一位候選人當選的卡方檢定………..220
表6-21:未表態游離選民不投票給連戰的主要原因………..……………………221
表6-22:宋陳固守選民不投票給連戰主要原因………………………………..…223
表6-23:選民政治態度與第一、二次投票支持對象交叉分析………...………….224
表6-24:各選民集群投票支持傾向變動比較……………………………...……...227
表6-25:連宋陳三陣營選戰三個階段的競選行為效能比較……………………228
表6-26:選戰第三階段選前未表態游離選民的投票支持分布………………..…229
表6-27:選戰第三階段連戰選票的流失方向..……………………………………231

圖次
圖1-1、美國選民政黨認同強度的分布趨勢圖……………………………….…018
圖1-2、美國總統選舉投票前二星期內才決定投票對象的分布趨勢圖……….019
圖1-3、九○年代台灣選民政黨認同趨勢圖………………………………….....025
圖2-1、分析架構圖……………………………………………………………….057
圖3-1、九○年代台灣選民統獨立場分布圖………………………………….…065
圖3-2、九○年代選民及主要政黨的統獨和安改位置分布趨勢圖…………….069
圖4-1、連宋陳三人之人格特質五項目評價的中位數雷達圖……………….…114
圖4-2、連宋陳三人之施政能力六項目評價的中位數雷達圖………………….115
圖5-1、連宋陳三人與各選民集群的空間分布圖……………………………….179
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0084252502en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 總統選舉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 競選行為zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治行銷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 游離選民zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 目標選民zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 候選人競選行為及其效能之研究:以台灣2000年總統選舉為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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