學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 公司認股權證對股價之影響
On Stock Return Processes and Conditional Heteroskedasticities with Warrant Introduction
作者 張瑞珍
Chang, Jui-Jane
貢獻者 廖四郎
張瑞珍
Chang, Jui-Jane
關鍵詞 認股權證
發行效果
稀釋效果
資本結構
Warrant
Introduction Effect
Dilution Effect
GARCH
Capital Structure
日期 2009
上傳時間 8-Apr-2010 16:48:12 (UTC+8)
摘要 雖然許多研究已針對認股權證評價進行調整,但是其價格低估的問題仍無法解決。因此,本文將探討認股權證發行對股價報酬動態過程的影響。本文將證實是否認股權證發行將影響其標的股價之動態過程,倘若股價報酬的動態過程已反應了認股權證發行的潛在稀釋效果,則進行充分調整的股權稀釋模型將低估認股權證的價格。為了確認在評價認購權證時充分調整稀釋效果的必要性,本文將檢測權證發行對股票報酬過程的影響。本文利用延伸Garch-M模型,導出四個檢驗稀釋效果的模型。實證結果顯示,在發行認股權證之後,股價報酬的變異數顯著降低,該結果在釐清股權稀釋效果與不對稱效果之後,該稀釋效果依然顯著。
As the underestimation of warrants remains unsolved after many adjustments presented by previous researchers, we further investigate the impact of the warrant introduction on the underlying stock return processes. This research attempts to determine whether the introduction of warrants influences the return processes of underlying stocks. If the introduction creates a potential dilution effect in stock return processes, full dilution adjustment pricing models would lead to underestimation. To exam whether full dilution adjustments are required for warrant pricing, the GARCH-M model has been extended to derive four models for testing the dilution effect on stock return processes. Empirical results show that the volatilities of underlying stock return processes are significantly reduced following warrant introduction even after clarification and distinguishing dilution from asymmetric effect.
參考文獻 Alberg D., Shalit, H., & Yosef, R. (2008). Estimating stock market volatility using asymmetric GARCH models. Applied Financial Economics, 18, 1201-1208.
Alkeback, P., & Hagelin, N. (1998). The impact of warrant introductions on the underlying stocks, with a comparison to stock options. The Journal of Futures Markets, 18, 307-328.
Baldauf, B., & Santoni, G. J. (1991). Stock price volatility: some evidence from an ARCH model. The Journal of Futures Markets, 11, 191-200.
Becchetti, L. (1996). The effect of bond plus equity warrant issues on underlying asset volatility: an empirical analysis with conditional and unconditional volatility measures. Applied Financial Economics, 6, 327-335.
Beckers, S. (1980). The constant elasticity of variance model and its implications for option pricing. Journal of Finance, 35, 661-673.
Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, Journal of Political Economy, 81, 637-659.
Black, F. (1976). Studies of Stock Market Volatility Changes. 1976 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economic Statistics Section, 177-181.
Bollen, N. (1998). A note on the impact of options on stock return volatility. Journal of Banking and Finance, 22, 1181-1191.
Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307-327.

Christie, A. A. (1982). The stochastic behavior of common stock variances. Journal of Financial Economics, 10, 407-432.
Christoffersen, P., & Jacobs, K. (2004). Which GARCH model for option valuation? Management Science, 50, 1204-1221.
Cox, J., & Ross, S. (1976). The valuation of options for alternative stochastic processes. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 145-166.
Crouhy, M., & Galai, D. (1991). Common errors in the valuation of warrants and options on firms with warrants. Financial Analysts Journal, 47, 89-90.
Damodaran, A., & Lim, J. (1991). The effects of option listing on the underlying stocks` return processes. Journal of Banking & Finance, 15, 647-664.
Duan, J. (1995). The GARCH option pricing model. Mathematical Finance, 5, 13-32.
Edwards, F. R. (1988a). Does futures trading increases stock market volatility? Financial Analysts Journal, 44, 63-69.
Edwards, F. R. (1988b). Futures trading and cash market volatility: stock index and interest rate Futures. The Journal of Futures Markets, 8, 421-439.
Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity With Estimates of the Vari- ance of United Kingdom Inflation. Econometrica, 50, 987-1008.
Engle, R. F., & Bollerslev, T. (1986). Modelling the Persistence of Conditional Variances. Econometric Reviews, 5, 1-50.
Engle, R., Lilien, D., & Robins, R. (1987). Estimating time varying risk premia in the term structure: the ARCH-M model. Econometrica, 55, 391-407.
Engle, R., & Ng, V. (1993). Measuring and testing the impact of news on volatility. Journal of Finance, 48, 1749-1778.
Fedenia, M., & Grammatikos, T. (1992). Options trading and the bid-ask spread of the underlying stocks. Journal of Business, 65, 335-351.
Galai, D., & Schneller, M. I. (1978). Pricing of warrants and the value of the firm. Journal of Finance, 33, 1333-1342.
Glosten, L., Jagannathan, R., & Runkle, D. (1993). On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. Journal of Finance, 48, 1779-1801.
Handley J. (2002). On the valuation of warrants. The Journal of Futures Markets, 22, 765-782.
Hauser, S., & Lauterbach, B. (1997). The relative performance of five alternative warrant pricing models. Financial Analysts Journal, 53, 55-61.
Heston S.L. (1993). A closed-form solution for options with stochastic volatility with applications to bond and currency options. Review of Financial Studies, 6, 327-343.
Hull, J., & White, A. (1987). The pricing of options on assets with stochastic volatilities. Journal of Finance, 42, 281-300.
Kamara, A., Miller, T. W., & Siegel, A. F. (1992). The effect of futures trading on the stability of Standard and Poor 500 returns. The Journal of Futures Markets, 12, 645-658.
Koziol, C. (2006). Optimal exercise strategies for corporate warrants. Quantitative Finance, 6, 37-54.
Kremer, J., & Roenfeldt, R. (1993). Warrant pricing: Jump-diffusion vs. Black-Scholes. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 28, 255-272.
Lauterbach, B., & Schultz, P. (1990). Pricing warrants: an empirical study of the Black-Scholes model and its alternatives. Journal of Finance, 45, 1181-1209.
Ma, C. K., & Rao R. P. (1988). Information asymmetry and options trading. The Financial Review, 23, 39-51.

Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48, 261-297.
Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: a new approach. Econometrica, 59, 347-370.
Schulz, G. U., & Trautmann, S. (1994). Robustness of option-like warrant valuation. Journal of Banking and Finance, 18, 841-859.
Skinner, D. (1989). Options markets and stock return volatility. Journal of Financial Economics, 23, 61-78.
Stein, J. (1987). Informational externalities and welfare-reducing speculation. Journal of Political Economy, 95, 1123-1145.
Rabemananjara, R. and Zakoïan, J. M.: 1993, Threshold ARCH models and asymmetries in volatility, Journal of Applied Econometrics 8, 31.49.
Zakoian, J. M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18, 931-955.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
金融研究所
93352501
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093352501
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 廖四郎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張瑞珍zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Jui-Janeen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張瑞珍zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Jui-Janeen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Apr-2010 16:48:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Apr-2010 16:48:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Apr-2010 16:48:12 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093352501en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38414-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 金融研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93352501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 雖然許多研究已針對認股權證評價進行調整,但是其價格低估的問題仍無法解決。因此,本文將探討認股權證發行對股價報酬動態過程的影響。本文將證實是否認股權證發行將影響其標的股價之動態過程,倘若股價報酬的動態過程已反應了認股權證發行的潛在稀釋效果,則進行充分調整的股權稀釋模型將低估認股權證的價格。為了確認在評價認購權證時充分調整稀釋效果的必要性,本文將檢測權證發行對股票報酬過程的影響。本文利用延伸Garch-M模型,導出四個檢驗稀釋效果的模型。實證結果顯示,在發行認股權證之後,股價報酬的變異數顯著降低,該結果在釐清股權稀釋效果與不對稱效果之後,該稀釋效果依然顯著。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) As the underestimation of warrants remains unsolved after many adjustments presented by previous researchers, we further investigate the impact of the warrant introduction on the underlying stock return processes. This research attempts to determine whether the introduction of warrants influences the return processes of underlying stocks. If the introduction creates a potential dilution effect in stock return processes, full dilution adjustment pricing models would lead to underestimation. To exam whether full dilution adjustments are required for warrant pricing, the GARCH-M model has been extended to derive four models for testing the dilution effect on stock return processes. Empirical results show that the volatilities of underlying stock return processes are significantly reduced following warrant introduction even after clarification and distinguishing dilution from asymmetric effect.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1
Introduction……………………………….….
p.4
Chapter 2
Literature Review……………………………
p.6
2.1 Warrant derivatives
p.6
2.2 GARCH model
p.9
2.3 GARCH-in-mean (GARCH-M) model
p.10
2.4 Asymmetric GARCH
p.10
Chapter 3
Methodology………………………………….
p.14
3.1. Theoretical Consideration on Testing the Effect of Warrants on the Underlying Stock Return Process
p.14
3.2. Stock Return Processes in the GARCH-M Model p.15
3.3. The GARCH-M Model with Volatility Modifications for Testing the Effect of Warrant Introduction
p.17
Chapter 4
Data …………………………………………..
p.24
Chapter 5
Empirical Results…………………………….
p.27
5.1. Model 1: The Dilution-Adjusted GARCH-M Model
p.27
5.2. Model 2: The Asymmetric Dilution-Adjusted GARCH-M Model
p.31
5.3. Model 3: The Dilution-Adjusted GARCH-M Model with a Threshold for Exercise Prices
p.34
5.4. Model 4: The Asymmetric Dilution-Adjusted GARCH-M Model with a Threshold for Exercise Prices
p.37


Chapter 6
Discussion…………………………………….
p.40
6.1 The Dilution Effect on Stock Return Processes
p.41
6.2 A Plausible Explanation of Changes in the Stock Return Process
p.42
Chapter 7
Conclusions…………………………………..
p.44
Appendix A The Stock Return Process of Companies in Table Ⅰ
p.49
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 877487 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093352501en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認股權證zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 發行效果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 稀釋效果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資本結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Warranten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Introduction Effecten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dilution Effecten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) GARCHen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Capital Structureen_US
dc.title (題名) 公司認股權證對股價之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) On Stock Return Processes and Conditional Heteroskedasticities with Warrant Introductionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alberg D., Shalit, H., & Yosef, R. (2008). Estimating stock market volatility using asymmetric GARCH models. Applied Financial Economics, 18, 1201-1208.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alkeback, P., & Hagelin, N. (1998). The impact of warrant introductions on the underlying stocks, with a comparison to stock options. The Journal of Futures Markets, 18, 307-328.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baldauf, B., & Santoni, G. J. (1991). Stock price volatility: some evidence from an ARCH model. The Journal of Futures Markets, 11, 191-200.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becchetti, L. (1996). The effect of bond plus equity warrant issues on underlying asset volatility: an empirical analysis with conditional and unconditional volatility measures. Applied Financial Economics, 6, 327-335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beckers, S. (1980). The constant elasticity of variance model and its implications for option pricing. Journal of Finance, 35, 661-673.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, Journal of Political Economy, 81, 637-659.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Black, F. (1976). Studies of Stock Market Volatility Changes. 1976 Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Business and Economic Statistics Section, 177-181.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bollen, N. (1998). A note on the impact of options on stock return volatility. Journal of Banking and Finance, 22, 1181-1191.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307-327.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Christie, A. A. (1982). The stochastic behavior of common stock variances. Journal of Financial Economics, 10, 407-432.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Christoffersen, P., & Jacobs, K. (2004). Which GARCH model for option valuation? Management Science, 50, 1204-1221.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cox, J., & Ross, S. (1976). The valuation of options for alternative stochastic processes. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 145-166.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crouhy, M., & Galai, D. (1991). Common errors in the valuation of warrants and options on firms with warrants. Financial Analysts Journal, 47, 89-90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Damodaran, A., & Lim, J. (1991). The effects of option listing on the underlying stocks` return processes. Journal of Banking & Finance, 15, 647-664.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duan, J. (1995). The GARCH option pricing model. Mathematical Finance, 5, 13-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, F. R. (1988a). Does futures trading increases stock market volatility? Financial Analysts Journal, 44, 63-69.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, F. R. (1988b). Futures trading and cash market volatility: stock index and interest rate Futures. The Journal of Futures Markets, 8, 421-439.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity With Estimates of the Vari- ance of United Kingdom Inflation. Econometrica, 50, 987-1008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Engle, R. F., & Bollerslev, T. (1986). Modelling the Persistence of Conditional Variances. Econometric Reviews, 5, 1-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Engle, R., Lilien, D., & Robins, R. (1987). Estimating time varying risk premia in the term structure: the ARCH-M model. Econometrica, 55, 391-407.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Engle, R., & Ng, V. (1993). Measuring and testing the impact of news on volatility. Journal of Finance, 48, 1749-1778.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fedenia, M., & Grammatikos, T. (1992). Options trading and the bid-ask spread of the underlying stocks. Journal of Business, 65, 335-351.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Galai, D., & Schneller, M. I. (1978). Pricing of warrants and the value of the firm. Journal of Finance, 33, 1333-1342.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glosten, L., Jagannathan, R., & Runkle, D. (1993). On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. Journal of Finance, 48, 1779-1801.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Handley J. (2002). On the valuation of warrants. The Journal of Futures Markets, 22, 765-782.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hauser, S., & Lauterbach, B. (1997). The relative performance of five alternative warrant pricing models. Financial Analysts Journal, 53, 55-61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heston S.L. (1993). A closed-form solution for options with stochastic volatility with applications to bond and currency options. Review of Financial Studies, 6, 327-343.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hull, J., & White, A. (1987). The pricing of options on assets with stochastic volatilities. Journal of Finance, 42, 281-300.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kamara, A., Miller, T. W., & Siegel, A. F. (1992). The effect of futures trading on the stability of Standard and Poor 500 returns. The Journal of Futures Markets, 12, 645-658.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Koziol, C. (2006). Optimal exercise strategies for corporate warrants. Quantitative Finance, 6, 37-54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kremer, J., & Roenfeldt, R. (1993). Warrant pricing: Jump-diffusion vs. Black-Scholes. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 28, 255-272.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lauterbach, B., & Schultz, P. (1990). Pricing warrants: an empirical study of the Black-Scholes model and its alternatives. Journal of Finance, 45, 1181-1209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ma, C. K., & Rao R. P. (1988). Information asymmetry and options trading. The Financial Review, 23, 39-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. The American Economic Review, 48, 261-297.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: a new approach. Econometrica, 59, 347-370.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schulz, G. U., & Trautmann, S. (1994). Robustness of option-like warrant valuation. Journal of Banking and Finance, 18, 841-859.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Skinner, D. (1989). Options markets and stock return volatility. Journal of Financial Economics, 23, 61-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stein, J. (1987). Informational externalities and welfare-reducing speculation. Journal of Political Economy, 95, 1123-1145.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rabemananjara, R. and Zakoïan, J. M.: 1993, Threshold ARCH models and asymmetries in volatility, Journal of Applied Econometrics 8, 31.49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zakoian, J. M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18, 931-955.zh_TW