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題名 普丁時期俄羅斯菁英政治之研究
A study of elite politics in Putin`s Russia
作者 林子恆
Lin, Tzu Heng
貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung Fang
林子恆
Lin, Tzu Heng
關鍵詞 政治改革
俄羅斯
強力部門幹部
普丁
菁英
Political reforms
Russia
Siloviki
Putin
Elite
日期 2008
上傳時間 9-Apr-2010 09:31:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 蘇聯時期性質單一的「意識型菁英」在戈巴契夫的政經改革下開始分化成政治菁英與經濟菁英兩大類。到了葉爾欽時期，由於國家制度不彰、政府職能紊亂以及聯邦從屬關係被破壞，再加上總統本人執政後期健康情形不佳而導致大權旁落等緣故，造成各方菁英團體為了自身利益而彼此傾軋不已，也形成了以地方勢力、反對派政黨以及經濟寡頭為箭頭的「分散型菁英」。進入普丁時期，新執政者承繼了前朝唯一「正面」的遺緒 –「集權總統制」，再佐以個人的施政風格與高人氣支持，於第一任期內便大抵完成收編菁英的政治改革：於新設立的七大聯邦區派駐聯邦權力代理人 – 總統全權代表；改革聯邦委員會以削弱地方首長勢力；組建權力黨「統一俄羅斯黨」 並掌控國家杜馬。而在「共識型菁英」的氛圍下，作為普丁政權主要幹部甄補來源的「聖彼得堡幫」成員當中，又以所謂的「強力部門幹部」為大宗。其軍警情治背景與國家治理手法不僅為普丁治下的俄羅斯型塑了「軍事政體」的外觀，更讓後共俄羅斯或多或少出現了「蘇維埃化」的傾向。
The single-natured “ideocratic elite” of the Soviet Union begins to differentiate into political and economic elite under the impact of Gorbachev’s reforms. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin’s elites jostled with each other for their interests and transformed into the “fragmented elite,” characterized by regional leaders, opposition parties and economic oligarchs. This occurred due to the malfunction of state institutions, disorder of government functions, destruction of central-peripheral relations and the regency by the President’s cronies during his illness in the second term. Later in Putin’s Russia, with the only “positive” legacy – “authoritarian presidential rule” that the new ruler inherits from his predecessor as well as his own personal ruling styles and high popularity, Putin achieves the approximate incorporation of Russian elites with the political reforms in his first term, including the delegation of Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoys as federal agents in the seven new federal districts, the weakening of regional elites by reforming the Federation Council, and the seizure of the State Duma with the party of power – “United Russia.” Under the atmosphere of the “consensual elite,” the “Petersburgers” – especially the so-called “siloviki” – constitute the main source of cadre recruitment in Putin’s Russia. The security-intelligence background and state governance tactics of these siloviki not only mold the façade of “militocracy” for Putin’s regime, but more or less contribute to the tendency of “sovietization” in post-communist Russia.
參考文獻 一、 中文部分
(一)專書
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海運、李靜杰，《葉爾欽時代的俄羅斯．政治卷》，北京：人民出版社，2001。
海運、李靜杰，《葉爾欽時代的俄羅斯．經濟卷》，北京：人民出版社，2001。
陸南泉、江長斌、徐葵、李靜杰 主編，《蘇聯興亡史論》， 北京：人民出版社，2004。
寇健文，《中共菁英政治的演變：制度化與權力轉移 1978-2004》，台北：五南，2005。
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潘德禮 主編，《俄羅斯十年 – 政治、經濟、外交》（上卷），北京：世界知識出版社，2003。
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(二)論文、期刊
吳東野，〈「半總統制」政府體制之理論與實際〉，《問題與研究》，1996，卷35，期8。頁37-49。
吳清風，〈俄羅斯總統權力之研究〉，國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，碩士論文，2006。
李建民，〈俄羅斯金融寡頭暨官僚資本主義探源〉，《東歐中亞研究》，1997，期5。頁44-53。
李維軒，〈從尤科斯事件看俄羅斯金融寡頭與政權運作之關係〉，國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，碩士論文，2005。
李興耕，〈俄羅斯國家杜馬選舉制度改革及其影響〉，《當代世界與社會主義》，2003，期2。頁64-69。
林永芳，〈俄羅斯的政黨體系與民主化〉，《俄羅斯學報》，第五期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2006，頁25-50。
陳厚文，〈蘇聯「職官名錄」制度之研究〉，國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，碩士論文，1999。
許峻郎，〈俄羅斯政治菁英流動之研究〉，國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，碩士論文，2000。
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〈寡頭們的繼任者〉，《商務周刊》，November 5, 2006 3。頁33-38。
二、 英文部分
(一) 專書 (Books)
Baker, Peter & Susan Glasser, Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the End of Revolution, New York: Scribner, 2005.
Fish, M. Steven, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1995.
Fortescue, Stephen, Russia’s Oil Barons and Metal Magnets: Oligarchs and the State in Transition, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Huskey , Eugene, Presidential power in Russia, Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.
Lane, David & Cameron Ross, The Transition from Communism to Capitalism: Ruling Elites from Gorbachev to Yeltsin, London: Macmillan, 1999.
MacKenzie, David & Michael W. Curran, A History of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Beyond, Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 4th ed., 1993.
McAuley, Mary, Soviet Politics 1917-1991, New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Michels, Robert, Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, translated by Eden and Cedar Paul. Introd. by Seymour Martin Lipset, New York: Dover Pub, 1959.
Mills, C. Wright, The Power Elite, New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Mosca, Gaetano, The Ruling Class, translated by Hannah D. Kahn; ed. and rev., with an introduction by Arthur Livingston, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1939.
Nordlinger, Eric A., On the Autonomy of the Democratic State, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Putnam, Robert D., The Comparative Study of Political Elites, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
Sakwa, Richard, Putin: Russia’s Choice, New York: Routledge, 2004.
Shevtsova, Lilia, Putin’s Russia, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.

Shevtsova, Lilia, Russia lost in transition: the Yeltsin and Putin legacies, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007.
Voslensky, Michael, translated by Eric Mosbacher, Nomenklatura: The Soviet Ruling Class, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1984.
(二) 論文、期刊 (Articles)
Babayeva, Liliya, “Elite Conceptions of Russia’s Present and Future,” in Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe, ch. 4, ed. by John Higley, Jan Pakulski & Włodzimierz Wesołowski, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Macmillan Press ; New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998, pp.97-106.
Baev, Pavel K., “The Evolution of Putin’s Regime: Inner Circles and Outer Walls,” Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 51, No. 6, 2004, pp.3-13.
Bacon, Edwin, “Russia’s Law on Political Parties: democracy by decree?,” in Russian Politics under Putin, ch. 3, ed. by Cameron Ross, Manchester, U.K. ; New York : Manchester University Press ; New York, N.Y. : Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave, 2004, pp.39-52.
Belin, Laura, “Politics and the mass media under Putin,” in Russian Politics under Putin, ch. 8, ed. by Cameron Ross, Manchester, U.K.; New York: Manchester University Press; New York, N.Y.: Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave, 2004, pp.133-154.
Blakkisrud, Helge, “The Rise and Fall of the Russian Governor: Institutional Design v.s. Patron/Client Relationships,” in Elites and Democratic Development in Russia, ch. 5, ed. by Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel’man, London: Routledge, 2003, pp.71-91.
Bremmer, Ian, “Who’s in Charge in the Kremlin,” World Policy Journal, Winter 2005/06, pp.1-6.
Bremmer, Ian & Samuel Charap, “The Siloviki in Putin’s Russia: Who They Are and What They Want,” The Washington Quarterly, Winter 2006-07, pp.83-92.
Collier, David & Steven Levitsky, “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research,” World Politics, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1997, pp.430-451.
Evans, Mark, “Elitism,” in Theory and Methods in Political Science, ch. 12, ed. by David Marsh & Gerry Stoker, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]; New York: Palgrave, 1995, pp.228-247.
Fodor, Eva, Edmund Wnuk-Lipinski & Natasha Yershova, “The New Political and Cultural Elite,” Theory and Society, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1995, pp.783-800.
Gel’man, Vladimir & Inessa Tarusina, “Studies of Political Elites in Russia,” in Elites and Democratic Development in Russia, ch. 11, ed. by Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel’man, London: Routledge, 2003, pp.187-205.
Hahn, Gordon, “Reforming the Federation,” in Developments in Russian politics 6, ch. 9, ed. by Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 148-167.
Hanley, Eric, Natasha Yershova & Richard Andrson, “Russia – Old Wine in a New Bottle? The Circulation and Reproduction of Russian Elites, 1983-1993,” Theory and Society, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1995, pp.639-668.
Higley, John & György Lengyel, “Introduction: Elite Configurations after State Socialism,” in Elites after State Socialism: Theories and Analysis, ch. 1, ed. by John Higley & György Lengyel, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, pp.1- 21.
Higley, John, Jan Pakulski & Włodzimierz Wesołowski, “Introduction: Elite Change and Democratic Regimes in Eastern Europe,” in Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe, ch. 1, ed. by John Higley, Jan Pakulski & Włodzimierz Wesołowski, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Macmillan Press ; New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998, pp.1- 33.
Higley, John, Judith Rullberg & Jan Pakulski, “The Persistence of Postcommunist Élite,” Journal of Democracy, 7, 2, April 1996, pp.133-147.
Higley, John, Judith Rullberg & Jan Pakulski, “The Persistence of Postcommunist Élite,” in Journal of Democracy, 7, 2 , April 1996, pp.133-147
Higley, John, Oksan Bayulgen & Julie George, “Political Elite Integration and Differentiation in Russia,” in Elites and Democratic Development in Russia, ch. 2, ed. by Anton Steen & Vladimir Gel’man, London; New York: Routledge, 2003, pp.11- 28.
Huskey, Eugene, “Overcoming the Yeltsin Legacy: Vladimir Putin and Russian Political Reform,” Contemporary Russian Politics: A Reader, ch. 6, ed. by Archie Brown, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 82-96.
Huskey, Eugene, Political Leadership and the Center-Periphery Struggle,” Gorbachev, Yeltsin and Putin: political leadership in Russia’s transition, ch. 5, ed. by Archie Brown & Lilia Shevtsova, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001, pp. 113-141.
Hyde, Matthew, “Putin’s Federal Reforms and their Implications for Presidential Power in Russia, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 53, No. 5, 2001, pp.719-743.
Illarionov, Andrei, “Reading Russia: THE SILOVIKI IN CHARGE,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2009, pp.69-72.
Kryshtanovskaya, Ol’ga, “Transformation of the Old Nomenklatura into a New Russian Elite,” Sociological Research, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1995, pp.6-26.
Kryshtanovskaya, Ol’ga & Stephen White, “From Power to Property: The Nomenklatura in Post-Communist Russia,” Elites and leadership in Russian politics: selected papers from the fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995, ch. 5, ed. by Graeme Gill, New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998, pp.81-105.
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Kryshtanovskaya, Ol’ga & Stephen White, “Inside the Putin Court: A Research Note,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 57, No. 7, November 2005, pp.1065-1075.
Kryshtanovskaya, Ol’ga & Stephen White, “Losing Power in Russia,” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 21, No. 2, June 2005, pp.200-222.
Kryshtanovskaya, Ol’ga & Stephen White, “Putin’s Militocracy,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2003, pp.289-306.
Kryshtanovskaya, Ol’ga & Stephen White, “The Rise of the Russian Business Elite,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 39, 2005, pp.293-307.
Lane, David & Cameron Ross, “The Changing Composition and Structure of the Political Elites,” in Russia in Transition, ed. by David Lane, London: Longman, 1995, pp.52-75.
Lane, David & Cameron Ross, “The Russian Political Elites, 1991-95: Recruitment and Renewal,” in Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe, ch. 2, ed. by John Higley, Jan Pakulski & Włodzimierz Wesołowski, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Macmillan Press ; New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998, pp.34-66.
Michael McFaul, “The Electoral System,” in Developments in Russian politics 6, ch. 2, ed. by Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 61-79.
McFaul, Michael & Nikolai Petrov, “The Changing Function of Elections in Russian Politics,” in Russia after communism, ch. 2, ed. by Anders Åslund & Martha Brill Olcott, Washington, D.C. : Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999, pp.27-60.
Petrov, Nikolay, “Siloviki in Russian Regions: New Dogs, Old Tricks,” The Journal of Power Institution in Post-Soviet Societies, Issue 2, 2005, pp.1-17.
Petrov, Nikolai & Darrell Slider, “Putin and the Regions,” in Putin’s Russia: past imperfect, future uncertain, ch. 12, ed. by Dale R. Herspring, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, pp.237-258.
Remington, Thomas, “Putin, the Duma, and Political Parties,” in Putin’s Russia: past imperfect, future uncertain, ch. 3, ed. by Dale R. Herspring, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, pp.31-54.
Renz, Bettina, “Putin’s Militocracy? An Alternative Interpretation of Siloviki in Contemporary Russian Politics,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, No. 6, September 2006, pp.903-924.
Rivera, Sharon Werning, “Elites in Post-communist Russia: A Changing of the Guard?,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, No. 3, 2000, pp.413-432.
Rivera, Sharon Werning & David W. Rivera, “The Russian Elite under Putin: Militocratic or Bourgeois?,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2006, pp.125-144.
Ross, Cameron, “Putin’s federal reforms,” in Russian Politics under Putin, ch. 9, ed. by Cameron Ross, Manchester, U.K. ; New York: Manchester University Press ; New York, N.Y.: Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave, 2004, pp.155-175.
Rutland, Peter, “Putin and the Oligarchs,” in Putin’s Russia: past imperfect, future uncertain, ch. 9, ed. by Dale R. Herspring, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, pp.161-182.
Schmitter, Philippe, “Still the Century of Corporatism,” Review of Politics, Vol. 36, 1974, pp.85-131.
Shevtsova, Lilia, “Putin’s Legacy: How the Russian Elite Is Coping with Russia’s Challenges,” Briefing Paper of program: Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions, Moscow center of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Vol.8, Issue 4, June 2006, pp.1-8
Slider, Darrell, “Politics in the Region,” in Developments in Russian politics 6, ch. 10, ed. by Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 168-185.
Staun, Jørgen, “Siloviki versus liberal-technocrats: The fight for Russia and its foreign policy,” Danish Institute for International Studies Report, 2007:9, pp.1-70.
Stengel, Richard, “Choosing Order Before Freedom,” Time, Vol. 170, No. 26/27, 2007, pp.22-23.
Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn, “Central Weakness and Provincial Autonomy: Observations on the Devolution Process in Russia,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1999, pp.87-106.
Szelény, Ivan & Szonja Szelényi, “Circulation or Reproduction of Elites during the Postcommunist Transformation of Eastern Europe,” Theory and Society, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1995, pp.615-638.
White, Stephen, “The Political Parties,” in Developments in Russian politics 6, ch. 5, ed. by Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 80-95.
White, Stephen & Ol’ga Kryshtanovskaya, “Russia: Elite Continuity and Change,” in Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes, ch. 6, ed. by Mattei Dogan & John Higley, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998, pp.125-146.
Willerton, John P., “Post-Soviet Clientelist Norms at the Russian Federal Level,” Elites and leadership in Russian politics: selected papers from the fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995, ch. 4, ed. by Graeme Gill, New York: St. Martin`s Press, 1998, pp.52-80.
Willerton, John P., “Putin and the Hegemonic Presidency,” in Developments in Russian politics 6, ch. 2, ed. by Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005, pp. 18-39.
三、 俄文部分
(一) 專書 (Книги)
Делягин Михаил, Россия после Путина. Неизбежна ли в России «оранжево-зелёная» революция? , Москва: Вече, 2005.
Зенькович Николай, Путинская энциклопедия. Семья. Команда. Оппоненты. Преемники. , Москва: Олма-Медиа Групп, 2008.
Конституция Российской Федерации (с гимном России), Москва: Проспект, 2006.
Крыштановская Ольга, Анатомия Российской Элиты, Москва: Захаров, 2005.
Медведев Рой, Владимир Путин: второй срок, Москва: Время, 2006.
Медведев Рой, Владимир Путин: четыре года в Кремле, Москва: Время, 2005.
Мухин Алексей, Кто есть мистер Путин и кто с ним пришёл?, Москва: Гном и Д, 2002.
(二) 論文、期刊 (Статьи)
Зубаревич Наталья, Николай Петров, Алексей Титков, «Федеральные округа - 2000», Регионы России в 1999г.: Ежегодное Приложение к ”Политическому Альманаху России,” Москва: Центр Карнеги, 2001, сс.176-196.
Крыштановская Ольга, «От милитократии к меритократии?», Русский Журнал, выпуск 1, май 2008, сс.59-69.
Пляйс Я. А., «Новое законодательство о выборах и партийное строительство в России», PRO NUNC: Современные политические процессы. Выпуск 8. Политические элиты в условиях электорального формата трансформации власти, Тамбов, 2008, сс.101-118.
四、 電子文獻部份
Anatoly Medetsky, “Siloviki’s Pyramid of Power Revealed,” The St. Petersburg Times, 20 January 2004.
〈http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=100&story_id=12039〉(3 January 2009)
Brian Whitmore, “Inside The Corporation: Russia’s Power Elite,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 15 October 2007.
〈http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1078958.html〉(8 October 2008)
Kim Murphy, “Russia’s New Elite Draws From Old KGB,” Los Angeles Times, November 10, 2007.
〈http://articles.latimes.com/2003/nov/10/world/fg-spies10〉（20 December 2008）
Neil Buckley & Arkady Ostrovsky, “Back in business – how Putin’s allies are turning Russia into a corporate state,” The Financial Times, 19 June 2006.
〈http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d776a916-ff2f-11da-84f3-0000779e2340.html〉(12 April 2009)
William Safire, “Siloviki Versus Oligarchy,” The New York Times, 5 November 2003.
〈http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/05/opinion/05SAFI.html〉(17 December 2008)
“Capital flight resumes in Russia after Yukos affair,” The Epoch Times, 13 November 2003.
〈http://en.epochtimes.com/news/3-11-14/14644.html〉(16 July 2009)
“Kremlin Riddled with Former KGB Agents,” 14 December 2006.
〈http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,454486,00.html〉（23 April 2008）
“Patron-Client Theory,” September 2005.
〈http://olivia935813.blogspot.com/2005/09/patron-client-theory_27.html〉（25 May 2009）
“Russia: Expert Eyes Security Ties Among Siloviki,” 20 December 2006.
〈http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1073593.html〉（15 March 2009）
“Russia under Putin: The make of a neo-KGB state,” Economist, Vol.8, Aug 23rd 2007.
〈http://www.finrosforum.fi/?p=513&language=en〉（4 March 2008）
Ольга Крыштановская, «Большой переход: Уйти, чтобы остаться», 23 апреля 2008.
〈http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/23/146739〉（23 April 2008）
Ольга Крыштановская, «Back to USSR. Новая российская элита», 28 апреля 2008. 〈http://www.centrasia.ru/news2.php?st=1209368760〉（15 July 2009）
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「尤里．列瓦達」分析中心」：〈http://www.levada.ru/〉
「俄羅斯聯邦總統」：〈http://www.kremlin.ru/mainpage.shtml〉
「俄羅斯聯邦中央選舉委員會」：〈http://www.cikrf.ru/〉
「俄羅斯聯邦安全會議」：〈http://www.scrf.gov.ru/〉
「維基百科」：〈http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Заглавная_страница〉
「Яндекс」：〈http://www.yandex.ru/〉
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
93263001
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093263001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林子恆zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Tzu Hengen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林子恆zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Tzu Hengen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Apr-2010 09:31:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Apr-2010 09:31:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Apr-2010 09:31:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093263001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38495-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93263001zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 蘇聯時期性質單一的「意識型菁英」在戈巴契夫的政經改革下開始分化成政治菁英與經濟菁英兩大類。到了葉爾欽時期，由於國家制度不彰、政府職能紊亂以及聯邦從屬關係被破壞，再加上總統本人執政後期健康情形不佳而導致大權旁落等緣故，造成各方菁英團體為了自身利益而彼此傾軋不已，也形成了以地方勢力、反對派政黨以及經濟寡頭為箭頭的「分散型菁英」。進入普丁時期，新執政者承繼了前朝唯一「正面」的遺緒 –「集權總統制」，再佐以個人的施政風格與高人氣支持，於第一任期內便大抵完成收編菁英的政治改革：於新設立的七大聯邦區派駐聯邦權力代理人 – 總統全權代表；改革聯邦委員會以削弱地方首長勢力；組建權力黨「統一俄羅斯黨」 並掌控國家杜馬。而在「共識型菁英」的氛圍下，作為普丁政權主要幹部甄補來源的「聖彼得堡幫」成員當中，又以所謂的「強力部門幹部」為大宗。其軍警情治背景與國家治理手法不僅為普丁治下的俄羅斯型塑了「軍事政體」的外觀，更讓後共俄羅斯或多或少出現了「蘇維埃化」的傾向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The single-natured “ideocratic elite” of the Soviet Union begins to differentiate into political and economic elite under the impact of Gorbachev’s reforms. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin’s elites jostled with each other for their interests and transformed into the “fragmented elite,” characterized by regional leaders, opposition parties and economic oligarchs. This occurred due to the malfunction of state institutions, disorder of government functions, destruction of central-peripheral relations and the regency by the President’s cronies during his illness in the second term. Later in Putin’s Russia, with the only “positive” legacy – “authoritarian presidential rule” that the new ruler inherits from his predecessor as well as his own personal ruling styles and high popularity, Putin achieves the approximate incorporation of Russian elites with the political reforms in his first term, including the delegation of Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoys as federal agents in the seven new federal districts, the weakening of regional elites by reforming the Federation Council, and the seizure of the State Duma with the party of power – “United Russia.” Under the atmosphere of the “consensual elite,” the “Petersburgers” – especially the so-called “siloviki” – constitute the main source of cadre recruitment in Putin’s Russia. The security-intelligence background and state governance tactics of these siloviki not only mold the façade of “militocracy” for Putin’s regime, but more or less contribute to the tendency of “sovietization” in post-communist Russia.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機與目的 …………………………………………1
第二節 研究範圍與限制 …………………………………………4
第三節 研究途徑與方法 …………………………………………6
第四節 文獻回顧 …………………………………………………8
第五節 章節安排 ………………………………………………21

第二章 菁英政治的歷史脈絡 ……………………………23
第一節 蘇聯時期 ………………………………………………24
第二節 葉爾欽時期 ...................................38
第三節 俄羅斯菁英的轉變與延續 ……………………………57
第四節 小結 ……………………………………………………65

第三章 菁英收編的政治策略 ……………………………67
第一節 中央集權體系的恢復與新聯邦菁英的產生 …………68
第二節 聯邦委員會的改革與地方首長的新定位 ……………80
第三節 創立政黨的新原則與國家杜馬的轉變 ………………87
第四節 小結 ……………………………………………………101

第四章 菁英的組成、運作與影響 ………………………103
第一節 菁英的組成過程 ………………………………………104
第二節 強力部門幹部的運作模式 ……………………………118
第三節 「政權軍事化」的影響 ……………………………131
第四節 小結 …………………………………………………147

第五章 結論 ………………………………………………149

參考文獻 …………………………………………………157		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2653679 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093263001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治改革zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 俄羅斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 強力部門幹部zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 普丁zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 菁英zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Political reformsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Russiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Silovikien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Putinen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Eliteen_US
dc.title (題名) 普丁時期俄羅斯菁英政治之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A study of elite politics in Putin`s Russiaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lane, David & Cameron Ross, “The Changing Composition and Structure of the Political Elites,” in Russia in Transition, ed. by David Lane, London: Longman, 1995, pp.52-75.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、 俄文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一) 專書 (Книги)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Делягин Михаил, Россия после Путина. Неизбежна ли в России «оранжево-зелёная» революция? , Москва: Вече, 2005.zh_TW
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