1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 傳播學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 2007至2009中華台北男女籃國家代表隊在瓊斯盃新聞中的性別差異
Gender differences in news coverage between men and women players for Chinese Taipei basketball teams in Jones Cup from 2007 to 2009
作者 江佳琪
Chiang, Ricie
貢獻者 鄭怡卉
Cheng, I-Huei
江佳琪
Chiang, Ricie
關鍵詞 性別差異
女籃
男籃
瓊斯盃
性別再現
Gender difference
women`s basketball
men`s basketball
Jones Cup
Gender representation in media
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-四月-2010 14:21:13 (UTC+8)
摘要 無
The current study is aimed to more closely examine the gendered coverage for basketball in Taiwan’s newspapers. Newspaper coverage of the Jones Cup from 2007-2009 was content analyzed, along with in-depth interviews with the reporters and editors. The results revealed that quantitatively, news coverage on women’s basketball has greatly improved in comparison with data in the past literature. However, qualitatively, the gendered values proved, such as infantilization and sexualization, still exist and are embedded in sports news nowadays.
The examples of better the reporting patterns for women’ws basketball were identified with the principle of emphasizing on sports performance. In addition, there are a few consensuses among the interviewees on the challenges and suggestions for women’s basketball in Taiwan, including (1) the current system, (2) marketing and (3) media relations. In short, the purpose of the current study provides and offers practical suggestions of how to fairly report women basketball games and other women sports.
參考文獻 中文文獻:
王文科，2002。教育研究法。台北：五南，頁154。
王石番，1989。傳播內容分析法。台北：幼獅。
中新社 (2007年11月17日)。京奧純利料逾二億。香港文匯報。上網日期：2008年5月7日。World Wide Web: http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/11/17/BG0711170001.htm
米德 (Mead M.)著(2003)。三個原始部落的性別與氣質 (Sex and temperament in three primitive societies)。(宋踐等譯)。台北：遠流。(原作1950出版)
李美枝，1984。女性心理學。台北：大洋出版社。
李慈梅，2003。我國報紙運動新聞之運動價值分析研究 – 以民生報、中國時報為例。國立台灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。
林永富，2004。奧運會的資訊科技。國民體育季刊，33(2)，78-83。
林幼萍，1999。媒體體育新聞記者人口變項之分析。國立體育學院論叢，10(1)，129-141。
邱金松，1984。體育運動有關報紙社論之內容與取向分析。中華民國大專院校體育總會七十三年度學術研討會專刊，293-302。
邱金松，1988。運動社會學。桃園縣: 國立體育學院。
吳淑儀，1997。台灣主要報紙對奧運新聞報導之內容研究。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
胡幼偉、侯致遠、施致平，1999。運動傳播與輿論反應現況與展望。台北市：行政院體育委員會。
施致平，1992。記者專業意理與新聞製作流程對體育新聞報導之影響。國立台灣師範大學體育學系碩士論文。
侯致遠，1991。臺灣地區大眾傳播研究文獻之分析及未來可行之研究方向。國立體育學院論叢，2(1)，41-52。
洪萬生，2003。「性別」的意義。潘慧玲主編，性別議題導論，高等教育出版。
洪嘉蔆，2003。運動新聞文本的性別意涵分析。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
倪炎元，2003。再現的政治:台灣報紙媒體對「他者」建構的論述分析。台北:韋伯。
連思晨，2008。從運動產業複合體看運動節目的性別偏差 – 以SBL及WSBL為例。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
陳芸英，1994。三國鼎力誰報天下。職業棒球雜誌，101，14-16。
許智惠，2003。報紙運動新聞議題設定效果研究—以2002年世界盃足球賽為例。國立台灣師範大學運動與休閒館裡研究所碩士學位論文。
張艾湘，2004。女性雜誌中女性形象內容產製之分析。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
張孝銘，1998。論現代運動中之意識型態。中華體育，12(2)，26-33。
翁秀琪，1992。大眾傳播理論與實證。臺北:三民書局。
黃郁婷，2005。運動閱聽人性別意識形態之研究–以第20屆亞洲女子籃球錦標賽為例。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。
黃雅惠，2003。女性運動員參與競技運動之演變趨勢。國民體育季刊，136， 46-52。
楊孝榮，1978。傳播研究方法總論。台北：三民。
楊孝榮，1989。社會及行為科學研究法。台北：東華，頁831。
臧國仁，1998。新聞報導與真實建構:新聞框架的理論觀點。傳播研究集刊，3，273-275。
廖清海，1996。台灣職業棒球新聞報導內容之分析研究。國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
鄭欣怡，2001。電視運動轉播中男女主播語言使用之差異。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
蘇善村，1995。報社組織控制之研究。國立交通大學傳播科技研究所碩士論文。

English references:
Auster, C. J., and Ohm S. C. (2000, Oct). Masculinity and femininity in contemporary American society: A reevaluation using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Gender Role. Retrieved Dec. 20, 2007 from the World Wide Web http://www.findarticles.com/cf /m2294/2000_Oct/71966971/p l/ article.jhtml?term=Masculinity.
Benton, M. & Frazier, P. J. (1976). The agenda-setting function of the mass media at the three levels of “information holding.” Communication Research, 3(3), 261-274.
Billings, A. C. (2000). In search of women athletes: ESPN’s list of the top 100 athletes of the century. Journal of Sport& Social Issues, 20, 415-21.
Billings, A. C., Halone, K. K. & Denham, B. E. (2002). “Man, That Was a Pretty Shot”: An Analysis of Gendered Broadcast Commentary Surrounding the 2000 Men’s and Women’s NCAA Final Four Basketball Championships. Mass Communication & Society, 2002, 5(3), 295-315.
Birrell, S., & Loy, J. W. (1981). Media sport: Hot and cool. In J. W. Log, G. S. Kenyon, &B. D. McPherson (Eds.) Sport, culture and society: a reader on society of sport (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
Blinde, E. M., Greendorfer, S.L., & Sankner, R. J. (1991).Differential media coverage of men’s and women’s intercollegiate basketball: Reflection of gender ideology. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 15, 98-144.
Bryson, L. (1994). Sport and the maintenance of masculine hegemony. In S. Birrell & C. L. Cole (Eds), Women, sport, and culture. Champagne, IL: Human Kinetics.
Coakley, J. J. (1977). Sport in society: Issues & controversies (6th ed). Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw-Hill.
Cohen, B. C. (1963). The Press and Foreign Policy. Princeton, NY: Princeton University Press.
Craft, S. & Wanta, W. (2004). Women in The Newsroom: Influences of Female Editors and Reporters on the News Agenda. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 81, No. 1, Spring 2004, 124-138.
Crossman, J., Hyslop, P., & Guthrie, B. (1994). A content analysis of the sports section of Canada’s national newspaper with respect to gender and professional/ amateur status. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 29,123-131.
Cunningham, G. B. (2003). Media coverage of women’s sport: A new look at an old problem. Physical Educator, 60(2), 43.
Cutlip, S. M., Center, A. H., &Broom, G. M. (2000). Effective public relations. Upper Saddle River, Ni: Prentice Hall.
Daddario, G. (1994). Chilly scenes of the 1992 Winter Games: The mass media and the marginalization of female athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11(3), 275-88.
Dominick, J. R. (1990). The Dynamics of Mass Communication. US: McGraw-Hill.
Donaton, S. (1992, Jan. 27). `WSJ` in Olympics. Advertising Age, 63(4), 48.
Duncan, M. C., and Messner, M. A. (1998). The media image of sport and gender. In Wenner, L.A. (ed.). MeiaSport. London: Routledge.
Duncan, M. C., Messner, M. A., Williams, L., & Jensen, K. (1990). Gender stereotyping in televised sports. Los Angeles: Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles.
Eastman, S. T., & Billings, A. (2000). Sportscasting and sports reporting: The power of gender bias. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24, 192-213.
Etling, L. (2002). An Uphill Climb, APSE Newsletter, June 2002, 7.
Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. New York: Pantheon Book.
Gibbons, S. (2003). On Court, Fields and in the Stands, Sport News Is Shortchanging Women. Media Report to Women, 31(2), 24.
Halbert, C., & Latimer, M. (1994). Battling gendered language: An analysis of the language used by sports commentator in a televised coed tennis competition. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 298-308.
Hallmark, J. R., & Armstrong, R. N. (1999). Gender equity in televised sports: A comparative analysis of men’s and women’s NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Broadcasts, 1991-1995. Journal of Broadcasting &Electronic Media, 43.
Hardin, M. & Shain, S. (2005a). Female Sports Journalists: Are We There Yet? ‘No.’ Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4, Fall 2005, 22-137.
Hardin, M. & Shain, S. (2005b). How Women in Sports Media Assimilate Into Their Careers: A Survey of Practitioners. Paper presented at AEJMC, San Antonio, Texas, 15.
Hardin, M. & Whiteside, E. (2008). Maybe It`s Not A "Generational Thing": Values and Beliefs of Aspiring Sports Journalists About Race and Gender. Media Report to Women, 36(2), 8.
Hardin, M., Chance, J., Dodd, J. E., & Hardin, B. (2002). Olympic photo coverage fair to female athletes. Newspaper Research Journal, 23(2), 64.
Hardin, M., Dodd, J. E., & Chance, J. (2005). On Equal Footing? The Framing of Sexual Difference in Runner’s World. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal, 14(2), 40.
Hargreaves, J. (1982). Sport, culture and ideology. In J. Hargreaves (ed.), Sport, culture and ideology, pp.30-61. London : Routledge & Kegan Pual.
Hargreaves, J. (1994). Sport females: Critical issues in the history and society of women’s sport. London: Routledge.
Higgs, C., Weiller, K., & Martin, S. (2003). Gender bias in the 1996 Olympic games: a comparative analysis. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27(1), 52-64.
Hilliard, D. C. (1994). Televised sport and the (anti)sociological imagination. Journal of Sport & Social Issues,18, 88-99.
Hirsch, P. M. (1977). Occupational, organizational and institutional models in mass communication, in P.M. Hirsch et al. (eds.), Strategies for communication research, pp. 13-42. CA: Berverly Hills.
Holsti, O.R. (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Kane, M. J. (1988). Media Coverage of the Female Athlete Before, During, and After Title IX: Sports Illustrated Revisited. Journal of Sport Management, 2(2), 87-99.
Kane, M. J., & Parks, J. B. (1992). The social Construction of gender difference and hierarchy in sport Journalism- Few new twists on very old themes. Women’s Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 1, 49-83.
Katz, J. (1996). Masculinity and Sports Culture. In Lapchich, R. E., 1996, Sport in society. U.S.:Sage Publications.
Kian, E. M., Mondello, M. & Vincent J. (2009). ESPN – The Women’s Sports Network? A Content Analysis of Internet Coverage of March Madness. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Sep. 2009, 477-495.
King, Pu-tsung. (1994). Issue agenda in the 1992 Taiwan legislative election. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Texas.
Klein, M. L. (1988). Woman in the discourse of sport reports. International Review for Sociology of Sport, 23, 139-151.
Koivula, N. (1999). Gender stereotyping in televised media sport coverage. Sex Role, 41(7), 589.
Laster, P. (1988). Use of elements on newspaper front pages. Journalism Quarterly, 65(3), 760-763.
Lasswell, H. (1948). The structure and function of communication in Society’. In L. Bryson (Ed.), The Communication of Ideas. New York: Harper& Row.
Leath, V. M., & Lumpkin, A. (1992). An analysis of sportwomen on the covers and in the feature articles of ‘Women’s Sports and Fitness Magazine.’ Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 162.
Lee, J. (1992). Media Portrayals of Male and Female Olympic Athletes: Analyses of Newspaper Accounts of the 1984 and the 1988 Summer Games. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27(3), 197-222.
Lippman, W. (1922). Public Opinion. New York: MacMillan.
Lipsky, R. (1981). How we play the game. Boston: Beacon.
Lumpkin, A. & Williams, L. D. (1991). An analysis of Sports Illustrated feature articles, 1954-1987. Sociology of Sport Journal, 8, 16-32.
McKay, J. & Rowe, D. (1987). Ideology, the media, and Australian sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 4, 258-273.
McPherson, B. D., Curtis, J. E. & Log, J. W. (1989). The social significance of sport: An introduction to the sociology of sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
McQuail, D. (1983). Mass communication theory: an introduction. London: Sage.
Media Report to Women. (2002). Women in sports not covered seriously: beauty, sexiness part of the package. 30(1), 7.
Media Report to Women. (2006). Sports Editors Group Issues First “Report Card” on Race, Gender in Sports Journalism. 34(4), 5.
Media Report to Women. (2007). Survey: Title IX Coverage Influenced by Attitude of Sports Journalists. 35(4), 1.
Media Report to Women. (2008). AP Sports Editors Make Virtually No Progress Advancing Women. 36(3), 3.
Messner, M. A. (1988). Sports and male domination: the female athletes as contested ideological terrain. Sociology of Sport Journal, 5(3), 197-211
Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Kerry J. (1993). Separating the men from the girls: The gendered language of televised sports. Gender & Society, 7(1), 121.
Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Williams, N. (2006). This revolution is not being televised. Contexts, 5(3), 34.
Pedersen, P. M. (2003). Examining stereotypical written and photographic reporting on the sports page: An analysis of newspaper coverage of interscholastic athletics. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal. Spring, 12(1), 67.
Pirinen, R. (2002). Catching up with men? Finnish newspaper coverage of women’s entry into traditionally male sports. In Scraton, S. & Flintoff, A., Gender and sport: A reader. NY: Routledge.
Real, M. R. (1975). Super bowl: mythic spectacle. Journal of Communication, 25(1), 31-43.
Rintala, J., & Birrell, S. (1984). Fair treatment for the active female: A content analysis of Young Athlete magazine. Sociology of Sport Journal, 1, 231-50.
Roedl, S. ( 2007). Framing sexual difference: Front page photographs of the 2006 Winter Olympics. International Communication Association; 2007 Annual Meeting, p.1. San Francisco
Roedl, S., 2007-05-23 "Framing Sexual Difference: Front Page Photographs of the 2006 Winter Olympics" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p173437_index.html
Shoemaker, P. J. (1991). Gatekeeping. Newburry Park, CA: Sage.
Soley, L. C. & Reid, L. N. (1979). Sports Illustrator’s coverage of women in sports. Journalism Quarterly. 56(3), 851-863.
Tuchman,G. (1978). Making news: A study in construction of reality. N.Y.: The Free Press.
Tuchman, G., Daniels, A. K., & Benet, J. (Eds.). (1978). Hearth and home: Images of women in the mass media. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tuggle, C. A. (1997). Differences in television sports of men’s and women’s athletics: ESPN Sorts Center and CNN Sports Tonight. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41(1),14.
Tuggle, C.A., Huffman, S., & Rosengard, D.S. (2002). A descriptive analysis of NBC`s coverage of the 2000 summer Olympics. Mass Communication & Society, 5(3), 361-375.
Wanta W. (1997). The public and the national agenda: How people learn about important issues. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Weiller, K., Higgs, C., & Greenleaf, C. (2004). Analysis of Television Media Commentary of the 2000 Olympic Games. Media Report to Women, 32(3), 14.
Wenner, L. A. (1989). Media, sport, and society: the research agenda. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, Sports, and Society, pp.13-45. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Wenner, L. A., & Gantz, W. (1998). Watching sports on television: audience experience, gender, fanship, and marriage. In Wenner, L.A. (ed.) MediaSport. London: Routledge.
Whisenant, W. A. & Pedersen, P. M. (2004). Analyzing Attitudes Regarding Quantity and Quality of Sports Page Coverage: Athletic Director Perceptions of Newspaper Coverage Given to Interscholastic Sports. International Sports Journal, 8(1), 54.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學程(IMICS)
95461005
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0954610054
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄭怡卉zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Cheng, I-Hueien_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 江佳琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Chiang, Ricieen_US
dc.creator (作者) 江佳琪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiang, Ricieen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-四月-2010 14:21:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-四月-2010 14:21:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-四月-2010 14:21:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0954610054en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38335-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95461005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 無zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The current study is aimed to more closely examine the gendered coverage for basketball in Taiwan’s newspapers. Newspaper coverage of the Jones Cup from 2007-2009 was content analyzed, along with in-depth interviews with the reporters and editors. The results revealed that quantitatively, news coverage on women’s basketball has greatly improved in comparison with data in the past literature. However, qualitatively, the gendered values proved, such as infantilization and sexualization, still exist and are embedded in sports news nowadays.
The examples of better the reporting patterns for women’ws basketball were identified with the principle of emphasizing on sports performance. In addition, there are a few consensuses among the interviewees on the challenges and suggestions for women’s basketball in Taiwan, including (1) the current system, (2) marketing and (3) media relations. In short, the purpose of the current study provides and offers practical suggestions of how to fairly report women basketball games and other women sports.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF FIGURES v
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Significance of Study 3
2. Literature Review 5
2.1 Social Meaning of Mediated Sports 5
2.1.1 Sports Fields as Miniature Society 5
2.1.2 Media as Magnifier for Social Values 6
2.2 Gender Differences in News Coverage of Sports 9
2.2.1 Amount of News Coverage 9
2.2.2 Visual and Editorial Elements 11
2.2.3 Values Embedded in Gendered News 13
2.3 Influence of Newsroom Operation on Gendered Sports News 21
2.3.1 Media as Gate-Keepers 21
2.3.2 Newsroom Operation 22
3. Methodology 25
3.1 Content Analysis 25
3.1.1 Samples 25
3.1.2 Coding Categories 27
3.1.3 Coding Procedure 31
3.2 Depth Interviews 32
4. Results 34
4.1 Content Analysis of Sports News 34
4.1.1 Gender Differences 35
4.1.2 Reporting Patterns and Examples 60
4.2 Interview Findings 85
4.2.1 Gendered Ideology & News Production 85
4.2.2 Challenges 105
5. Discussions and Conclusions 119
5.1 Discussions 119
5.2 Conclusions 127
5.3 Future Research 128
Appendix 1: Coding Timeframe 130
Appendix 2: Coding Sheet 131
Appendix 3: Interview Protocol 135
Appendix 4: Selected Interviews Transcription 137
References 175		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2804440 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0954610054en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別差異zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女籃zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 男籃zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 瓊斯盃zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別再現zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender differenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) women`s basketballen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) men`s basketballen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Jones Cupen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gender representation in mediaen_US
dc.title (題名) 2007至2009中華台北男女籃國家代表隊在瓊斯盃新聞中的性別差異zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Gender differences in news coverage between men and women players for Chinese Taipei basketball teams in Jones Cup from 2007 to 2009en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王文科，2002。教育研究法。台北：五南，頁154。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王石番，1989。傳播內容分析法。台北：幼獅。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中新社 (2007年11月17日)。京奧純利料逾二億。香港文匯報。上網日期：2008年5月7日。World Wide Web: http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/11/17/BG0711170001.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 米德 (Mead M.)著(2003)。三個原始部落的性別與氣質 (Sex and temperament in three primitive societies)。(宋踐等譯)。台北：遠流。(原作1950出版)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝，1984。女性心理學。台北：大洋出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李慈梅，2003。我國報紙運動新聞之運動價值分析研究 – 以民生報、中國時報為例。國立台灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林永富，2004。奧運會的資訊科技。國民體育季刊，33(2)，78-83。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林幼萍，1999。媒體體育新聞記者人口變項之分析。國立體育學院論叢，10(1)，129-141。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱金松，1984。體育運動有關報紙社論之內容與取向分析。中華民國大專院校體育總會七十三年度學術研討會專刊，293-302。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱金松，1988。運動社會學。桃園縣: 國立體育學院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳淑儀，1997。台灣主要報紙對奧運新聞報導之內容研究。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡幼偉、侯致遠、施致平，1999。運動傳播與輿論反應現況與展望。台北市：行政院體育委員會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 施致平，1992。記者專業意理與新聞製作流程對體育新聞報導之影響。國立台灣師範大學體育學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 侯致遠，1991。臺灣地區大眾傳播研究文獻之分析及未來可行之研究方向。國立體育學院論叢，2(1)，41-52。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪萬生，2003。「性別」的意義。潘慧玲主編，性別議題導論，高等教育出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪嘉蔆，2003。運動新聞文本的性別意涵分析。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 倪炎元，2003。再現的政治:台灣報紙媒體對「他者」建構的論述分析。台北:韋伯。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 連思晨，2008。從運動產業複合體看運動節目的性別偏差 – 以SBL及WSBL為例。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳芸英，1994。三國鼎力誰報天下。職業棒球雜誌，101，14-16。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許智惠，2003。報紙運動新聞議題設定效果研究—以2002年世界盃足球賽為例。國立台灣師範大學運動與休閒館裡研究所碩士學位論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張艾湘，2004。女性雜誌中女性形象內容產製之分析。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張孝銘，1998。論現代運動中之意識型態。中華體育，12(2)，26-33。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁秀琪，1992。大眾傳播理論與實證。臺北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃郁婷，2005。運動閱聽人性別意識形態之研究–以第20屆亞洲女子籃球錦標賽為例。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃雅惠，2003。女性運動員參與競技運動之演變趨勢。國民體育季刊，136， 46-52。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊孝榮，1978。傳播研究方法總論。台北：三民。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊孝榮，1989。社會及行為科學研究法。台北：東華，頁831。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臧國仁，1998。新聞報導與真實建構:新聞框架的理論觀點。傳播研究集刊，3，273-275。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖清海，1996。台灣職業棒球新聞報導內容之分析研究。國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭欣怡，2001。電視運動轉播中男女主播語言使用之差異。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蘇善村，1995。報社組織控制之研究。國立交通大學傳播科技研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) English references:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Auster, C. J., and Ohm S. C. (2000, Oct). Masculinity and femininity in contemporary American society: A reevaluation using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Gender Role. Retrieved Dec. 20, 2007 from the World Wide Web http://www.findarticles.com/cf /m2294/2000_Oct/71966971/p l/ article.jhtml?term=Masculinity.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benton, M. & Frazier, P. J. (1976). The agenda-setting function of the mass media at the three levels of “information holding.” Communication Research, 3(3), 261-274.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Billings, A. C. (2000). In search of women athletes: ESPN’s list of the top 100 athletes of the century. Journal of Sport& Social Issues, 20, 415-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Billings, A. C., Halone, K. K. & Denham, B. E. (2002). “Man, That Was a Pretty Shot”: An Analysis of Gendered Broadcast Commentary Surrounding the 2000 Men’s and Women’s NCAA Final Four Basketball Championships. Mass Communication & Society, 2002, 5(3), 295-315.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Birrell, S., & Loy, J. W. (1981). Media sport: Hot and cool. In J. W. Log, G. S. Kenyon, &B. D. McPherson (Eds.) Sport, culture and society: a reader on society of sport (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blinde, E. M., Greendorfer, S.L., & Sankner, R. J. (1991).Differential media coverage of men’s and women’s intercollegiate basketball: Reflection of gender ideology. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 15, 98-144.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bryson, L. (1994). Sport and the maintenance of masculine hegemony. In S. Birrell & C. L. Cole (Eds), Women, sport, and culture. Champagne, IL: Human Kinetics.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coakley, J. J. (1977). Sport in society: Issues & controversies (6th ed). Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cohen, B. C. (1963). The Press and Foreign Policy. Princeton, NY: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craft, S. & Wanta, W. (2004). Women in The Newsroom: Influences of Female Editors and Reporters on the News Agenda. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 81, No. 1, Spring 2004, 124-138.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crossman, J., Hyslop, P., & Guthrie, B. (1994). A content analysis of the sports section of Canada’s national newspaper with respect to gender and professional/ amateur status. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 29,123-131.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cunningham, G. B. (2003). Media coverage of women’s sport: A new look at an old problem. Physical Educator, 60(2), 43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cutlip, S. M., Center, A. H., &Broom, G. M. (2000). Effective public relations. Upper Saddle River, Ni: Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Daddario, G. (1994). Chilly scenes of the 1992 Winter Games: The mass media and the marginalization of female athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11(3), 275-88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dominick, J. R. (1990). The Dynamics of Mass Communication. US: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donaton, S. (1992, Jan. 27). `WSJ` in Olympics. Advertising Age, 63(4), 48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duncan, M. C., and Messner, M. A. (1998). The media image of sport and gender. In Wenner, L.A. (ed.). MeiaSport. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duncan, M. C., Messner, M. A., Williams, L., & Jensen, K. (1990). Gender stereotyping in televised sports. Los Angeles: Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eastman, S. T., & Billings, A. (2000). Sportscasting and sports reporting: The power of gender bias. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 24, 192-213.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Etling, L. (2002). An Uphill Climb, APSE Newsletter, June 2002, 7.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. New York: Pantheon Book.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gibbons, S. (2003). On Court, Fields and in the Stands, Sport News Is Shortchanging Women. Media Report to Women, 31(2), 24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Halbert, C., & Latimer, M. (1994). Battling gendered language: An analysis of the language used by sports commentator in a televised coed tennis competition. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 298-308.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hallmark, J. R., & Armstrong, R. N. (1999). Gender equity in televised sports: A comparative analysis of men’s and women’s NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Broadcasts, 1991-1995. Journal of Broadcasting &Electronic Media, 43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardin, M. & Shain, S. (2005a). Female Sports Journalists: Are We There Yet? ‘No.’ Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4, Fall 2005, 22-137.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardin, M. & Shain, S. (2005b). How Women in Sports Media Assimilate Into Their Careers: A Survey of Practitioners. Paper presented at AEJMC, San Antonio, Texas, 15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardin, M. & Whiteside, E. (2008). Maybe It`s Not A "Generational Thing": Values and Beliefs of Aspiring Sports Journalists About Race and Gender. Media Report to Women, 36(2), 8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardin, M., Chance, J., Dodd, J. E., & Hardin, B. (2002). Olympic photo coverage fair to female athletes. Newspaper Research Journal, 23(2), 64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardin, M., Dodd, J. E., & Chance, J. (2005). On Equal Footing? The Framing of Sexual Difference in Runner’s World. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal, 14(2), 40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hargreaves, J. (1982). Sport, culture and ideology. In J. Hargreaves (ed.), Sport, culture and ideology, pp.30-61. London : Routledge & Kegan Pual.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hargreaves, J. (1994). Sport females: Critical issues in the history and society of women’s sport. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Higgs, C., Weiller, K., & Martin, S. (2003). Gender bias in the 1996 Olympic games: a comparative analysis. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27(1), 52-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hilliard, D. C. (1994). Televised sport and the (anti)sociological imagination. Journal of Sport & Social Issues,18, 88-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hirsch, P. M. (1977). Occupational, organizational and institutional models in mass communication, in P.M. Hirsch et al. (eds.), Strategies for communication research, pp. 13-42. CA: Berverly Hills.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Holsti, O.R. (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kane, M. J. (1988). Media Coverage of the Female Athlete Before, During, and After Title IX: Sports Illustrated Revisited. Journal of Sport Management, 2(2), 87-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kane, M. J., & Parks, J. B. (1992). The social Construction of gender difference and hierarchy in sport Journalism- Few new twists on very old themes. Women’s Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 1, 49-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Katz, J. (1996). Masculinity and Sports Culture. In Lapchich, R. E., 1996, Sport in society. U.S.:Sage Publications.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kian, E. M., Mondello, M. & Vincent J. (2009). ESPN – The Women’s Sports Network? A Content Analysis of Internet Coverage of March Madness. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Sep. 2009, 477-495.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) King, Pu-tsung. (1994). Issue agenda in the 1992 Taiwan legislative election. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Texas.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klein, M. L. (1988). Woman in the discourse of sport reports. International Review for Sociology of Sport, 23, 139-151.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Koivula, N. (1999). Gender stereotyping in televised media sport coverage. Sex Role, 41(7), 589.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Laster, P. (1988). Use of elements on newspaper front pages. Journalism Quarterly, 65(3), 760-763.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lasswell, H. (1948). The structure and function of communication in Society’. In L. Bryson (Ed.), The Communication of Ideas. New York: Harper& Row.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leath, V. M., & Lumpkin, A. (1992). An analysis of sportwomen on the covers and in the feature articles of ‘Women’s Sports and Fitness Magazine.’ Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 162.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lee, J. (1992). Media Portrayals of Male and Female Olympic Athletes: Analyses of Newspaper Accounts of the 1984 and the 1988 Summer Games. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27(3), 197-222.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lippman, W. (1922). Public Opinion. New York: MacMillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lipsky, R. (1981). How we play the game. Boston: Beacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lumpkin, A. & Williams, L. D. (1991). An analysis of Sports Illustrated feature articles, 1954-1987. Sociology of Sport Journal, 8, 16-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McKay, J. & Rowe, D. (1987). Ideology, the media, and Australian sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 4, 258-273.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McPherson, B. D., Curtis, J. E. & Log, J. W. (1989). The social significance of sport: An introduction to the sociology of sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McQuail, D. (1983). Mass communication theory: an introduction. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Media Report to Women. (2002). Women in sports not covered seriously: beauty, sexiness part of the package. 30(1), 7.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Media Report to Women. (2006). Sports Editors Group Issues First “Report Card” on Race, Gender in Sports Journalism. 34(4), 5.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Media Report to Women. (2007). Survey: Title IX Coverage Influenced by Attitude of Sports Journalists. 35(4), 1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Media Report to Women. (2008). AP Sports Editors Make Virtually No Progress Advancing Women. 36(3), 3.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Messner, M. A. (1988). Sports and male domination: the female athletes as contested ideological terrain. Sociology of Sport Journal, 5(3), 197-211zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Kerry J. (1993). Separating the men from the girls: The gendered language of televised sports. Gender & Society, 7(1), 121.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Williams, N. (2006). This revolution is not being televised. Contexts, 5(3), 34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pedersen, P. M. (2003). Examining stereotypical written and photographic reporting on the sports page: An analysis of newspaper coverage of interscholastic athletics. Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal. Spring, 12(1), 67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pirinen, R. (2002). Catching up with men? Finnish newspaper coverage of women’s entry into traditionally male sports. In Scraton, S. & Flintoff, A., Gender and sport: A reader. NY: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Real, M. R. (1975). Super bowl: mythic spectacle. Journal of Communication, 25(1), 31-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rintala, J., & Birrell, S. (1984). Fair treatment for the active female: A content analysis of Young Athlete magazine. Sociology of Sport Journal, 1, 231-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roedl, S. ( 2007). Framing sexual difference: Front page photographs of the 2006 Winter Olympics. International Communication Association; 2007 Annual Meeting, p.1. San Franciscozh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roedl, S., 2007-05-23 "Framing Sexual Difference: Front Page Photographs of the 2006 Winter Olympics" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-24 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p173437_index.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shoemaker, P. J. (1991). Gatekeeping. Newburry Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Soley, L. C. & Reid, L. N. (1979). Sports Illustrator’s coverage of women in sports. Journalism Quarterly. 56(3), 851-863.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuchman,G. (1978). Making news: A study in construction of reality. N.Y.: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuchman, G., Daniels, A. K., & Benet, J. (Eds.). (1978). Hearth and home: Images of women in the mass media. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuggle, C. A. (1997). Differences in television sports of men’s and women’s athletics: ESPN Sorts Center and CNN Sports Tonight. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41(1),14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tuggle, C.A., Huffman, S., & Rosengard, D.S. (2002). A descriptive analysis of NBC`s coverage of the 2000 summer Olympics. Mass Communication & Society, 5(3), 361-375.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wanta W. (1997). The public and the national agenda: How people learn about important issues. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiller, K., Higgs, C., & Greenleaf, C. (2004). Analysis of Television Media Commentary of the 2000 Olympic Games. Media Report to Women, 32(3), 14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wenner, L. A. (1989). Media, sport, and society: the research agenda. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, Sports, and Society, pp.13-45. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wenner, L. A., & Gantz, W. (1998). Watching sports on television: audience experience, gender, fanship, and marriage. In Wenner, L.A. (ed.) MediaSport. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whisenant, W. A. & Pedersen, P. M. (2004). Analyzing Attitudes Regarding Quantity and Quality of Sports Page Coverage: Athletic Director Perceptions of Newspaper Coverage Given to Interscholastic Sports. International Sports Journal, 8(1), 54.zh_TW