學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 代言人廣告中產品涉入與推荐疲乏對廣告效果的影響
The advertising effectiveness of product involvement and recommendation fatigue in celebrity endorsement
作者 洪茂光
貢獻者 祝鳳岡
洪茂光
關鍵詞 名人代言
代言人
單一代言
多品牌代言
推薦疲乏
產品涉入
廣告效果
Celebrity endorsement
spokesmen
a single brand endorsement
multi-brand endorsement
recommendation fatigue
product involvement
advertising effectiveness
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-Apr-2010 14:42:24 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究目的在探討代言人的選用策略、代言人代言數量、產品涉入程度與廣告效果之間的意涵;分析人口統計變數對廣告效果的差異性;檢定產品涉入程度、代言人代言數量多寡之間對廣告效果的關係。根據量化分析及質化訪談的研究分析,對代言人的選用策略提出整合研究建議。
     
      研究方法採取量化的實驗法及質化的深度訪談進行,以實驗法進行的過程,先針對代言人代言數量多寡進行人選的前測,再與涉入程度高低不同程度的商品搭配,設計出一組3*2的實驗組合。透過統計檢定導出結論,再輔以實際廣告業界當中,從廣告主及廣告代理商的深度訪談佐證,最終再提出名人代言的選用策略建議。
     
      根據實驗的結果統計歸納,摘要四點結論如下:
     一、名人多品牌大量代言等於高知名度,廣告效果仍佳。
     二、代言人代言數量過多導致推荐疲乏雖然存在,但對廣告效果影響有限。
     三、在商品涉入程度的關係中,名人代言策略建議用在低涉入產品中,高涉入產品效果較差。
     四、代言人的選擇應考慮目標對象的性別及教育程度進行遴選標準。
     
      根據廣告主及廣告公司等業者的訪談,提出八項建議如下:
     一、依據代言人性格及品牌關聯,為名人量身打造廣告,破解可能的推薦疲乏。二、經由代言人成為「品牌大使」的角色,發揮品牌精神。
     三、為避免折損名人價值,名人應嚴選合作品牌,與品牌適配結合。
     四、創造虛擬偶像或素人明星為操作代言人的奇兵策略。
     五、整合性名人代言的傳播決策路徑
     六、避免喧賓奪主效應,發展名人與品牌之間的雙贏及共生關係。
     七、用名人自己平常慣用的語言及消費者認同的語言來溝通。
     八、理性與感性建立品牌人格化模式。
The purpose of this study is to explore the strategy of choosing advertising spokesperson, the number of endorsements, the meaning between product involvement and advertising effectiveness. Analyze the demographic variables toward advertising effectiveness. Test product involvement level and relationship between the number of endorsements of advertising spokesperson and the advertising effectiveness. The conclusion is based on the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative research to provide the integrated suggestion for choosing advertising spokesperson.
     
      Methodology is based on the quantitative and qualitative (in-depth interview) research. In the course of an experimental method, conduct the pre-test of the candidates for the number of endorsements by advertising spokesperson, the next step is to design a set of 3 * 2 experimental combinations with varying degrees of product involvement. The conclusions derived through a statistical test, and then supplemented with the actual advertising industry which, from the advertisers and advertising agencies in support of in-depth interviews and eventually made the choice of celebrity endorsement strategy proposals.
     
      According to the experimental results of statistical induction, four-point summary of the conclusions are as follows:
     1. Celebrity endorsement for a large number of brands increases the total brand awareness which means the advertising effect is still good.
     2. Lead to an excessive number of spokesmen for endorsement recommendation fatigue exist, but a limited impact on advertising effectiveness.
     3. The relationship between the degree of product involvement, the celebrity endorsement strategy proposes to use in low-involvement products, high-involvement products seems less effective.
     4. Choosing the advertising spokesperson should take into account gender and educational level of the Target audience as the selection criteria.
     
      According to the in-depth interview with advertisers and advertising agencies. The eight suggestions are as follows:
     1. Based on the spokesperson personality and association with the brand, it is recommended that the advertising should be tailored to reduce the recommendation fatigue.
     2. Through the advertising spokesperson become a "brand ambassador" role, to play the brand spirit.
     3. In order to avoid impairment value of celebrity, celebrities should be carefully selected co-brand fit and brand integration.
     4. The creation of a virtual idol or a prime people as the advertising spokesperson is an innovative strategy.
     5. Integrated decision-making path to celebrity endorsement.
     6. To avoid overwhelming and reduce the advertising effect, it is necessary to build the symbiotic relationship between celebrities and the brand to create the win-win situation.
     7. Using its own language of the celebrities to communicate with the target audience.
     8. Sense and Sensibility patterns to build brand personification.
參考文獻 參考書目 中文資料
1.丁源宏(2000)。《不同媒介特性,廣告訴求與產品涉入度對於廣告效果影響之探討-比較平面媒體與網際網路》。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
2.文崇一、楊國樞(2000)。《社會及行為科學研究法下冊》。台北:東華。
3.王可欣(2003)。《廣告代言人性格形象對品牌性格的影響─以Nokia7210手機平面廣告為例》。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文。
4.余肇傑(2003)。《代言人對廣告效果影響之研究-以銘傳大學傳播學院學生為例》。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所碩士班碩士論文。
5.何琦瑜(2005)。《就是要美麗》。台北:天下文化。
6.李光勳(2003)。《廣告代言人與代言品牌的形象差異性及代言人可信度對廣告效果影響之研究》。東吳大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
7.李鎮邦(2006)。《廣告代言人類型與產品類型適配性研究》。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
8.林建瑋(2003)。《廣告代言人、事實訊息線索與知識結構對廣告訊息理解效果之影響》。國立嘉義大學管理研究所碩士論文。
9.吳統雄(1985)。〈態度與行為研究的信度與效度:理論、反應、反省〉,《民意學術專刊,夏季號》。
10.吳明隆(2007)。《SPSS操做與應用變異數分析與實務》。台北:五南。
11.吳明隆(2009)。《SPSS操作與實務問卷統計分析與實務》。台北:五南。
12.范雅婷(2006)。《代言人數、代言人代言數量與代言人類型對廣告效果之影響:品牌知名度、廣告訊息論點同異與廣告排版版本同異調和效果之探討》。元智大學國際企業研究所碩士論文。
13.高登第譯(2004)。《品牌領導》。台北:天下。
14.陳心怡(1997)。《推薦式廣告對不同涉入度產品之廣告效果》。國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。
15.陳敏郎(2001)。《廣告代言人對推薦品牌廣告效果影響之研究》。國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
16.陳怡君(2003)。《廣告代言人與品牌評價關係之研究》。中國文化大學國際貿易學系碩士班碩士論文。
17.黃柏翔(2006)。《代言適配性對代言人可信度及廣告效果之影響》。國立政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。
18.黃子潔(2006)。《代言人網誌日記形式廣告之溝通效果研究》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。
19.黃治蘋譯(2005)《C行銷:第一本名人代言行銷聖經》,台北:早安財經文化。(原書Pringle, H. [2004]. Celebrity sells)。
20.黃深勳、鄭自隆(2003)。《廣告管理》。國立空中大學。
21.賀傳智(2001)。《廣告模特兒吸引力與產品類別搭配之廣告效果研究》國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
22.楊世瑩(2005)《SPSS統計分析實務》台北:旗標。
23.蔡燕婷(2000)。《廣告代言人,廣告訴求對廣告效果的影響》。淡江大學管理科學學系碩士論文。
24.練乃華(1989)。《推薦式廣告之溝通效果研究》。國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
25.鄭柏伶(2004)。《明星代言人曝光狀況與廣告效果之研究》。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。
26.鄭自隆(1992)。《競選文宣策略---廣告、傳播與政治行銷》。台北:遠流出版社。
27.樊志育(1992)。《廣告學》。台北:三民書局。
28.樊志育(1995)。《廣告學新論》。台北:三民書局。
29.賴乃綺(2001)。《誘因贈獎式網路廣告效果研究》。政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。
30.戴育旻(2006)。《從廣告價值觀點檢視網路廣告中的強迫性感受對廣告效果之影響》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。
參考書目 英文資料
1.Arens, William F(1996)Contemporary Advertising, 6th edition, Von Hoffmann Press,Inc.
2.Barbara A Lafferty; Ronald E Goldsmith (1999), “Corporate Credibility’s Role inConsumers’ Attitude and Purchase Intentions When a high versus a low CredibilityEndorser Is Used in the AD” Journal of Business Research. Vol. 44, Iss. 2; pp109 -116.
3.Belch, G. E. and M.A. Belch(1999)“Advertising and Promotion:An Integrate Marketing Communications Perspective,” 4th Ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, pp.53-155.
4.Friedman, Hershey H. and Linda Friedman (1979), “Endorser Effectiveness by Product Type,” Journal of Advertising Research, 19(5), 63-71.
5.Freiden, Jon B. (1984),“Advertising Spokesperson Effects: Examination of Endorser Type and Gender on Two Audiences,” Journal of Advertising Research, 24, 33-41.
6.Hansen, R. A. & C. A. Scott (1967), “Comment on Attribution Theory and Advertiser Credibility,” Journal of Marketing Research, May 1967, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, pp. 193-197.
7.Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, NY: Wiley.
8.Hovland, Carl I., Irving L. Janis, and Harold H. Kelley (1953),“Communication and Persuasion:Psychological Studies of Obvious Change,” New Haven, CT Yale University Press.
9.Kamins (1990), “An Investigation into the Match-Up Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When Beauty May be Only Skin Deep,” Journal of Advertising, 19(1), 4-13.
10.Kamins and Kamal Gupta(1994), “Congruence Between Spokesperson and Product Type: A Matchup Hypothesis Perspective,” Psychology & Marketing, 11(6), 569-586.
11.Kelman, H. C. (1961), “Processes of Opinion Change,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 25: 57-78.
12.Lavidge,R.J.,and Gray A. Steiner (1961), “A model for predictive measurement of advertising effectiveness,” Journal of Marketing, 25, pp.59-62.
13.Lutz, Richard J. and George E. Belch (1983), “Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: Determents and Consequences .” Advances in Consumer Research, 10 (1), 532-539.
14.Lutz, R.J., Mackenzie, S.B. and Belch, G.E. (1986), “The Role of Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations.” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.23, Iss.2, pp.130-143.
15.MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J. and Belch, G. E. (1986),”The Role of Attitude Toward The Ad as a Modiator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations,”Journal of Marketing Research, 23, 130-143.
16.Miciak, Alan R; Shanklin, William L. (1994), “Choosing Celebrity Endorsers,”Marketing Management, Chicago; winter 1994, 3, 50-60.
17.Mowen, J. C. & Brown, S. W. (1980),“On explaining and predicting the effectiveness of celebrity,” Endorser Advance in Consumer Research, Association for Consumer Research, 8.
18.Ohanian, Roobina (1991),”Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers’ Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness,”Journal of Advertising Research, 19(3), 39-52.
19.Tellis, G. J. (2004). Effectiveness of advertising: Understanding when, how, and why advertising works. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
20.Tripp, Carolyn, Thomas D. Jensen, and Les Carlson (1994),”The Effects of multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities on Consumers" Attitudes and Intentions,”Journal of Consumer Research, 20(March) 535~547.
21.Zaichkowsky, Judith Lynne(1986),“Conceptualizing Involvement”, Journal of Advertising:15:2, pp. 4-15.
網路資料
1.《林志玲代言的商品有哪些》(2009)取自http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1306021504021
2.《茂伯爆紅廣告多,民眾不清楚到底代言啥》(2009)取自http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/090105/17/1chh1.html
3.《名人代言效果越來越差》(2009)取自
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2009/new/oct/11/today-life1.htm
4.《英格麗褒曼的女兒代言蘭寇》(2010)取自http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/uronly1/post/1295920856
5.《英格麗褒曼的外孫女Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann成為了LANCOME蘭蔻最新的全球代言人》(2010)取自http://www.ylmusic.cn/Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=354
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院碩士在職專班
96941007
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096941007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 祝鳳岡zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 洪茂光zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 洪茂光zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Apr-2010 14:42:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Apr-2010 14:42:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Apr-2010 14:42:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096941007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38328-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 傳播學院碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96941007zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究目的在探討代言人的選用策略、代言人代言數量、產品涉入程度與廣告效果之間的意涵;分析人口統計變數對廣告效果的差異性;檢定產品涉入程度、代言人代言數量多寡之間對廣告效果的關係。根據量化分析及質化訪談的研究分析,對代言人的選用策略提出整合研究建議。
     
      研究方法採取量化的實驗法及質化的深度訪談進行,以實驗法進行的過程,先針對代言人代言數量多寡進行人選的前測,再與涉入程度高低不同程度的商品搭配,設計出一組3*2的實驗組合。透過統計檢定導出結論,再輔以實際廣告業界當中,從廣告主及廣告代理商的深度訪談佐證,最終再提出名人代言的選用策略建議。
     
      根據實驗的結果統計歸納,摘要四點結論如下:
     一、名人多品牌大量代言等於高知名度,廣告效果仍佳。
     二、代言人代言數量過多導致推荐疲乏雖然存在,但對廣告效果影響有限。
     三、在商品涉入程度的關係中,名人代言策略建議用在低涉入產品中,高涉入產品效果較差。
     四、代言人的選擇應考慮目標對象的性別及教育程度進行遴選標準。
     
      根據廣告主及廣告公司等業者的訪談,提出八項建議如下:
     一、依據代言人性格及品牌關聯,為名人量身打造廣告,破解可能的推薦疲乏。二、經由代言人成為「品牌大使」的角色,發揮品牌精神。
     三、為避免折損名人價值,名人應嚴選合作品牌,與品牌適配結合。
     四、創造虛擬偶像或素人明星為操作代言人的奇兵策略。
     五、整合性名人代言的傳播決策路徑
     六、避免喧賓奪主效應,發展名人與品牌之間的雙贏及共生關係。
     七、用名人自己平常慣用的語言及消費者認同的語言來溝通。
     八、理性與感性建立品牌人格化模式。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this study is to explore the strategy of choosing advertising spokesperson, the number of endorsements, the meaning between product involvement and advertising effectiveness. Analyze the demographic variables toward advertising effectiveness. Test product involvement level and relationship between the number of endorsements of advertising spokesperson and the advertising effectiveness. The conclusion is based on the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative research to provide the integrated suggestion for choosing advertising spokesperson.
     
      Methodology is based on the quantitative and qualitative (in-depth interview) research. In the course of an experimental method, conduct the pre-test of the candidates for the number of endorsements by advertising spokesperson, the next step is to design a set of 3 * 2 experimental combinations with varying degrees of product involvement. The conclusions derived through a statistical test, and then supplemented with the actual advertising industry which, from the advertisers and advertising agencies in support of in-depth interviews and eventually made the choice of celebrity endorsement strategy proposals.
     
      According to the experimental results of statistical induction, four-point summary of the conclusions are as follows:
     1. Celebrity endorsement for a large number of brands increases the total brand awareness which means the advertising effect is still good.
     2. Lead to an excessive number of spokesmen for endorsement recommendation fatigue exist, but a limited impact on advertising effectiveness.
     3. The relationship between the degree of product involvement, the celebrity endorsement strategy proposes to use in low-involvement products, high-involvement products seems less effective.
     4. Choosing the advertising spokesperson should take into account gender and educational level of the Target audience as the selection criteria.
     
      According to the in-depth interview with advertisers and advertising agencies. The eight suggestions are as follows:
     1. Based on the spokesperson personality and association with the brand, it is recommended that the advertising should be tailored to reduce the recommendation fatigue.
     2. Through the advertising spokesperson become a "brand ambassador" role, to play the brand spirit.
     3. In order to avoid impairment value of celebrity, celebrities should be carefully selected co-brand fit and brand integration.
     4. The creation of a virtual idol or a prime people as the advertising spokesperson is an innovative strategy.
     5. Integrated decision-making path to celebrity endorsement.
     6. To avoid overwhelming and reduce the advertising effect, it is necessary to build the symbiotic relationship between celebrities and the brand to create the win-win situation.
     7. Using its own language of the celebrities to communicate with the target audience.
     8. Sense and Sensibility patterns to build brand personification.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論----------------------------------1
      第一節、研究背景與動機-----------------------1
      第二節、研究目的與問題-----------------------2
      第三節、研究流程----------------------------4
     
     第貳章 文獻探討------------------------------5
      第一節、代言人推薦式廣告的類型----------------5
      第二節、代言人廣告的理論基礎------------------7
      第三節、廣告代言人的可信度--------------------10
      第四節、廣告定義-----------------------------13
      第五節、廣告效果-----------------------------15
      第六節、涉入程度-----------------------------17
      第七節、代言人多品牌代言之相關研究-------------19
      第八節、相關實證研究回顧----------------------21
     
     第參章 研究方法-------------------------------27
      第一節、研究架構------------------------------27
      第二節、研究方法------------------------------28
      第三節、研究變數定義與研究假設------------------30
      第四節、研究設計------------------------------33
     
     第肆章 研究分析與結果---------------------------39
      第一節、受測者背景分析-------------------------39
      第二節、信度分析------------------------------41
      第三節、廣告態度的分析-------------------------43
      第四節、品牌態度的分析-------------------------48
      第五節、購買意願的分析-------------------------53
      第六節、人口統計變項涉入各變數的影響-------------58
      第七節、廣告態度及品牌態度對購買意願的迴歸分析----62
      第八節、研究假說驗證結果-----------------------64
      第九節、代言人與品牌的思維---------------------67
     
     第伍章 結論與建議------------------------------79
      第一節、研究結論------------------------------79
      第二節、研究建議------------------------------81
      第三節、研究貢獻------------------------------84
      第四節、研究限制------------------------------86
      第五節、後續研究建議---------------------------87
     
     參考書目 中文資料-------------------------------88
     參考書目 英文資料-------------------------------89
     參考書目 網路資料-------------------------------91
     附錄一、代言人選前測問卷-------------------------92
     附錄二、正式問卷--------------------------------97
     附錄三、訪談記錄--------------------------------105
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096941007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 名人代言zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 代言人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 單一代言zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多品牌代言zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 推薦疲乏zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產品涉入zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣告效果zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Celebrity endorsementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) spokesmenen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) a single brand endorsementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) multi-brand endorsementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) recommendation fatigueen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) product involvementen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) advertising effectivenessen_US
dc.title (題名) 代言人廣告中產品涉入與推荐疲乏對廣告效果的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The advertising effectiveness of product involvement and recommendation fatigue in celebrity endorsementen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目 中文資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.丁源宏(2000)。《不同媒介特性,廣告訴求與產品涉入度對於廣告效果影響之探討-比較平面媒體與網際網路》。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.文崇一、楊國樞(2000)。《社會及行為科學研究法下冊》。台北:東華。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.王可欣(2003)。《廣告代言人性格形象對品牌性格的影響─以Nokia7210手機平面廣告為例》。國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.余肇傑(2003)。《代言人對廣告效果影響之研究-以銘傳大學傳播學院學生為例》。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所碩士班碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.何琦瑜(2005)。《就是要美麗》。台北:天下文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.李光勳(2003)。《廣告代言人與代言品牌的形象差異性及代言人可信度對廣告效果影響之研究》。東吳大學企業管理學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.李鎮邦(2006)。《廣告代言人類型與產品類型適配性研究》。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.林建瑋(2003)。《廣告代言人、事實訊息線索與知識結構對廣告訊息理解效果之影響》。國立嘉義大學管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.吳統雄(1985)。〈態度與行為研究的信度與效度:理論、反應、反省〉,《民意學術專刊,夏季號》。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.吳明隆(2007)。《SPSS操做與應用變異數分析與實務》。台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.吳明隆(2009)。《SPSS操作與實務問卷統計分析與實務》。台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.范雅婷(2006)。《代言人數、代言人代言數量與代言人類型對廣告效果之影響:品牌知名度、廣告訊息論點同異與廣告排版版本同異調和效果之探討》。元智大學國際企業研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.高登第譯(2004)。《品牌領導》。台北:天下。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.陳心怡(1997)。《推薦式廣告對不同涉入度產品之廣告效果》。國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.陳敏郎(2001)。《廣告代言人對推薦品牌廣告效果影響之研究》。國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.陳怡君(2003)。《廣告代言人與品牌評價關係之研究》。中國文化大學國際貿易學系碩士班碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.黃柏翔(2006)。《代言適配性對代言人可信度及廣告效果之影響》。國立政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.黃子潔(2006)。《代言人網誌日記形式廣告之溝通效果研究》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.黃治蘋譯(2005)《C行銷:第一本名人代言行銷聖經》,台北:早安財經文化。(原書Pringle, H. [2004]. Celebrity sells)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.黃深勳、鄭自隆(2003)。《廣告管理》。國立空中大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.賀傳智(2001)。《廣告模特兒吸引力與產品類別搭配之廣告效果研究》國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.楊世瑩(2005)《SPSS統計分析實務》台北:旗標。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.蔡燕婷(2000)。《廣告代言人,廣告訴求對廣告效果的影響》。淡江大學管理科學學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.練乃華(1989)。《推薦式廣告之溝通效果研究》。國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.鄭柏伶(2004)。《明星代言人曝光狀況與廣告效果之研究》。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.鄭自隆(1992)。《競選文宣策略---廣告、傳播與政治行銷》。台北:遠流出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.樊志育(1992)。《廣告學》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.樊志育(1995)。《廣告學新論》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.賴乃綺(2001)。《誘因贈獎式網路廣告效果研究》。政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30.戴育旻(2006)。《從廣告價值觀點檢視網路廣告中的強迫性感受對廣告效果之影響》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目 英文資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Arens, William F(1996)Contemporary Advertising, 6th edition, Von Hoffmann Press,Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Barbara A Lafferty; Ronald E Goldsmith (1999), “Corporate Credibility’s Role inConsumers’ Attitude and Purchase Intentions When a high versus a low CredibilityEndorser Is Used in the AD” Journal of Business Research. Vol. 44, Iss. 2; pp109 -116.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Belch, G. E. and M.A. Belch(1999)“Advertising and Promotion:An Integrate Marketing Communications Perspective,” 4th Ed, McGraw-Hill, NY, pp.53-155.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Friedman, Hershey H. and Linda Friedman (1979), “Endorser Effectiveness by Product Type,” Journal of Advertising Research, 19(5), 63-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Freiden, Jon B. (1984),“Advertising Spokesperson Effects: Examination of Endorser Type and Gender on Two Audiences,” Journal of Advertising Research, 24, 33-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Hansen, R. A. & C. A. Scott (1967), “Comment on Attribution Theory and Advertiser Credibility,” Journal of Marketing Research, May 1967, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, pp. 193-197.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, NY: Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Hovland, Carl I., Irving L. Janis, and Harold H. Kelley (1953),“Communication and Persuasion:Psychological Studies of Obvious Change,” New Haven, CT Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Kamins (1990), “An Investigation into the Match-Up Hypothesis in Celebrity Advertising: When Beauty May be Only Skin Deep,” Journal of Advertising, 19(1), 4-13.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Kamins and Kamal Gupta(1994), “Congruence Between Spokesperson and Product Type: A Matchup Hypothesis Perspective,” Psychology & Marketing, 11(6), 569-586.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Kelman, H. C. (1961), “Processes of Opinion Change,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 25: 57-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Lavidge,R.J.,and Gray A. Steiner (1961), “A model for predictive measurement of advertising effectiveness,” Journal of Marketing, 25, pp.59-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Lutz, Richard J. and George E. Belch (1983), “Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: Determents and Consequences .” Advances in Consumer Research, 10 (1), 532-539.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Lutz, R.J., Mackenzie, S.B. and Belch, G.E. (1986), “The Role of Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations.” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.23, Iss.2, pp.130-143.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J. and Belch, G. E. (1986),”The Role of Attitude Toward The Ad as a Modiator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations,”Journal of Marketing Research, 23, 130-143.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Miciak, Alan R; Shanklin, William L. (1994), “Choosing Celebrity Endorsers,”Marketing Management, Chicago; winter 1994, 3, 50-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.Mowen, J. C. & Brown, S. W. (1980),“On explaining and predicting the effectiveness of celebrity,” Endorser Advance in Consumer Research, Association for Consumer Research, 8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Ohanian, Roobina (1991),”Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers’ Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness,”Journal of Advertising Research, 19(3), 39-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Tellis, G. J. (2004). Effectiveness of advertising: Understanding when, how, and why advertising works. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Tripp, Carolyn, Thomas D. Jensen, and Les Carlson (1994),”The Effects of multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities on Consumers" Attitudes and Intentions,”Journal of Consumer Research, 20(March) 535~547.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.Zaichkowsky, Judith Lynne(1986),“Conceptualizing Involvement”, Journal of Advertising:15:2, pp. 4-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 網路資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.《林志玲代言的商品有哪些》(2009)取自http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1306021504021zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.《茂伯爆紅廣告多,民眾不清楚到底代言啥》(2009)取自http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/090105/17/1chh1.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.《名人代言效果越來越差》(2009)取自zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2009/new/oct/11/today-life1.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.《英格麗褒曼的女兒代言蘭寇》(2010)取自http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/uronly1/post/1295920856zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.《英格麗褒曼的外孫女Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann成為了LANCOME蘭蔻最新的全球代言人》(2010)取自http://www.ylmusic.cn/Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=354zh_TW