| dc.contributor.advisor | 于卓民 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 陳恩儀 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | 陳恩儀 | zh_TW |
| dc.date (日期) | 2009 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 9-Apr-2010 14:43:17 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 9-Apr-2010 14:43:17 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 9-Apr-2010 14:43:17 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0095355060 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38361 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 企業管理研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 95355060 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 98 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 非營利組織往往具有正式員工精簡的特色，其會務的推展必須仰賴大量志工，而產出幾乎都是無形的服務，相較於企業，其資源相對缺乏。儘管如此，在知識經濟時代，知識成為企業內重要的策略性資源，因此，在國際非營利組織中，為促成使命達成極大化，是否能善用知識的槓桿作用，透過知識移轉複製成功經驗到各地分會，便成為本論文主要的研究動機。由於非營利組織與營利組織的特性不同，本研究目的如下：1. 透過個案分析，試圖整理出國際非營利組織知識移轉的方法。2. 藉由理論的整理與個案訪談，暸解影響國際非營利組織知識移轉的因素。本研究訪問五家國際性非營利組織的台灣總會，包括基督教青年會、世界展望會、紅十字會、國際生命線與威克理夫聖經翻譯會，同時參考各該單位的次級資料，本研究歸納出國際非營利組織營運所需的知識包括「特定專業知識」與「概括性知識」，配合該等知識是否從總會移轉而來可分為以下四大類型：（一） 移轉而來的特定專業知識：影響知識移轉的絕對因素包括：「組織使命與目標」、「知識特性」與「接收者特質」；而相對影響因素為「地主國特性」。（二） 自行建立的特定專業知識：這是服務當地化所產生的現象，妨礙這類知識移轉的唯一因素就是「地主國特性」。當總會的知識與經驗在與地主國風土民情產生衝突時，是無法移轉到分會的。（三） 移轉而來的營運概括知識：某些營運概括知識雖與服務提供無直接關係，但對非營利組織而言卻是重要知識（如募款知識），影響這類型知識的絕對因素為「知識特性」與「接收者特質」；而相對影響因素為「地主國特性」。（四） 自行建立的營運概括知識：各地分會均為獨立的個體，其設立皆須按照地主國法令制度，因此，「法令制度」成為知識無法從總會移轉的原因。此外，在知識移轉的方式上，知識特性會影響知識移轉的難易，當知識的內隱程度愈高（不易編碼、文件化）、複雜程度愈高（需要資訊總量多的知識），移轉就愈困難。移轉的難易可從人員互動程度高低判斷，互動程度愈低，表示移轉愈容易，移轉的難易依次為人員外派、人員訪視、課程舉辦、會議召開與作業手冊等。為使國際非營利組織的成功經驗，透過知識移轉機制，更加容易複製到分會，本研究建議包括：（1）組織使命界定要明確；（2）強化總會知識傳遞的平台功能，以及（3）發展系統化的營運專業知識。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1第一節 研究動機……………………………………………………1第二節 研究問題與目的……………………………………………2第三節 研究範圍與限制……………………………………………3第四節 研究流程與章節簡述………………………………………5第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………….6第一節 知識移轉的目的……………………………………………6第二節 知識移轉的意義與類型…………………………………….7第三節 知識移轉的程序與方法…………………………………….9第四節 影響知識移轉的因素……………………………………11第五節 知識移轉的調整…………………………………………17第六節 非營利組織的內涵…………………………………….19第七節 非營利組織的國際化……………………………………24第八節 國際非營利組織的知識移轉---代文獻小結……………27第三章 研究架構與方法………………………………………………29第一節 研究架構建立……………………………………………29第二節 研究方法與步驟………………………………………….31第三節 變數描繪…………………………………………………..33第四節 資料說明與受訪機構……………………………………..34第四章 個案描述與分析……………………………………………36第一節 基督教青年會……………………………………………36第二節 世界展望會………………………………………………40第三節 國際紅十字會……………………………………………43第四節 國際生命線………………………………………………47第五節 國際威克理夫聖經翻譯會………………………………55第六節 個案彙整…………………………………………………52第七節 綜合分析…………………………………………………65第五章 結論與建議………………………………………………….70第一節 研究結論………………………………………………….70第二節 研究建議………………………………………………….73參考文獻………………………………………………………………75附錄：訪談綱要…………………………………………………………80 | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095355060 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 知識移轉 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 非營利組織 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | 國際非營利組織知識移轉至海外分會之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | The study of knowledge transfer in non-profit government organization | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中文部份 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李國瑜（2001），「知識移轉的整合模式---知識特性、吸收能力與社會資本」，國立政治大學企研所博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 許士軍（1990），管理學，十版，台北市：東華書局。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 崔志剛（1995），「連鎖體系經營知識移轉之研究---以便利商店為例」，國立政治大學企研所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 趙淑伶（1996），「非營利機構建構公共意識之研究---以主婦聯盟與福林社區發展籌備委員會為例」，國立政治大學公共行政研究所未出版碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 潘文文（1985），「非營利組織公共關係策略之研究：我國宗教型式社會組織之個案分析」，國立中興大學公共政策研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 賴榮仁（1986），「美、日在台灣企業管理技術移轉之研究」，國立政治大學企研所博士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 英文部分 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Amit, R., and Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). “Strategic asset and organization rent”, Strategic Management Journal, 14, pp.33-46. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barney, J. B. (1991). ”Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage”, Journal of Management, 17, pp.99-120. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bartlett, Christopher & Sumantra Ghoshal.(1989). Managing across borders, Boston: Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bradach, J.L.,& Eccles, R. G. (1989). “Price, authority, and trust: from ideal types to plural forms”, Annual Review Sociology, 15 pp. 97-118. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Choi, C. J. and S. H. Lee(1997).”A knowledge-based view of cooperative interorganizational relationship”In P. Beamish and J. Killings(eds.), Cooperative Strategies, European Perspectives. New Lexington Press, San Francisco, CA, pp. 33-58. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cohen, W. M.,&Levinthal, D. A.,(1990). ”Absorptive capability: a new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, pp.128-152. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cowan, D. and H. Foray(1999), “The Explicit Economics of Knowledge Codification and Tacitness,” DRUID summer conference paper. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Daniels, H. D. and L. H. Radebaugh.(2001). International business: Environments and operations. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gilbert, Myrna and Gordey Hayes, Martyn(1996). “Understanding the process of knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation＂, Technovation, Vol.16, No.6, Jun, pp.301-312. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Granstrand, O. (1982). Technology, management and markets, London: Frances Printer. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grant, R. M. (1996). “Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, Winter Special Issue, 1996, pp.109-122. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hamel, G.(1991).”Competition for competence and inter-partner learning within international strategic alliances”, Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issues, 12, pp. 83-103. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hayami, Y.&V. Ruttan(1971). Agricultural development and international perspective, Baltimore: John Hopkins. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hedlund, G. (1994). “A model of knowledge management and the Nform corporation”, Strategic Management Journal, 15(Summer special issue): pp. 73-91 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Howells, J.(1996), “Tacit Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Transfer,” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, pp.91-106. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Inkpen, A. C. (1996). ”Creating knowledge through collaboration,” California Management Review, 39, pp.123-140. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kogut, B.,&Zander, U.(1992).”Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology”, Organization Science, 3, pp.383-397. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kracker, M.(1988).”International flow of retailing know-how: Bridging the technology gap in distribution”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 64, pp.41-67. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lall, S.(1983). The New Multinationals: The Speed of Third World Enterprises. John Wiley&Son, New York. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lane, P. J., and Lubatkin, M.(1998). “Relative Absorptive Capacity and Interorganizational Learning,” Strategic Management Journal, 19, pp.461-477. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lam, Alice(1997).”Embedded firms, embedded knowledge: Problems of collaboration and knowledge transfer in global cooperative ventures’”, Organization Studies, Vol. 18, No 6, pp.973-996. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lyles, M. A. and J. E. Salk(1996).”Knowledge acquisition from foreign parents in international joint ventures: An empirical examination in the Hungarian context”, Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5), pp.877-903. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Machlup, F.(1962). The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Miller, D. and, J. Shamsie(1996), “The Resource-Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Film Studios from 1936-1965,” Administrative Management Journal 39, pp.519-543. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mowery, D. C., J. E. Oxley and B. S. Silverman(1996). “Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer”, Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 17, pp.77-91. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nonaka, Ikujiro&Hirotake Takeuchi.(1995).”The knowledge-creating company”, New York: Oxford University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Olk, P.(1997).”The effect of partner differences on the performance of R&D consortia”. In P. Beamish and J. Killings(eds.), Cooperative Strategies, American Perspectives. New Lexington Press, San Francisco, CA, pp.133-159. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pisano, G.(1988).”Innovation through market hierarchies, and joint ventures: Technology, strategy and collaborative arrangements in the biotechnology industry’ unpublished PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkelry. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Podolny, J. M., & Page, K. L. (1998). “Network forms of organization”, Annual Review of Sociology, 24 pp. 57-76. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Polanyi M.(1967), The Tacit Dimension, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Prahalad, C. K.,&Hamel, G.(1990). “The core competence of the corporation”, Harvard Business Review, 68, pp.79-91. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pucik, V.(1988).”Strategic alliances, organizational learning, and competitive advantage: The HRM agenda”, Human Resource Management, 27, pp.77-93. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rebentisch, E. S., and M. Ferretti(1995).”Aknowledge asset-based view of technology transfer in international joint ventures”. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 12 pp. 1-25. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Reddy, N. M. and L. Zhao.(1990).”International technology transfer: A review”, Research Policy, Vol. 19, pp.285-307. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Reed, R.,&DeFillippi, R. J.(1990) “Causal ambiguity, barriers to imitation, and sustainable competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 15, pp.88-102. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sahal, D.(1981). “Patterns of technological innovation”, MA: Addision-Wesley. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Simonin, B. L.(1997).”The importance of developing collaborative know-how: An empirical test of the learning organization”, Academy of Management Journal, 40(5), pp.1150-1174. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Simonin, B. L.(1999).”Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances”, Strategic Management Journal, 20, pp.595-623. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Szulanski, G.(1996).”Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm”, Strategic Management Journal, Winter Special Issue, 17, pp.27-43. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teece, D. J.,(1982) “Towards an Economic Theory of the Multiproduct Firm,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 3, pp.39-63. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teece, D. J., and Pisano, G., (1994) ”The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms: an Introduction,” Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp.537-556. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teece, D. J.,(1998). “Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets”, California Management Review, 40, pp.55-79. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teece, D. J.,&Pisano, G.,&Shuen, A.(1997) ”Dynamic capabilities and strategic management”, Strategic Management Journal, 18, pp.509-533. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tiemessen, L., H. W. Lane, M. M. Crossan and A. C. Inkpen(1997).”Knowledge management in the international joint ventures”. In P. Beamish and J. Killings(eds.), Cooperative Strategies, North American Perspectives. New Lexington Press, San Francisco, CA, pp.370-399. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Westney, D. Eleanor.(1993). “Institutionalization theory and the MNC”, In S. Ghoshal&D.E. Westney, editors, Organization Theory and the Multinational Corporation. New York: St. Martin’s Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Winter(1987). “Knowledge and competence as strategic assets”, The Competitive Challenge: Strategic for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, pp.159-184. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yin, Robert K. (1994), Case Study Research--Design&Method, Nowbury, CA: Sage Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zack, M.H.(1999). “Managing codified knowledge,” Sloan Management Review, 40, pp.45-58. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zander, U. and B. Kogut(1995), “Knowledge and the Speed of Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities: An Empirical Test,” Organization Science, pp.76-92. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zander, Udo.(1991).”Exploiting a technology edge: Voluntary and Involuntary Dissemination of Technology”, Stockholm: Institute of International Business. | zh_TW |
