學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 內部控制報告書對資訊精確度與市場流動性之影響
The impact of internal control reports on information precision and market liquidity
作者 翁慈青
Weng, Tzu-Ching
貢獻者 金成隆
Chin, Chen-Lung
翁慈青
Weng, Tzu-Ching
關鍵詞 內控缺失
公有資訊精確度
私有資訊精確度
公司/會計層及缺失
市場流動性
Internal control weaknesses
Public information precision
Private information precision
Firm-level/account-level weaknesses
Market liquidity
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-Apr-2010 14:43:32 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要係在探討經過會計師查核的內部控制報告書是否會影響到分析師的公私有資訊精確度以及市場流動性。實證結果發現,當公司被視為具有重大內控缺失者,會造成分析師公有及私有資訊精確度下降,進而使得整體資訊環境的不確定性增加。本研究亦發現,當公司揭露內部控制缺失時,該公司在宣告期間會有較差的市場流動性以及較嚴重的資訊不對稱性。本研究更進一步將內控缺失區分成公司及會計層級內控缺失,結果發現有公司層級內控缺失的公司,相較於會計層級缺失者,會有較差的公有資訊精確度及市場流動性。最後,本研究發現,若公司下一年度有進行內部控制缺失修正時,會產生較高的公私有資訊精確度及較高的市場流動性。
This dissertation extends prior research on internal control weaknesses (hereafter ICW) by examining the impact of internal control weakness and their remediation on information precision and market liquidity for firms filed Section 404 reports with the SEC. First, I find that the presence of ICW is associated with lower precisions of public and private information contained in analysts’ earnings forecasts, which in turn increase overall information uncertainty. Second, I find that market liquidity is significantly lower for ICW firms. Moreover, this dissertation provides evidence that firm-level control weaknesses have stronger impact on public information precision and market liquidity than account-specific control weaknesses. Finally, this dissertation suggests that ICW remediation firms have higher information precision and market liquidity, compared to non-remediation firms. My results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity problem and other sensitivity tests.
參考文獻 Affleck-Graves. J. Callahan, C. M., and Chipalkatti, N. 2002. Earnings predictability, information asymmetry, and market liquidity. Journal of accounting research 40, 561-583.
Aguilar, M. K. 2009. Drama! Intrigue! Congress and Section 404! Compliance Weak (October 30).
Ajinkya, B., S. Bhojraj and P. Sengupta. 2005. The association between outside directors, institutional investors and the properties of management earnings forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 43: 343-376.
Ashbaugh-Skaife, H., D. W. Collins, W. R. Kinney Jr. 2007. The discovery and repoting of internal control deficiencies prior to SOX-mandated audits. Journal of Accounting and Economics 44: 166-192.
Ashbaugh-Skaife, H., D. W. Collins, W. R. and R. LaFond. 2008. The effect of SOX internal control deficiencies and their remediation on accrual quality. The Accounting Review 83: 217-250.
Ashbaugh-Skaife, H., D. W. Collins, W. R. and R. LaFond. 2009. The effect of SOX internal control deficiencies on firm risk and cost of equity. Journal of Accounting research, forthcoming.
Baginski, S. P. and Hassell J. M. 1997. Determinants of Management Forecast Precision. The Accounting Review 72: 303-312.
Bartov, E, F. Gul, and J. Tsui, 2000. Discretionary-accruals models and audit qualifications. Journal of Accounting and Economics 30, 421-452.
Barron, O. E., O. Kim, S. C. Lim and D. E. Stevens. 1998. Using analysts’ forecasts to measure properties of analysts’ information environment. The Accounting Review 73: 421-433.
Barron, O. E., D. Byard, C. Kile and J. R. Edvard. 2002. High-Technologh intangibles and analysts’ forecast. Journal of accounting Research 40: 289-312.
Barron, O. E., D. G. Harris, and M. Stanford. 2005. Evidence that investors trade on private event-period information around earnings announcements. The Accounting Review 80: 403-421.
Bedard. J. 2006. Sarbanes Oxley internal control requirements and earnings quality. Laval University. SSRN working paper.
Beneish, M. D., M. B. Billings and L. D. Hodder. 2008. Internal control weaknesses and information uncertainty. The Accounting Review 83: 665-703.
Behn B. K., J. H. Choi and T. Kang. 2008. Audit quality and properties of analyst earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 83: 327-349.
Bhattacharya, U., and M. Spiege., 1991. Outsider and market breakdowns. Review of Financial Studies 4, 255-282.
Bloomfield, R. and T. Wilks. 2000. Disclusure effects in the laboratory: liquidity, depth, and the cost of capital. The Accounting Review 75: 13-41.
Botosan, C. A., M. A. Plumlee, and Y. Xie. 2004. The role of information precision in determining the cost of equity capital. Review of Accounting Studies 9, 233-259.
Bradshaw, M., S. Richardson and R. Sloan, 2001.Do analysts and auditors use information in accruals? Journal of Accounting Research 39, 45-74.
Brennan, M. and A. Subrahmanyam. 1996. Market microstructure and asset pricing: on the compensation for illiquidity in stock returns. Journal of Financial economics 41: 441-464.
Burns, J. 2007. SEC sets sights on fine-tuning audit standards. The Wall Street Journal. (April 4): C8
Bushee, B. J., and C. Leuz. 2005. Economic consequences of SEC disclosure regulation: Evidence from the OTC bulletin board. Journal of Accounting and Economics 39: 233-264.
Byard D, and K. W. Shaw. 2003. Corporate disclosure quality and properties of analysts` information environment. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance 18: 355-378.
Callahan, C., C. Lee, and T. L. Yohn. 1997. Commentary: Accounting information and bid-ask spreads. Accounting Horizons 11: 52-60.
Chan, K. C, B. R., Farrell, and P. Lee. 2008. Earnings management of firms reporting material internal control weaknesses under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 27: 161-180.
Chang, H. C., H. L., Choy, W. W. Cooper, B. R. Parker, and T. W. Ruefli. 2009. Measuring productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency changes of CPA firms prior to, and following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 43: 221-228.
Charles River Associates. 2005. Sarbanes Oxley Section 404 costs and remediation of deficiencies: Estimates from a sample of Fortune 1000 companies. April, 2005.
Chiyachantana, C. N., C. X. Jiang, N. Taechapiroontong, and R. A. Wood. 2004. The impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure on information asymmetry and trading: An intraday analysis. The Financial Review 39: 549-577.
Chung, K., T. McInish, R. Wood, and D. Wyhowski. 1995. Production of information, information asymmetry, and the bid-ask spread: Empirical evidence from analysts’ forecasts. Journal of Banking and Finance 19: 1025-1046.
Clarkson, P. J. Guedes, and R. Thompson. 1996. On the diversification, observability, and measurement of estimation risk. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 31: 69-84.
Cores, J., Loewenstein, W. and J. Suay. 1995. On equilibrium pricing under parameter uncertainty. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 30: 347-364.
Cram, D. P., and V. Karan. 2009. Three threats to validity of choice-based and matched-sample studies in accounting research. Contemporary Accounting Research 26: 477-516.
De Franco, G., Y. Guan, and H. Lu. 2005. The wealth change and redistribution effects of Sarbanes-Oxley internal control disclosures. Working paper, University of Toronto.
Dechow, P. and R. Sloan. 1997. Returns to contrarian investment: tests of the naïve expectations hypotheses. Journal of Financial Economics 43: 3-28.
Diamond, D. 1985. Optimal release of information by firms. The Journal of Finance 46: 1071-1094.
Diamond, D.and R. E. Verrecchia. 1991. Disclosure, liquidity, and the cost of capital. The Journal of Finance 46: 1325-1359.
Doss, M, and G. Jonas. 2004. Section 404 reports on internal control: impact on ratings will depend on nature of material weaknesses reported. Moody’s Investors Service, Global Credit Research., October.
Doyle J., W. Ge and S. McVay. 2007a. Determinants of weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics 44: 193-223.
Doyle J., W. Ge and S. McVay. 2007b. Accruals quality and internal control over financial reporting. The Accounting Review 82: 1141-1170.
Easley,D. and M. O’Hara.. 1992. Time and the Process of Security Price Adjustment. The Journal of Finance 47: 577-605.
Easley,D. and M. O’Hara. 2004. Information and the cost of capital. Journal of Finance 59: 1553-1583.
Easton, P. D. and M. E. Zmijewski. 1989. Cross-sectional variation in the stock market response to accounting earnings announcements. Journal of Accounting and Economics 11: 117-141.
Eleswarapu, V. R., R. Thompson, and K. Venkataraman. 2004. The impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure: Trading costs and information asymmetry. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39: 209-225.
Fischer P. E. and Verrecchia R. E. 1998. Correlated Forecast Errors. Journal of Accounting Research 36: 91-110.
Francis, J., and J. Krishnan, 1999. Accounting accruals and auditor reporting conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research 16: 135-165.
Ge, W., and S. McVay. 2005. The disclosure of material weaknesses in internal control after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Accounting Horizons 19: 137-158.
Glosten, L. and P. Milgrom. 1985. Bid, ask and transaction prices in a specialist market with heterogeneously informed traders. Journal of Financial Economics 14: 71-100.
Greene, W. H. Econometric Analysis. Fifth edition. Prentic Hall.
Gu, Z. 2004. Measuring the precision of analysts’ private and common information: generalization and an application. Working paper. Carnegie Mellon University.
Hammersley, J. S., L. A. Myers, and C. Shakespeare. 2008. Market reactions to the disclosure of internal control weaknesses and to the characteristics of those weaknesses under Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Review of Accounting Studies 13: 141-165.
Harris, M and Raviv A. 1993. Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race. The Review of Financial Studies 6: 473-506.
Healy, P. M. and K. G. Palepu. 2001. Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital market: A review of the empirical disclosure literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31: 405-440.
Hoitash, R., U. Hoitash, and J. Bedard. 2005. Internal control quality and audit pricing under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Working paper, Suffolk University.
Hogan, C. E. and M. S. Wilkins. 2008. Evidence on the audit risk model: Do auditors increase audit fees in the presence of internal control deficiencies? Contemporary Accounting Research 25: 219-242.
Hope, O. K. 2003a. Disclosure practices, enforcement of accounting standards, and analsyts’ forecast accuracy: an international study. Journal of Accounting Research 41: 235-271.
Hope, O. K. 2003b. Accounting policy disclosures and analysts’ forecasts. Contemporary Accounting Research 20: 295-321.
Holthanse, R. W., and R. E. Verrecchia. 1990. The effect of informedness and consensus on price and volume behavior. The Accounting Review 65: 191-208.
Kanagaretnam, K. G. J. Lobo, and D. J. Whalen. 2006. Are changes in public and private information precision related to changes in market liquidity around earnings announcements? SSRN working paper.
Kandel, E. and Pearson N. D. 1995. Differential Interpretation of Public Signals and Trade in Speculative Markets. The Journal of Political Economy 103: 831-872.
Kim, J. B., B. Y. Song, and L. Zhang. 2008. Internal control quality and analyst forecast behavior: Evidence from SOX Section 404 disclosure. 2008 American Accounting Association annual meeting, Anaheim, California.
Kim, O., and R. Verrecchia. 1994. Market liquidity and volume around earnings announcements. Journal of Accounting and Economics 19: 41-67.
Kim, O., and R. Verrecchia. 1997. Pre-announcement and event-period private information. Journal of Accounting and Economics 24: 395-419.
Kinney, W. 2000. Research opportunities in internal control quality and quality assurance. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 19: 83-90.
Krishnan, J., D. Rama, and Y. Zhang. 2008. Costs to comply with SOX section 404, Auditing: A journal of practice and theory 27: 169-186.
Kyle, A. 1985. Continuous auctions and insider trading. Econometrica 53: 1315-1335.
Lang, M. H. and R. J. Lundholm. 1996. Corporate disclosure policy and analyst behavior. The Accounting Review 71:467-492.
Leuz, C. and R. Verrecchia. 2000. The economic consequences of increased disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research 35: 91-124.
Li C., K. H. Rupley and K. Johnstone. 2008. Internal governance, external governance, and internal control material weakness remediation. 2008 AAA auditing Section Midyear Meeting in Anaheim, CA.
Li. C., L. Sun and M. L. Ettredge. 2007. Financial executive qualifications, financial executive turnover, and adverse SOX 404 opinions. SSRN Working Paper.
Libby, T., R. Mathieu, and S. W. G. Robb. 2002. Earnings announcements and information asymmetry: An intra-day analysis. Contemporary Accounting Research 19: 449-472.
Louis, H (2005). Acquirers’ abnormal returns and the non-Big 4 auditor clientele effect. Journal of Accounting and Economics 40: 75-99.
Lundholm, R. J. 1988. Price-Signal Relations in the Presence of Correlated Public and Private Information. Journal of Accounting Research 26: 107-118.
McInish, T., and R. Wood. 1992. An analysis of intraday patterns in bid-ask spreads for NYSE stocks. Journal of Finance 47: 753-764.
Mohanram P. S. and S. V. Sunder .2006. How Has Regulation FD Affected the Operations of Financial Analysts? Contemporary Accounting Research 23: 491-525.
Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s). 2006. The second year of Section 404 reporting on internal control. New York, NY: Moody’s investors service.
Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s). 2007. The third year of Section 404 reporting on internal control. New York, NY: Moody’s investors service.
Ogneva, M., K. R. Subramanyam and K. Raghunandan. 2007. The Accounting Review 82: 1255-1297.
Powell, S. S. 2005. Costs of Sarbanes-Oxley are out of control. Letters to the editor. Wall Street Journal (March 21).
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 2004. An audit of internal control over financial reporting performed in conjunction with an audit of financial statements. Auditing Standard No. 2. Washington, D. C.
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 2007. An audit of internal control over financial reporting that is integrated with and audit of financial statements. Auditing Standard No. 5. Washington, D. C.
Raghunandan, K. and D. Rama. 2006. SOX Section 404 material weakness disclosures and audit fees. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 25: 99-114.
Ramnath, S., S. Rock, and P. Shane. 2008. The financial analyst forecasting literature: A taxonomy with suggestions for future research. International Journal of Forecasting 24: 34-74.
Roulstone, D. T., 2003. Analyst following and market liquidity. Contemporary Accounting Research 20: 551-578.
Schneider, A. and B. K. Church, 2008. The effect of auditors’ internal control opinions on loan decisions. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 27: 1-18.
Solomon, D. 2005. At what price? Critics say the cost of complying with Sarbanes-Oxley is a lot higher than it should be. Wall Street Journal (October 17).
Venkataraman, K., 2000. The role of an upstairs market in an electronic stock exchange, Working paper, Southern Methodist University.
Verrecchia, R. 1982. The use of mathematical models in financial accounting. Journal of Accounting Research 20: 201-242.
Welker, M. 1995. Disclosure policy, information asymmetry, and liquidity in equity markets. Contemporary Accounting Research 11: 801-827.
Whaley, R. E. 1993. Derivatives on market volatility: Hedging tools long overdue. Journal of Derivatives: 71-84.
Whaley, R. E. 2009. Understanding the VIX. The Journal of Portfolio Management 35: 98-105.
Xu, L. and A. P. Tang. 2009. Internal control material weakness, analysts’ accuracy and bias, and brokerage reputation. Morgan State University. SSRN working paper.
Yohn, T. L. 1998. Information asymmetry around earnings announcements. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 11: 165-182.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
94353502
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094353502
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 金成隆zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chin, Chen-Lungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 翁慈青zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Weng, Tzu-Chingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 翁慈青zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Weng, Tzu-Chingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Apr-2010 14:43:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Apr-2010 14:43:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Apr-2010 14:43:32 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094353502en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38373-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94353502zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要係在探討經過會計師查核的內部控制報告書是否會影響到分析師的公私有資訊精確度以及市場流動性。實證結果發現,當公司被視為具有重大內控缺失者,會造成分析師公有及私有資訊精確度下降,進而使得整體資訊環境的不確定性增加。本研究亦發現,當公司揭露內部控制缺失時,該公司在宣告期間會有較差的市場流動性以及較嚴重的資訊不對稱性。本研究更進一步將內控缺失區分成公司及會計層級內控缺失,結果發現有公司層級內控缺失的公司,相較於會計層級缺失者,會有較差的公有資訊精確度及市場流動性。最後,本研究發現,若公司下一年度有進行內部控制缺失修正時,會產生較高的公私有資訊精確度及較高的市場流動性。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This dissertation extends prior research on internal control weaknesses (hereafter ICW) by examining the impact of internal control weakness and their remediation on information precision and market liquidity for firms filed Section 404 reports with the SEC. First, I find that the presence of ICW is associated with lower precisions of public and private information contained in analysts’ earnings forecasts, which in turn increase overall information uncertainty. Second, I find that market liquidity is significantly lower for ICW firms. Moreover, this dissertation provides evidence that firm-level control weaknesses have stronger impact on public information precision and market liquidity than account-specific control weaknesses. Finally, this dissertation suggests that ICW remediation firms have higher information precision and market liquidity, compared to non-remediation firms. My results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity problem and other sensitivity tests.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract..................................................I
Table of contents.........................................II
I.Introduction............................................1
1.Motivation.............................................1
2.Background.............................................4
Ⅱ.The Impact of Internal Control Reports on Information Precision.................................................7
1 Introduction...........................................7
2. Literature Review and hypotheses development..........13
3. Research Design and Data Sources......................20
4. Empirical results.....................................27
5. Conclusion............................................49
Ⅲ. Internal Control Weaknesses, Information Asymmetry and Bid-Ask Spreads: Evidence from SOX Section 404............52
1. Introduction..........................................52
2. Literature Review and hypotheses development..........57
3. Research Design and Data Sources......................61
4. Empirical results.....................................68
5. Conclusion............................................85
IV. Summary and Discussion................................87
Appendix: Examples of internal control disclosure.........89
References...............................................100
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094353502en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內控缺失zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公有資訊精確度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 私有資訊精確度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公司/會計層及缺失zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 市場流動性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Internal control weaknessesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Public information precisionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Private information precisionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Firm-level/account-level weaknessesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Market liquidityen_US
dc.title (題名) 內部控制報告書對資訊精確度與市場流動性之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The impact of internal control reports on information precision and market liquidityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Affleck-Graves. J. Callahan, C. M., and Chipalkatti, N. 2002. Earnings predictability, information asymmetry, and market liquidity. Journal of accounting research 40, 561-583.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aguilar, M. K. 2009. Drama! Intrigue! Congress and Section 404! Compliance Weak (October 30).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ajinkya, B., S. Bhojraj and P. Sengupta. 2005. The association between outside directors, institutional investors and the properties of management earnings forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 43: 343-376.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ashbaugh-Skaife, H., D. W. Collins, W. R. Kinney Jr. 2007. The discovery and repoting of internal control deficiencies prior to SOX-mandated audits. Journal of Accounting and Economics 44: 166-192.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ashbaugh-Skaife, H., D. W. Collins, W. R. and R. LaFond. 2008. The effect of SOX internal control deficiencies and their remediation on accrual quality. The Accounting Review 83: 217-250.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ashbaugh-Skaife, H., D. W. Collins, W. R. and R. LaFond. 2009. The effect of SOX internal control deficiencies on firm risk and cost of equity. Journal of Accounting research, forthcoming.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baginski, S. P. and Hassell J. M. 1997. Determinants of Management Forecast Precision. The Accounting Review 72: 303-312.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bartov, E, F. Gul, and J. Tsui, 2000. Discretionary-accruals models and audit qualifications. Journal of Accounting and Economics 30, 421-452.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barron, O. E., O. Kim, S. C. Lim and D. E. Stevens. 1998. Using analysts’ forecasts to measure properties of analysts’ information environment. The Accounting Review 73: 421-433.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barron, O. E., D. Byard, C. Kile and J. R. Edvard. 2002. High-Technologh intangibles and analysts’ forecast. Journal of accounting Research 40: 289-312.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barron, O. E., D. G. Harris, and M. Stanford. 2005. Evidence that investors trade on private event-period information around earnings announcements. The Accounting Review 80: 403-421.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bedard. J. 2006. Sarbanes Oxley internal control requirements and earnings quality. Laval University. SSRN working paper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beneish, M. D., M. B. Billings and L. D. Hodder. 2008. Internal control weaknesses and information uncertainty. The Accounting Review 83: 665-703.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Behn B. K., J. H. Choi and T. Kang. 2008. Audit quality and properties of analyst earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 83: 327-349.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhattacharya, U., and M. Spiege., 1991. Outsider and market breakdowns. Review of Financial Studies 4, 255-282.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloomfield, R. and T. Wilks. 2000. Disclusure effects in the laboratory: liquidity, depth, and the cost of capital. The Accounting Review 75: 13-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Botosan, C. A., M. A. Plumlee, and Y. Xie. 2004. The role of information precision in determining the cost of equity capital. Review of Accounting Studies 9, 233-259.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bradshaw, M., S. Richardson and R. Sloan, 2001.Do analysts and auditors use information in accruals? Journal of Accounting Research 39, 45-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brennan, M. and A. Subrahmanyam. 1996. Market microstructure and asset pricing: on the compensation for illiquidity in stock returns. Journal of Financial economics 41: 441-464.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burns, J. 2007. SEC sets sights on fine-tuning audit standards. The Wall Street Journal. (April 4): C8zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bushee, B. J., and C. Leuz. 2005. Economic consequences of SEC disclosure regulation: Evidence from the OTC bulletin board. Journal of Accounting and Economics 39: 233-264.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Byard D, and K. W. Shaw. 2003. Corporate disclosure quality and properties of analysts` information environment. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance 18: 355-378.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Callahan, C., C. Lee, and T. L. Yohn. 1997. Commentary: Accounting information and bid-ask spreads. Accounting Horizons 11: 52-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chan, K. C, B. R., Farrell, and P. Lee. 2008. Earnings management of firms reporting material internal control weaknesses under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 27: 161-180.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chang, H. C., H. L., Choy, W. W. Cooper, B. R. Parker, and T. W. Ruefli. 2009. Measuring productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency changes of CPA firms prior to, and following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 43: 221-228.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Charles River Associates. 2005. Sarbanes Oxley Section 404 costs and remediation of deficiencies: Estimates from a sample of Fortune 1000 companies. April, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chiyachantana, C. N., C. X. Jiang, N. Taechapiroontong, and R. A. Wood. 2004. The impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure on information asymmetry and trading: An intraday analysis. The Financial Review 39: 549-577.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chung, K., T. McInish, R. Wood, and D. Wyhowski. 1995. Production of information, information asymmetry, and the bid-ask spread: Empirical evidence from analysts’ forecasts. Journal of Banking and Finance 19: 1025-1046.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clarkson, P. J. Guedes, and R. Thompson. 1996. On the diversification, observability, and measurement of estimation risk. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 31: 69-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cores, J., Loewenstein, W. and J. Suay. 1995. On equilibrium pricing under parameter uncertainty. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 30: 347-364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cram, D. P., and V. Karan. 2009. Three threats to validity of choice-based and matched-sample studies in accounting research. Contemporary Accounting Research 26: 477-516.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) De Franco, G., Y. Guan, and H. Lu. 2005. The wealth change and redistribution effects of Sarbanes-Oxley internal control disclosures. Working paper, University of Toronto.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dechow, P. and R. Sloan. 1997. Returns to contrarian investment: tests of the naïve expectations hypotheses. Journal of Financial Economics 43: 3-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Diamond, D. 1985. Optimal release of information by firms. The Journal of Finance 46: 1071-1094.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Diamond, D.and R. E. Verrecchia. 1991. Disclosure, liquidity, and the cost of capital. The Journal of Finance 46: 1325-1359.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Doss, M, and G. Jonas. 2004. Section 404 reports on internal control: impact on ratings will depend on nature of material weaknesses reported. Moody’s Investors Service, Global Credit Research., October.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Doyle J., W. Ge and S. McVay. 2007a. Determinants of weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics 44: 193-223.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Doyle J., W. Ge and S. McVay. 2007b. Accruals quality and internal control over financial reporting. The Accounting Review 82: 1141-1170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Easley,D. and M. O’Hara.. 1992. Time and the Process of Security Price Adjustment. The Journal of Finance 47: 577-605.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Easley,D. and M. O’Hara. 2004. Information and the cost of capital. Journal of Finance 59: 1553-1583.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Easton, P. D. and M. E. Zmijewski. 1989. Cross-sectional variation in the stock market response to accounting earnings announcements. Journal of Accounting and Economics 11: 117-141.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eleswarapu, V. R., R. Thompson, and K. Venkataraman. 2004. The impact of Regulation Fair Disclosure: Trading costs and information asymmetry. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39: 209-225.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fischer P. E. and Verrecchia R. E. 1998. Correlated Forecast Errors. Journal of Accounting Research 36: 91-110.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Francis, J., and J. Krishnan, 1999. Accounting accruals and auditor reporting conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research 16: 135-165.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ge, W., and S. McVay. 2005. The disclosure of material weaknesses in internal control after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Accounting Horizons 19: 137-158.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glosten, L. and P. Milgrom. 1985. Bid, ask and transaction prices in a specialist market with heterogeneously informed traders. Journal of Financial Economics 14: 71-100.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greene, W. H. Econometric Analysis. Fifth edition. Prentic Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gu, Z. 2004. Measuring the precision of analysts’ private and common information: generalization and an application. Working paper. Carnegie Mellon University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hammersley, J. S., L. A. Myers, and C. Shakespeare. 2008. Market reactions to the disclosure of internal control weaknesses and to the characteristics of those weaknesses under Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Review of Accounting Studies 13: 141-165.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harris, M and Raviv A. 1993. Differences of Opinion Make a Horse Race. The Review of Financial Studies 6: 473-506.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Healy, P. M. and K. G. Palepu. 2001. Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital market: A review of the empirical disclosure literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31: 405-440.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoitash, R., U. Hoitash, and J. Bedard. 2005. Internal control quality and audit pricing under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Working paper, Suffolk University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hogan, C. E. and M. S. Wilkins. 2008. Evidence on the audit risk model: Do auditors increase audit fees in the presence of internal control deficiencies? Contemporary Accounting Research 25: 219-242.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hope, O. K. 2003a. Disclosure practices, enforcement of accounting standards, and analsyts’ forecast accuracy: an international study. Journal of Accounting Research 41: 235-271.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hope, O. K. 2003b. Accounting policy disclosures and analysts’ forecasts. Contemporary Accounting Research 20: 295-321.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Holthanse, R. W., and R. E. Verrecchia. 1990. The effect of informedness and consensus on price and volume behavior. The Accounting Review 65: 191-208.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kanagaretnam, K. G. J. Lobo, and D. J. Whalen. 2006. Are changes in public and private information precision related to changes in market liquidity around earnings announcements? SSRN working paper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kandel, E. and Pearson N. D. 1995. Differential Interpretation of Public Signals and Trade in Speculative Markets. The Journal of Political Economy 103: 831-872.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, J. B., B. Y. Song, and L. Zhang. 2008. Internal control quality and analyst forecast behavior: Evidence from SOX Section 404 disclosure. 2008 American Accounting Association annual meeting, Anaheim, California.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, O., and R. Verrecchia. 1994. Market liquidity and volume around earnings announcements. Journal of Accounting and Economics 19: 41-67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, O., and R. Verrecchia. 1997. Pre-announcement and event-period private information. Journal of Accounting and Economics 24: 395-419.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kinney, W. 2000. Research opportunities in internal control quality and quality assurance. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 19: 83-90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krishnan, J., D. Rama, and Y. Zhang. 2008. Costs to comply with SOX section 404, Auditing: A journal of practice and theory 27: 169-186.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kyle, A. 1985. Continuous auctions and insider trading. Econometrica 53: 1315-1335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lang, M. H. and R. J. Lundholm. 1996. Corporate disclosure policy and analyst behavior. The Accounting Review 71:467-492.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leuz, C. and R. Verrecchia. 2000. The economic consequences of increased disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research 35: 91-124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li C., K. H. Rupley and K. Johnstone. 2008. Internal governance, external governance, and internal control material weakness remediation. 2008 AAA auditing Section Midyear Meeting in Anaheim, CA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li. C., L. Sun and M. L. Ettredge. 2007. Financial executive qualifications, financial executive turnover, and adverse SOX 404 opinions. SSRN Working Paper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Libby, T., R. Mathieu, and S. W. G. Robb. 2002. Earnings announcements and information asymmetry: An intra-day analysis. Contemporary Accounting Research 19: 449-472.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Louis, H (2005). Acquirers’ abnormal returns and the non-Big 4 auditor clientele effect. Journal of Accounting and Economics 40: 75-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lundholm, R. J. 1988. Price-Signal Relations in the Presence of Correlated Public and Private Information. Journal of Accounting Research 26: 107-118.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McInish, T., and R. Wood. 1992. An analysis of intraday patterns in bid-ask spreads for NYSE stocks. Journal of Finance 47: 753-764.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mohanram P. S. and S. V. Sunder .2006. How Has Regulation FD Affected the Operations of Financial Analysts? Contemporary Accounting Research 23: 491-525.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s). 2006. The second year of Section 404 reporting on internal control. New York, NY: Moody’s investors service.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s). 2007. The third year of Section 404 reporting on internal control. New York, NY: Moody’s investors service.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ogneva, M., K. R. Subramanyam and K. Raghunandan. 2007. The Accounting Review 82: 1255-1297.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Powell, S. S. 2005. Costs of Sarbanes-Oxley are out of control. Letters to the editor. Wall Street Journal (March 21).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 2004. An audit of internal control over financial reporting performed in conjunction with an audit of financial statements. Auditing Standard No. 2. Washington, D. C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). 2007. An audit of internal control over financial reporting that is integrated with and audit of financial statements. Auditing Standard No. 5. Washington, D. C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Raghunandan, K. and D. Rama. 2006. SOX Section 404 material weakness disclosures and audit fees. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 25: 99-114.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ramnath, S., S. Rock, and P. Shane. 2008. The financial analyst forecasting literature: A taxonomy with suggestions for future research. International Journal of Forecasting 24: 34-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roulstone, D. T., 2003. Analyst following and market liquidity. Contemporary Accounting Research 20: 551-578.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schneider, A. and B. K. Church, 2008. The effect of auditors’ internal control opinions on loan decisions. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 27: 1-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Solomon, D. 2005. At what price? Critics say the cost of complying with Sarbanes-Oxley is a lot higher than it should be. Wall Street Journal (October 17).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Venkataraman, K., 2000. The role of an upstairs market in an electronic stock exchange, Working paper, Southern Methodist University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verrecchia, R. 1982. The use of mathematical models in financial accounting. Journal of Accounting Research 20: 201-242.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Welker, M. 1995. Disclosure policy, information asymmetry, and liquidity in equity markets. Contemporary Accounting Research 11: 801-827.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whaley, R. E. 1993. Derivatives on market volatility: Hedging tools long overdue. Journal of Derivatives: 71-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whaley, R. E. 2009. Understanding the VIX. The Journal of Portfolio Management 35: 98-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Xu, L. and A. P. Tang. 2009. Internal control material weakness, analysts’ accuracy and bias, and brokerage reputation. Morgan State University. SSRN working paper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yohn, T. L. 1998. Information asymmetry around earnings announcements. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 11: 165-182.zh_TW