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題名 兩岸電視新聞媒體互動歷程個案研究(1998-2008)
Case study: the Interaction of TV news media between Mainland China and Taiwan (1998-2008)
作者 林大法
貢獻者 蘇蘅
林大法
關鍵詞 兩岸電視新聞
交流互動
關係
信任
人脈
社會資本
日期 2007
上傳時間 8-Dec-2010 01:51:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 台海兩岸自1949年隔海分治後,到1987年台灣開放民眾到中國大陸探親恢復接觸。台灣雖然也在1987年開放媒體到大陸採訪,但是兩岸電視新聞媒體的交流、合作受到當時的時空環境影響,非常有限。

1997年底,台灣的TVBS(無線衛星電視台)獲得大陸國務院台灣事務辦公室的批准,成為第一家在大陸北京設立駐點記者(不掛牌的記者站)的台灣電視媒體。之後,台灣其他電視媒體也陸續向大陸提出申請派記者駐點採訪,並先後獲得批准;而申請前往駐點的大陸城市也從北京,陸續增加上海、福州、成都、廈門等。

本文主要研究始於1998年起TVBS在大陸派記者駐點採訪後至2008年之間,和大陸電視媒體(從中央到地方)的互動(包括交流、合作及買賣等)歷程,與這十年間兩岸政經情勢變化的關係影響兩岸電視新聞互動的變化。研究藉此歸結出影響兩岸電視新聞媒體互動的因素,並探討台灣電視新聞媒體進入大陸市場的可能性。

研究發現,大陸電視產業近年來雖不斷引進民間(市場)力量參與運作(例如電視廣告、電視劇拍攝等),但是新聞類仍屬於不得市場化的範疇。這主要是因為大陸所界定的媒介理論認為媒體是黨的喉舌與宣傳工具,必須為黨所用,不得為其他私人力量所掌控。但是由於兩岸特有的政治情勢變化,兩岸的電視新聞媒體多年來已逐漸經由人員交流、新聞事件的合作採訪到相互付費傳送新聞畫面建立互動關係。本文也發現兩岸電視新聞的互動,已從原來主要目的是形成(政治)效應為重,逐漸轉變成為產生(經濟)效益為主的變化。


關鍵詞:兩岸電視新聞、交流互動、關係、信任、人脈、社會資本
Since the two sides of Taiwan Straits split amid civil war in 1949, Taiwan and Mainland China resumed contact only when the Taiwan government lifted restrictions and allowed its people to visit their relatives on the mainland in 1987. Although Taiwan allowed its media to cover news events on the mainland in the same year, the exchange and cooperation of TV news media between the two sides were very limited due to the historical circumstances at that time.

At the end of 1997, Taiwan’s TVBS (Television Broadcasts Limited Satellite) obtained permission from the Taiwan Affairs Office of China’s State Council and became the first Taiwanese TV station to set up a correspondent office (a correspondent office for news covering without company registration) in Beijing. Afterwards, many other Taiwanese TV media applied for the same permission and were eventually approved as well. Beginning with Beijing, the locations for the correspondent offices were expanded later to Shanghai, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Xiamen.

The purpose of this thesis was to study the interactions (including exchanges, cooperation as well as the sales and procurement deals) between TVBS and TV organizations on the Mainland (both central and local) from 1998 –when TVBS started setting up correspondent offices on the mainland – until 2008. The study would also look into how the evolving political and economic ties between Taiwan and the Mainland had influenced the interactions of TV news on cross-straits relationship over the same time frame. Based on the findings, the study would identify the factors that had affected the interactions between TV news media from both sides and explore the possibility of Taiwan’s TV news media entering the Chinese mainland market.

The study found that although the Mainland TV industry had continuously introduced elements of the market economy into its operations (such as TV commercials and TV drama productions, for example), the news media were still excluded from the model of market economy. This was because the Chinese mainland doctrine had defined the news media as a mouthpiece and a tool of propaganda of the Communist Party. Hence, the news media must serve the interest of the Party and cannot be controlled by private forces. But because of the unique changing political situation across the Taiwan Straits, the TV news media from both sides had established interactive relations gradually over the past years through personnel exchanges, cooperation in news coverage and sending news footages with charged fees. This thesis also found that the interactions of TV news on cross-strait relations had moved gradually from its initial objective of making political influences to mainly generating economic benefits.


Key Phrases: TV news on cross-strait relationship, exchanges and interactions, connections, trust, contacts, and social capital.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院碩士在職專班
93941006
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093941006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蘇蘅zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林大法zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 林大法zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Dec-2010 01:51:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Dec-2010 01:51:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Dec-2010 01:51:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093941006en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/48842-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 傳播學院碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93941006zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 台海兩岸自1949年隔海分治後,到1987年台灣開放民眾到中國大陸探親恢復接觸。台灣雖然也在1987年開放媒體到大陸採訪,但是兩岸電視新聞媒體的交流、合作受到當時的時空環境影響,非常有限。

1997年底,台灣的TVBS(無線衛星電視台)獲得大陸國務院台灣事務辦公室的批准,成為第一家在大陸北京設立駐點記者(不掛牌的記者站)的台灣電視媒體。之後,台灣其他電視媒體也陸續向大陸提出申請派記者駐點採訪,並先後獲得批准;而申請前往駐點的大陸城市也從北京,陸續增加上海、福州、成都、廈門等。

本文主要研究始於1998年起TVBS在大陸派記者駐點採訪後至2008年之間,和大陸電視媒體(從中央到地方)的互動(包括交流、合作及買賣等)歷程,與這十年間兩岸政經情勢變化的關係影響兩岸電視新聞互動的變化。研究藉此歸結出影響兩岸電視新聞媒體互動的因素,並探討台灣電視新聞媒體進入大陸市場的可能性。

研究發現,大陸電視產業近年來雖不斷引進民間(市場)力量參與運作(例如電視廣告、電視劇拍攝等),但是新聞類仍屬於不得市場化的範疇。這主要是因為大陸所界定的媒介理論認為媒體是黨的喉舌與宣傳工具,必須為黨所用,不得為其他私人力量所掌控。但是由於兩岸特有的政治情勢變化,兩岸的電視新聞媒體多年來已逐漸經由人員交流、新聞事件的合作採訪到相互付費傳送新聞畫面建立互動關係。本文也發現兩岸電視新聞的互動,已從原來主要目的是形成(政治)效應為重,逐漸轉變成為產生(經濟)效益為主的變化。


關鍵詞:兩岸電視新聞、交流互動、關係、信任、人脈、社會資本
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Since the two sides of Taiwan Straits split amid civil war in 1949, Taiwan and Mainland China resumed contact only when the Taiwan government lifted restrictions and allowed its people to visit their relatives on the mainland in 1987. Although Taiwan allowed its media to cover news events on the mainland in the same year, the exchange and cooperation of TV news media between the two sides were very limited due to the historical circumstances at that time.

At the end of 1997, Taiwan’s TVBS (Television Broadcasts Limited Satellite) obtained permission from the Taiwan Affairs Office of China’s State Council and became the first Taiwanese TV station to set up a correspondent office (a correspondent office for news covering without company registration) in Beijing. Afterwards, many other Taiwanese TV media applied for the same permission and were eventually approved as well. Beginning with Beijing, the locations for the correspondent offices were expanded later to Shanghai, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Xiamen.

The purpose of this thesis was to study the interactions (including exchanges, cooperation as well as the sales and procurement deals) between TVBS and TV organizations on the Mainland (both central and local) from 1998 –when TVBS started setting up correspondent offices on the mainland – until 2008. The study would also look into how the evolving political and economic ties between Taiwan and the Mainland had influenced the interactions of TV news on cross-straits relationship over the same time frame. Based on the findings, the study would identify the factors that had affected the interactions between TV news media from both sides and explore the possibility of Taiwan’s TV news media entering the Chinese mainland market.

The study found that although the Mainland TV industry had continuously introduced elements of the market economy into its operations (such as TV commercials and TV drama productions, for example), the news media were still excluded from the model of market economy. This was because the Chinese mainland doctrine had defined the news media as a mouthpiece and a tool of propaganda of the Communist Party. Hence, the news media must serve the interest of the Party and cannot be controlled by private forces. But because of the unique changing political situation across the Taiwan Straits, the TV news media from both sides had established interactive relations gradually over the past years through personnel exchanges, cooperation in news coverage and sending news footages with charged fees. This thesis also found that the interactions of TV news on cross-strait relations had moved gradually from its initial objective of making political influences to mainly generating economic benefits.


Key Phrases: TV news on cross-strait relationship, exchanges and interactions, connections, trust, contacts, and social capital.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機與背景--------------------------------------------------------------------01
第一節 研究背景----------------------------------------------- ----------------------01
壹、兩岸關係變化,出現新契機-------------------------------------------------01
貳、大陸媒介理論的轉變----------------------------------------------------------05
參、華人社會的獨特性-------------------------------------------------------------05
第二節 問題意識----------------------------------------------------------------------06
壹、台灣電視新聞媒體面臨經營困境-------------------------------------------06
貳、台灣電視新聞的特色與優勢-------------------------------------------------08
參、為何看好大陸市場-------------------------------------------------------------08
肆、為何是TVBS個案經驗-------------------------------------------------------10
第三節 研究價值----------------------------------------------------------------------11
壹、了解中國大陸體制轉變中的台灣優勢為何-------------------------------11
貳、初探具有華人社會特色的電視新聞媒體互動樣貌----------------------12
參、填補兩岸電視新聞交流歷程相關研究的空白----------------------------13
肆、從SWOT架構分析電視新聞互動兩岸的優劣及影響------------------14
第四節 研究目的----------------------------------------------------------------------15

第二章 文獻探討-----------------------------------------------------------------------------17
第一節 中國大陸的媒介理論─馬克斯主義與毛澤東思想-------------------17
第二節 鄧小平、江澤民到胡錦濤的媒介觀-------------------------------------20
第三節 中國大陸電視管制原則和新聞管制方式-------------------------------25
第四節 中國大陸的電視產業與體制變化----------------------------------------30
第五節 節目與新聞節目內容的變化----------------------------------------------33
第六節 中國大陸電視產業變化----------------------------------------------------38
壹、電視控制模式轉變-------------------------------------------------------------38
貳、中央電視台的角色-------------------------------------------------------------40
參、地方台興起與有線電視普及-------------------------------------------------43
第七節 兩岸電視新聞媒體互動關係的建立-------------------------------------44
壹、合作或交換的定義-------------------------------------------------------------46
貳、影響交換的情境----------------------------------------------------------------47
參、交換的溝通、策略和效益----------------------------------------------------49
第八節 研究問題----------------------------------------------------------------------50

第三章 研究方法------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
第一節 研究方法----------------------------------------------------------------------51
壹、文獻蒐集分析---------------------------------------------------------------------51
貳、深度訪談---------------------------------------------------------------------------51
參、個案分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------51
第二節 資料蒐集----------------------------------------------------------------------52
壹、個案選擇---------------------------------------------------------------------------52
貳、訪談對象---------------------------------------------------------------------------53
第三節 研究執行----------------------------------------------------------------------54
壹、訪談題綱---------------------------------------------------------------------------54
貳、研究期間--------------------------------------------------------------------------55
第四節 資料效度與資料處理-------------------------------------------------------56

第四章 研究結果和資料分析---------------------------------------------------------------57
第一節 TVBS與大陸新聞媒體互動關係的發展---------------------------------57
壹、從採訪、供稿、資源整合到共同策劃--------------------------------------58
貳、合作對象:從點、路線到全面--------------------------------------------------60
參、合作多元:從高層主管到前線記者-------------------------------------------61
第二節 TVBS和大陸電視台互動過程中所呈現的新聞特色-----------------62
壹、能夠進行互動的新聞類型------------------------------------------------------62
貳、從單一新聞到系列報導到聯合企畫再到完整節目------------------------66
參、從中央到地方---------------------------------------------------------------------69
肆、從錄播到直播---------------------------------------------------------------------71
第三節 TVBS和大陸電視台互動的策略-----------------------------------------72
壹、人員與設備合作------------------------------------------------------------------72
貳、以物易物--------------------------------------------------------------------------72
參、進行買賣--------------------------------------------------------------------------73
第四節 TVBS和大陸電視台互動的效益-----------------------------------------74
第五節 TVBS和大陸電視台互動,影響策略的情境因素---------------------76
第六節 TVBS和不同大陸電視媒體互動的異同---------------------------------78
第七節 小結-----------------------------------------------------------------------------80

第五章 結論與建議-------------------------------------------------------------------------83
第一節 本研究的主要發現----------------------------------------------------------83
第二節 研究限制和未來研究建議-------------------------------------------------87
壹、 研究方法的限制----------------------------------------------------------------88
貳、 理論的限制----------------------------------------------------------------------88

附錄一:經批准2008年度可供國內三星級以上涉外賓館等單位申請接收
的境外衛星電視頻道名單 (2008年2月18日編制)-----------------------91
附錄二:中外合資、合作廣播電視節目製作經營企業管理暫行規定--------------92
附錄三:境外電視節目引進、播出管理規定-------------------------------------------96
附錄四:境外衛星電視頻道落地管理辦法----------------------------------------------99
附錄五:廣電總局提出《關於促進廣播影視產業發展的意見》(全文)-------112
附錄六:關於臺灣記者來祖國大陸採訪的規定---------------------------------------110
附錄七:廣播電視播出機構中的共產黨員違反宣傳紀律黨紀處分暫行規定---112

參考書目---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------116

圖目錄:
圖一:2006年7月至2007年6月台灣六家新聞頻道市場佔有率變化------------07
圖二:1983-2002中國電視廣告經營額增長趨勢圖------------------------------------09
圖三:1987至2007年中國大陸GDP年增率----------------------------------------------21
圖四:中國廣播電視多頭管理模式---------------------------------------------------------28
圖五:1990-2005年 CCTV廣告收入-----------------------------------------------------33
圖六:2005年中國不同類型電視節目市場佔有率--------------------------------------42
圖七:同質性原則------------------------------------------------------------------------------48

表目錄:
表一:兩岸新聞交流階段變化-------------------------------------------------------------02
表二:2005、2006年台灣總廣告量統計------------------------------------------------07
表三:TVBS進入中國大陸電視新聞市場的SWOT分析---------------------------15
表四:2002-2006年間分析中國電視媒體經營的主要著作與作者-----------------24
表五:中央電視台頻道開播時間及主要定位-------------------------------------------40
表六:初步的成本以及目的性行動與互動的回饋預測-------------------------------48
表七:受訪者資料----------------------------------------------------------------------------54
表八:CCTV-4選播TVBS台灣新聞類型統計-----------------------------------------63
表九:CCTV-4播出台灣本地新聞的類型分析-----------------------------------------63
表十:TVBS與中國大陸電視新聞媒體十種合作關係的四種模式-----------------79
表十一:2006年7月至2007年6月各新聞台四歲以上收視率每月市場佔有率-81
表十二:台灣電視新聞媒體進入大陸電視新聞市場的SWOT分析----------------85
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093941006en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兩岸電視新聞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交流互動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 信任zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人脈zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會資本zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 兩岸電視新聞媒體互動歷程個案研究(1998-2008)zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Case study: the Interaction of TV news media between Mainland China and Taiwan (1998-2008)en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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