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題名 詢價圈購新股上市折價與承銷商市占率之關係
The relationship between underpricing of IPOs through book building and brokers` market share
作者 王譽筑
貢獻者 姜堯民
Chiang,Yao Min
王譽筑
關鍵詞 新股上市
承銷商市占率
日期 2009
上傳時間 8-Dec-2010 01:54:13 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以民國93年至97年間在台灣以詢價圈購為承銷方式之新上市或上櫃之發行公司為樣本,並扣除由上櫃轉上市公司的部份,共計194間公司,此外本研究並考慮主辦承銷商及協辦承銷商之角色,進而探討以詢價圈購為承銷方式之初次公開發行股票是否存在折價現象,以及以詢價圈購案件為調查,探討承銷商聲譽與其市占率之間的關係。

根據本研究實證發現,以詢價圈購為承銷方式之初次公開發行公司的確存在折價發行之現象,並且以初期報酬率為例,平均折價幅度高達44.9%,而若以市場調整後報酬率為例,平均折價幅度也有58%;此外,本研究以承銷商訂價偏離程度訂定「標準平均殘差」進行承銷商之排序,將承銷商分為訂價正確(on the line)承銷商,與訂價偏誤(off the line)承銷商。藉由此研究方式,也發現承銷商的訂價偏離程度的確會影響其聲譽及市占率變化,在訂價正確承銷商組別中,在前後兩段時期市占率比較之下上升了2.75%,反之,訂價偏誤承銷商卻下降了5.68%,此實證發現承銷商的訂價能力越差,會使得未來的市占率有明顯下降之趨勢。
Our sample contains 194 Taiwan Stock Exchange new listed companies from January 2004 to December 2008, excluding those converted their shares from GreTai Securities Market. Meanwhile, our research also considers the initial public offering that underwriters managed or co-managed. The main objective of our research is to test if IPO underwriting phenomenon exists in book building market and discover the relationship between underwriters’ reputation and their subsequent change in market share.
According to our finding suggest, IPO underwrote by book building did exist upderpricing equilibrium. Take initial return as example, the average underpricing is at 44.9% level, furthermore, if we use adjusted- market return as our proxy, we still can find initial public offering was trading at a price 58% higher than its offering price, on average.
The other main subject for our research is that we ranked underwriters in terms of their absolute standardized average residuals (SAR), standing for their capability to price correctly. The “off –the- line” category is referred to largest SAR and bad pricing capability and the “on- the- line” underwriters is with better pricing ability. Our research found that underwriters pricing on the line did get better reputation and their market share increased 2.75% from the previous period. Thus, in this paper we have provided the empirical evidence to prove underwriters have to take every IPO seriously in order to maintain their market share and reputation.
參考文獻 【中文參考文獻】
林象山, 薛富井, 陳長利, 新股訂價偏誤對承銷商公司價值的影響. 管理評論, 1999. 18(1): p. 97-111.
【英文參考文獻】
Akerlof, G. A. (1970), “The market for `lemons`: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.
Allen, F. and G.R. Faulhaber,(1989), “Signaling and underpricing in the IPO market,” Journal of Financial Economics, 23, 303-323.
Baron, D. P.,(1982), “A model of demand for investment banking advising and distribution,” Journal of Financial Economics, 37, 955-976.
Booth, J. R. and R. L. Smith (1986), “Capital raising, underwriting and Certification Hypothesis,” Journal of Financial economics, 41 (2), 291-310
Benveniste, L. M. and P. A. Spindt (1989), “How investment bankers determine the offer price and allocation of new issues,” Journal of Financial Economics, 24(2), 343-361.
Benveniste, L. M. and W.J. Wilhelm(1990),”A competitive analysis of IPO proceeds under alternative regulatory environments,” Journal of Financial Economics, 28, 173-207.
Carter, R. B. and S. Manaster (1990), “Initial public offerings and underwriter reputation,” Journal of Finance, 45(4), pp. 1045-1067.
Chemmanur, T. J. (1993), “The pricing of initial public offerings: A dynamic model with information production,” Journal of Finance, 48, 1, 285-304.
Chen, C. R. and N. Mohan (2002), “Underwriter spread, underwriter reputation, and IPO underpricing: A simultaneous equation analysis,” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 521-540.
Carola, S. (2004), "The effect of banking relationships on the firm`s IPO underpricing,” Journal of Finance, 59, 6, 2903-2958.
Fama, E. F. and K. R. French,(1995), “Size and book-to-market factors in earnings and returns,” Journal of Finance, 131-115.
Fang, L. H. (2005), “Investment bank reputation and the price and quality of underwriting services, “Journal of Finance, 60(6), 2729-2761.
Grinblatt, M. and C. Y. Hwang (1989), “Signaling and the pricing of new issues,” Journal of Finance, 44(2), 393-420.
How, J., Izan, H.Y. and Monroe, G.S.,(1995), “Differential information and the underpricing of initial public offerings: Australia evidence,” Accounting and Finance ,5 (1), 87-105.
Ibbotson, R. G. (1975), “Price performance of common stock new issues,” Journal of Financial Economics, 2 (3), 235-272.
Ibbotson, R. G. and J.F. Jaffe(1975), “Hot issue market, ” Journal of Financial,30,235-275
Katrina, E., M. Roni and O. H. Maureen (2000), `When the underwriter is the market maker: An examination of trading in the IPO aftermarket`. Journal of Finance, 55(3), 1039-1074.
Kirkulak, B. and C. Davis (2005), `Underwriter reputation and underpricing: Evidence from the japanese IPO market`. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 13(4), 451-470.
Logue, D. E. (1973), “On the pricing of unseasoned equity issues: 1965-1969,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 8(1), 91-103.
Loderer, C. F., D. P. Sheehan and G. B. Kadlec (1991), `The pricing of equity offerings`. Journal of Financial Economics, 29(1), 35-57.
Loughran, T., J.R. Ritter, and K. Rydqvisy, (1994), “Initial public offerings: international insights,” Pacific basin Finance Journal, 2, 165-199.
Loughran, T. and J.R. Ritter, (1995), “The new issues puzzle,” Journal of Finance, 50 (1), 23-51.
Loughran, T. and J.R. Ritter,(2002), “Why Don`t Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs?” Oxford Journals, 15, 413-444.
Loughran, T. and J. R. Ritter (2004), “Why has IPO underpricing changed over time? “ Financial Management, 33(3).
Mitchell, M. and J. H. Mulherin,(1994), “The Impact of Public Information on the Stock Market”, Journal of Finance, 49, 923-950.
Ma, T. (1999), “The issuer`s decision of IPO mechanism: Fixed price versus auction”, Annual Global Finance Conference.
Nanda V. & Y. Yun (1996). “Financial Innovation and investor wealth: a study of the
poison put in convertible bonds,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 3,1-22

Ritter, J. R. (1984), “The "Hot issue" Market of 1980”. Journal of Business, 57(2), 215-240.
Rock, K. (1986), “Why new issues are underpriced”. Journal of Financial Economics, 15(1-2), 187-212.
Randolph, P. B. and J. R. Ritter (1986), `Investment banking, reputation and the underpricing of initial public offerings`. Journal of Financial Economics, 213-232.
Ritter, J.R., (1998), “Initial public offerings,” Contemporary Finance Digest, 2, 5-30.
Richard, B. C., H. D. Frederick and K. S. Ajai (1998), “Underwriter reputation, initial returns, and the long-run performance of IPO stocks,” Journal of Finance, 53, (1), 285-311.
Rahman, H. and K. Yung, (1999), “Insurance IPOs - a test of the underpricing theories,”Journal of Insurance Issues, 22(1), 61-77.
Ritter, J.R., and I. Welch,(2002), “A review of IPO activity, pricing, and allocation,” Journal of Finance, 57, 1795-1828.
Sherman, A.E. and S. Titman (2002), “Building the IPO order book: underpricing and participation limits with costly information,” Journal of Financial Economics, 65, 3-29.
Titman,S and B. Trueman (1986), “Information quality and the valuation of new issues” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 8, 159-172
Welch, I. (1989), “Seasoned offerings, imitation costs, and the underpricing of initial public offerings,” Journal of Finance, 44, 421-449.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財務管理研究所
96357013
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096357013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜堯民zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chiang,Yao Minen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王譽筑zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王譽筑zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Dec-2010 01:54:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Dec-2010 01:54:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Dec-2010 01:54:13 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096357013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/48953-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財務管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96357013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以民國93年至97年間在台灣以詢價圈購為承銷方式之新上市或上櫃之發行公司為樣本,並扣除由上櫃轉上市公司的部份,共計194間公司,此外本研究並考慮主辦承銷商及協辦承銷商之角色,進而探討以詢價圈購為承銷方式之初次公開發行股票是否存在折價現象,以及以詢價圈購案件為調查,探討承銷商聲譽與其市占率之間的關係。

根據本研究實證發現,以詢價圈購為承銷方式之初次公開發行公司的確存在折價發行之現象,並且以初期報酬率為例,平均折價幅度高達44.9%,而若以市場調整後報酬率為例,平均折價幅度也有58%;此外,本研究以承銷商訂價偏離程度訂定「標準平均殘差」進行承銷商之排序,將承銷商分為訂價正確(on the line)承銷商,與訂價偏誤(off the line)承銷商。藉由此研究方式,也發現承銷商的訂價偏離程度的確會影響其聲譽及市占率變化,在訂價正確承銷商組別中,在前後兩段時期市占率比較之下上升了2.75%,反之,訂價偏誤承銷商卻下降了5.68%,此實證發現承銷商的訂價能力越差,會使得未來的市占率有明顯下降之趨勢。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Our sample contains 194 Taiwan Stock Exchange new listed companies from January 2004 to December 2008, excluding those converted their shares from GreTai Securities Market. Meanwhile, our research also considers the initial public offering that underwriters managed or co-managed. The main objective of our research is to test if IPO underwriting phenomenon exists in book building market and discover the relationship between underwriters’ reputation and their subsequent change in market share.
According to our finding suggest, IPO underwrote by book building did exist upderpricing equilibrium. Take initial return as example, the average underpricing is at 44.9% level, furthermore, if we use adjusted- market return as our proxy, we still can find initial public offering was trading at a price 58% higher than its offering price, on average.
The other main subject for our research is that we ranked underwriters in terms of their absolute standardized average residuals (SAR), standing for their capability to price correctly. The “off –the- line” category is referred to largest SAR and bad pricing capability and the “on- the- line” underwriters is with better pricing ability. Our research found that underwriters pricing on the line did get better reputation and their market share increased 2.75% from the previous period. Thus, in this paper we have provided the empirical evidence to prove underwriters have to take every IPO seriously in order to maintain their market share and reputation.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究架構 4

第二章 文獻探討與提出假說 6
第一節 詢價圈購制度 6
第二節 文獻整理 9
第三節 研究假說之建立 13

第三章 研究設計 17
第一節 資料來源及處理 17
第二節 變數定義 19
第三節 研究方法 23

第四章 實證結果分析 25
第一節 初期報酬率分析 26
第二節 不確定性與折價幅度之關係 29
第三節 訂價偏離程度與市占變化率之關係 31
第四節 實證結果分析 36

第五章 結論與建議 37
第一節 結論 37
第二節 研究限制 38
第三節 建議 39

參考文獻 40
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096357013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新股上市zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 承銷商市占率zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 詢價圈購新股上市折價與承銷商市占率之關係zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The relationship between underpricing of IPOs through book building and brokers` market shareen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【中文參考文獻】zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林象山, 薛富井, 陳長利, 新股訂價偏誤對承銷商公司價值的影響. 管理評論, 1999. 18(1): p. 97-111.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【英文參考文獻】zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akerlof, G. A. (1970), “The market for `lemons`: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allen, F. and G.R. Faulhaber,(1989), “Signaling and underpricing in the IPO market,” Journal of Financial Economics, 23, 303-323.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baron, D. P.,(1982), “A model of demand for investment banking advising and distribution,” Journal of Financial Economics, 37, 955-976.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Booth, J. R. and R. L. Smith (1986), “Capital raising, underwriting and Certification Hypothesis,” Journal of Financial economics, 41 (2), 291-310zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benveniste, L. M. and P. A. Spindt (1989), “How investment bankers determine the offer price and allocation of new issues,” Journal of Financial Economics, 24(2), 343-361.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benveniste, L. M. and W.J. Wilhelm(1990),”A competitive analysis of IPO proceeds under alternative regulatory environments,” Journal of Financial Economics, 28, 173-207.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carter, R. B. and S. Manaster (1990), “Initial public offerings and underwriter reputation,” Journal of Finance, 45(4), pp. 1045-1067.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chemmanur, T. J. (1993), “The pricing of initial public offerings: A dynamic model with information production,” Journal of Finance, 48, 1, 285-304.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, C. R. and N. Mohan (2002), “Underwriter spread, underwriter reputation, and IPO underpricing: A simultaneous equation analysis,” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 521-540.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carola, S. (2004), "The effect of banking relationships on the firm`s IPO underpricing,” Journal of Finance, 59, 6, 2903-2958.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E. F. and K. R. French,(1995), “Size and book-to-market factors in earnings and returns,” Journal of Finance, 131-115.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fang, L. H. (2005), “Investment bank reputation and the price and quality of underwriting services, “Journal of Finance, 60(6), 2729-2761.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grinblatt, M. and C. Y. Hwang (1989), “Signaling and the pricing of new issues,” Journal of Finance, 44(2), 393-420.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) How, J., Izan, H.Y. and Monroe, G.S.,(1995), “Differential information and the underpricing of initial public offerings: Australia evidence,” Accounting and Finance ,5 (1), 87-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ibbotson, R. G. (1975), “Price performance of common stock new issues,” Journal of Financial Economics, 2 (3), 235-272.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ibbotson, R. G. and J.F. Jaffe(1975), “Hot issue market, ” Journal of Financial,30,235-275zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Katrina, E., M. Roni and O. H. Maureen (2000), `When the underwriter is the market maker: An examination of trading in the IPO aftermarket`. Journal of Finance, 55(3), 1039-1074.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirkulak, B. and C. Davis (2005), `Underwriter reputation and underpricing: Evidence from the japanese IPO market`. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 13(4), 451-470.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Logue, D. E. (1973), “On the pricing of unseasoned equity issues: 1965-1969,” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 8(1), 91-103.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loderer, C. F., D. P. Sheehan and G. B. Kadlec (1991), `The pricing of equity offerings`. Journal of Financial Economics, 29(1), 35-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loughran, T., J.R. Ritter, and K. Rydqvisy, (1994), “Initial public offerings: international insights,” Pacific basin Finance Journal, 2, 165-199.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loughran, T. and J.R. Ritter, (1995), “The new issues puzzle,” Journal of Finance, 50 (1), 23-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loughran, T. and J.R. Ritter,(2002), “Why Don`t Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs?” Oxford Journals, 15, 413-444.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Loughran, T. and J. R. Ritter (2004), “Why has IPO underpricing changed over time? “ Financial Management, 33(3).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mitchell, M. and J. H. Mulherin,(1994), “The Impact of Public Information on the Stock Market”, Journal of Finance, 49, 923-950.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ma, T. (1999), “The issuer`s decision of IPO mechanism: Fixed price versus auction”, Annual Global Finance Conference.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nanda V. & Y. Yun (1996). “Financial Innovation and investor wealth: a study of thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) poison put in convertible bonds,” Journal of Corporate Finance, 3,1-22zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ritter, J. R. (1984), “The "Hot issue" Market of 1980”. Journal of Business, 57(2), 215-240.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rock, K. (1986), “Why new issues are underpriced”. Journal of Financial Economics, 15(1-2), 187-212.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Randolph, P. B. and J. R. Ritter (1986), `Investment banking, reputation and the underpricing of initial public offerings`. Journal of Financial Economics, 213-232.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ritter, J.R., (1998), “Initial public offerings,” Contemporary Finance Digest, 2, 5-30.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richard, B. C., H. D. Frederick and K. S. Ajai (1998), “Underwriter reputation, initial returns, and the long-run performance of IPO stocks,” Journal of Finance, 53, (1), 285-311.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rahman, H. and K. Yung, (1999), “Insurance IPOs - a test of the underpricing theories,”Journal of Insurance Issues, 22(1), 61-77.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ritter, J.R., and I. Welch,(2002), “A review of IPO activity, pricing, and allocation,” Journal of Finance, 57, 1795-1828.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sherman, A.E. and S. Titman (2002), “Building the IPO order book: underpricing and participation limits with costly information,” Journal of Financial Economics, 65, 3-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Titman,S and B. Trueman (1986), “Information quality and the valuation of new issues” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 8, 159-172zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Welch, I. (1989), “Seasoned offerings, imitation costs, and the underpricing of initial public offerings,” Journal of Finance, 44, 421-449.zh_TW