dc.contributor.advisor | 許耀明 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 楊珊妮 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | 楊珊妮 | zh_TW |
dc.date (日期) | 2009 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 8-Dec-2010 02:01:02 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 8-Dec-2010 02:01:02 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 8-Dec-2010 02:01:02 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0096961204 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49185 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 法學院碩士在職專班 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 96961204 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 98 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | "CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Section 1 Research Motivation Section 2 Research Methodology Section 3 Research Scope and Limitation Section 4 General Overview of Geographical Indications A Trademark B Indication of Source C Appellation of Origin D Designation of Origin E Generic Names Section 5 Thesis Organization 106 CHAPTER 2 THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Section 1 The International Treaties of Geographical Indications A The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industry Property 1883 B The Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 1891 C The Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellation of Origin and Their International Registration 1958 D The TRIPS Agreement E Problems of International Protection under these Treaties Section 2 The Protection of Geographical Indications under TRIPS A Article 22: Protection of Geographical Indications B Article 23: Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits C Article 24: International Negotiations; Exceptions D General Provisions and Enforcement CHAPTER 3 LEGAL ASPECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS PROTECTION Section 1 Different Ways for Geographical Indications Protection A The Trademark Law Protection B The Appellation of Origin Protection C The Unfair Competition Law Protection D The Administrative Regulation Protection Section 2 The Scope of Geographical Indication Protection A Extension of Article 23 TRIPS Protection to Products Other than Wines and Spirits 1 Extension in Context 2 Should Article 23 be Extended? 3 Arguments for Extension 4 Arguments against Extension B The Register Issue Section 3 Perspectives from EU and US A The Protection of Geographical Indications in EU B The Protection of Geographical Indications in US 1 BATF Regulations 2 The Lanham Act C The Comparison CHAPTER 4 THE CASE EC – TRADEMARKS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND ITS RELATED ISSUES 81 Section 1 The Case EC – Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs A Background B Statement of the Case C The Panel Section 2 Arguments and Outcomes in the WTO Dispute A The National Treatment Argument B The Trademark Argument C The Significance of the Dispute D Impact of WTO decision on the European Regulation CHAPTER 5 FUTURE REINFORCEMENT IN THE PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Section 1 Negotiations for a Multilateral System of Register for Geographical Indications Section 2 Overselling Geographical Indications to EU Constituencies and to Developing Countries A The Way Forward for Developing Countries Section 3 Geographical Indications and Traditional Knowledge CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 106 REFERENCES 120 " | - |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | Due to the globalization of economy, the protection of intellectual property rights becomes very important, not only on a national and local basis but also on an international basis. The evidence is coming from the negotiation and ultimately the inclusion of the TRIPS Agreement, or Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, into the World Trade Organization. In the TRIPS Agreement, one of the protections to a local intellectual property on an international level is the protection of geographical indications, and such protection can be found in Articles 22 through 24 of the TRIPS Agreement. Geographical indications identify goods as originating in a particular territory or region, and also indicate quality by letting consumers know that the goods come from an area where a given quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the goods is essentially attributable to their geographical origin. The protection of geographical indications has always been on the table and been mentioned in various international treaties, and eventually came together under the TRIPS Agreement. The different ways for geographical indications protection is examined in order to understand the different national regulations used in various countries as a tool to protect the geographical indications, hence, to protect intellectual property rights. The major issue regards the scope of protection is the extension of the TRIPS Article 23; diverse opinions and suggestions are coming from US and EU, the two biggest sovereignties. This also can be seen in the result of the WTO dispute case of EC – Trademarks and Geographical Indications. The future developments such as the negotiations for a multilateral system of register for geographical indications, the progress of developing countries toward protection of geographical indications and the involvement of the traditional knowledge, all play very crucial roles on the enforcement of geographical indications protection. This paper will explore all these matters. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Section 1 Research Motivation Section 2 Research Methodology Section 3 Research Scope and Limitation Section 4 General Overview of Geographical Indications A Trademark B Indication of Source C Appellation of Origin D Designation of Origin E Generic Names Section 5 Thesis Organization 106 CHAPTER 2 THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Section 1 The International Treaties of Geographical Indications A The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industry Property 1883 B The Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods 1891 C The Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellation of Origin and Their International Registration 1958 D The TRIPS Agreement E Problems of International Protection under these Treaties Section 2 The Protection of Geographical Indications under TRIPS A Article 22: Protection of Geographical Indications B Article 23: Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits C Article 24: International Negotiations; Exceptions D General Provisions and Enforcement CHAPTER 3 LEGAL ASPECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS PROTECTION Section 1 Different Ways for Geographical Indications Protection A The Trademark Law Protection B The Appellation of Origin Protection C The Unfair Competition Law Protection D The Administrative Regulation Protection Section 2 The Scope of Geographical Indication Protection A Extension of Article 23 TRIPS Protection to Products Other than Wines and Spirits 1 Extension in Context 2 Should Article 23 be Extended? 3 Arguments for Extension 4 Arguments against Extension B The Register Issue Section 3 Perspectives from EU and US A The Protection of Geographical Indications in EU B The Protection of Geographical Indications in US 1 BATF Regulations 2 The Lanham Act C The Comparison CHAPTER 4 THE CASE EC – TRADEMARKS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND ITS RELATED ISSUES 81 Section 1 The Case EC – Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs A Background B Statement of the Case C The Panel Section 2 Arguments and Outcomes in the WTO Dispute A The National Treatment Argument B The Trademark Argument C The Significance of the Dispute D Impact of WTO decision on the European Regulation CHAPTER 5 FUTURE REINFORCEMENT IN THE PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Section 1 Negotiations for a Multilateral System of Register for Geographical Indications Section 2 Overselling Geographical Indications to EU Constituencies and to Developing Countries A The Way Forward for Developing Countries Section 3 Geographical Indications and Traditional Knowledge CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 106 REFERENCES 120 | zh_TW |
dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096961204 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 地理標示 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 擴張保護之爭議 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 註冊爭議 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Geographical Indications | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Trademark Law | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Appellation of Origin | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | TRIPS Agreement | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Extension Issue | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Multilateral System of Register | en_US |
dc.title (題名) | 世界貿易組織下對於地理標示之保護 | zh_TW |
dc.title (題名) | The protection of geographical indications under WTO | en_US |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | BOOKS | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1. ANDERMAN, STEVEN D. (eds), THE INTERFACE BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND COMPETITION POLICY (2007). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 2. ARUP, CHRISTOPHER, THE NEW WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AGREEMENTS – GLOBALIZING LAW THROUGH SERVICES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (2000). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 3. BAINBRIGE, DAVID & HOWELL, CLAIRE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW (2009). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 4. BEIER, FRIEDRICH-KARL & SCHRICKER, GERHARD (eds), FROM GATT TO TRIPS: THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (1996). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 5. COTTIER, THOMAS, TRADE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN WTO LAW, COLLECTED ESSAYS (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 6. DRAHOS, PETER & MAYNE, RUTH (eds), GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS – KNOWLEDGE, ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT (2002). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 7. DUTFIELD, GRAHAM, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, TRADE AND BIODIVERSITY (2000). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 8. GERVAIS, DANIEL J. (eds), INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT – STRATEGIES TO OPTIMIZE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN A TRIPS-PLUS ERA (2007). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 9. HEATH, CHRISTOPHER & SANDERS, ANSELM KAMPERMAN (eds), NEW FRONTIERS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW – IP AND CULTURAL HERITAGE, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS, ENFORCEMENT AND OVERPROTECTION (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 10. MATTHEWS, DUNCAN, GLOBALIZING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: THE TRIPS AGREEMENT (2002). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 11. PENNER, J. E., THE IDEA OF PROPERTY IN LAW (1997). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12. VAN DEN BOSSCHE, PETER, THE LAW AND THE POLICY OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: TEXT CASES AND MATERIALS, 2ND EDITION (2008). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 13. WATAL, JAYASHREE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE WTO AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2001). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 14. WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (eds), SYMPOSIUM ON THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN THE WORLDWIDE CONTEXT (1997). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | JOURNALS | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1. Arup, Christopher, The State of Play of Dispute Settlement ‘‘Law’’ at the World Trade Organization, 37 J. World Trade 897 (2003). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 2. Beier, Friedrich-Karl & Knaak, Roland, The Protection of Direct and Indirect Geographical Indications of Source in Germany and the European Community, 25 IIC 1, 34 (1994). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 3. Bendekgey, Lee & Mead, Caroline H., International Protection of Appellations of Origins and Other Geographic Indications, 82 Trademark Rep. 765 (1992). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 4. Bently, Lionel & Sherman, Brad, The Impact of European Geographical Indications on National Rights in Member States, 96 Trademark Rep. 850 (2006). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 5. Bowers, Steven A., Location, Location, Location: The Case Against Extending Geographical Indication Protection Under the TRIPS Agreement, 31 AIPLA Q.J. 129 (2003). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 6. Brody, Peter M., Protection of Geographical Indications in the Wake of TRIPS: Existing United States Laws and the Administration’s Proposed Legislation, 84 Trademark Rep. 520 (1994). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 7. Calboli, Irene, Expanding the Protection of Geographical Indications of Origin under TRIPS: “Old” Debate or “New” Opportunity?, 10 Marq. Intell. Prop. L. Rev. 181 (2006). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 8. Carmody, Chi, Remedies and Conformity under the WTO Agreement, 5 J. Int`l Econ. L. 307 (2002). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 9. Chen, Jim, A Sober Second Look at Appellations of Origin: How the United States Will Crash France’s Wine and Cheese Party, 5 Minn. J. Global Trade 29 (1996). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 10. Conrad, Albrecht, The Protection of Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement, 86 Trademark Rep. 11 (1996). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 11. Cotton, Amy P., 123 Years at The Negotiating Table and Still No Dessert? The Case in Support of TRIPS Geographical Indication Protections, 82 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1295 (2007). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12. Creditt, Emily C., Terroir VS. Trademarks: The Debate Over Geographical Indications and Expansions to the TRIPS Agreement, 11 Vand. J. Ent. & Tech. L. 425 (2009). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 13. Dawson, Norma, Locating Geographical Indications – Perspectives From English Law, 90 Trademark Rep. 590 (2000). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 14. Ehlermann, Claus-Dieter, Experiences from the WTO Appellate Body, 38 Tex Int’l LJ 469 (2003). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 15. Farley, Christine Haight, Conflicts between U.S. Law and International Treaties Concerning Geographical Indications, 22 Whittier L. Rev. 73 (2000). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 16. Faulhaber, Lilian V., Cured Meat and Idaho Potatoes: A Comparative Analysis of European and American Protection and Enforcement of Geographic Indications of Foodstuffs, 11 Colum. J. Eur. L. 623 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 17. Fukunaga, Yoshifumi, Enforcing TRIPs: Challenges of Adjudicating Minimum Standards Agreements, 23 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 867 (2008). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 18. Fusco, Stefania, Geographical Indications: A Discussion on the TRIPS Regulation After the Ministerial Conference of Hong Kong, 12 Marq. Intell. Prop. L. Rev. 197 (2008). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 19. Gervais, Daniel, Traditional Knowledge: Are We Closer to the Answers? The Potential Role of Geographical Indications, 15 ILSA J. Int`l & Comp. L. 551 (2009). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 20. Goebel, Burkhart, Geographical Indications and Trademarks – The Road from Doha, 93 Trademark Rep. 964 (2003). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 21. Goebel, Burkhart, Geographical Indications and Trademarks in Europe, 95 Trademark Rep. 1165 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 22. Goldberg, Stacy D., Who Will Raise the White Flag? The Battle between The United States and The European Union Over the Protection of Geographical Indications, 22 U. Pa. J. Int`l Econ. L. 107 (2001). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 23. Gunlicks, Michael B., A Balance of Interests: The Concordance of Copyright Law and Moral Rights in the Worldwide Economy, 11 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 601 (2001). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 24. Heald, Paul J., Trademarks and Geographical Indications: Exploring the Contours of the TRIPS Agreement, 29 Vand. J. Transnat`l L. 635 (1996). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 25. Hughes, Justin, Champagne, Feta, and Bourbon: The Spirited Debate About Geographical Indications, 58 Hastings L.J. 299 (2006). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 26. Kazmi, Harun, Does it Make a Difference Where that Chablis Comes From? Geographical indications in TRIPS and NAFTA, 12 J. Contemp. Legal Issues 470 (2001). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 27. Kemp, Deborah J. & Forsythe, Lynn M., Trademarks and Geographical Indications: A Case of California Champagne, 10 Chap. L. Rev. 257 (2006). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 28. Land, Jacqueline Nanci, Global Intellectual Property Protection as Viewed Through the European Community’s Treatment of Geographical Indications: What Lessons Can TRIPS Learn?, 11 Cardozo J. Int`l & Comp. L. 1007 (2004). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 29. Martin, Jose Manuel Cortes, TRIPS Agreement: Towards A Better Protection For Geographical, 30 Brook. J. Int`l L. 117 (2004). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 30. Montén, Lina, Geographical Indications of Origin: Should They be Protected and Why? – An Analysis of the Issue from the US and EU Perspectives, 22 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. L.J. 315 (2006). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 31. Murphy, Kevin M., Conflict, Confusion, and Bias Under TRIPS Articles 22-24, 19 Am. U. Int`l L. Rev. 1181 (2004). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 32. Nguyen, Xuan-Thao N., Nationalizing Trademarks: A New International Trademark Jurisprudence?, 39 Wake Forest L. Rev. 729 (2004). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 33. Nzelibe, Jide, The Credibility Imperative: The Political Dynamics of Retaliation in the World Trade Organization’s Dispute Resolution Mechanism, 6 Theoretical Inquiries L. 215 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 34. O`Connor, Bernard, Sui Generis Protection of Geographical Indications, 9 Drake J. Agric. L. 359 (2004). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 35. Okediji, Ruth L., The International Intellectual Property Roots of Geographical Indications, 82 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1329 (2007). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 36. Prutzman, Donald L., Geographical Indications – An Emerging Form of Intellectual Property, 18-SPG Int`l L. Practicum 31 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 37. Puustinen, Seppo, Geographical Indications, Trademarks and the WTO Dispute, 9 Int. T.L.R. 167 (2003). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 38. Renaud, John R., Can’t Get There From Here: How NAFTA and GATT Have Reduced Protection for Geographical Trademarks, 26 Brook. J. Int`l L. 1097 (2001). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 39. Staten, Tunisia L., Geographical Indications Protection Under the TRIPS Agreement: Uniformity Not Extension, 87 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc`y 221 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 40. The American Society of International Law, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development: Convention on Biological Diversity - 5 June 1992, 31 I.L.M. 818 (1992). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 41. Torsen, Molly, Apples and Oranges (and Wine): Why the International Conversation Regarding Geographical Indications is at A Standstill, 87 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc`y 31 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 42. Waggoner, Justin M., Acquiring a European Taste for Geographical Indications, 33 Brook. J. Int`l L. 569 (2008). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 43. Wang, Min-Chiuan, The Asian Consciousness and Interests in Geographical Indications, 96 Trademark Rep. 906 (2006). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 44. Waye, Vicki, Assessing Multilateral VS. Bilateral Agreements and Geographic Indications Through International Food and Wine, 14-WTR Currents: Int`l Trade L.J. 56 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 45. Zou, Jinghua, Rice and Cheese, Anyone? The Fight Over TRIPS Geographical Indications Continues, 30 Brook. J. Int`l L. 1141 (2005). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 46. Zylberg, Philippe, Geographical Indications V. Trademarks: The Lisbon Agreement: A Violation of TRIPS?, 11 U. Balt. Intell. Prop. L.J. 1 (2003). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | INTERNET | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1. The Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website, http://www.dfat.gov.au | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 2. The Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation website, http://www.wineaustralia.com | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 3. The BitLaw website, http://www,bitlaw.com | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 4. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATF) website, http://www.atf.gov | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 5. The Cornell University Law School website, http://law.cornell.edu | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 6. The European Commission website, http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 7. The European Union website, http://europa.eu/index_en.htm | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 8. The Institut National des Appellations d`Origine (INAO) website, http://www.inao.gouv.fr | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 9. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) website, http://www.iccwbo.org | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 10. The International Trademark Association website, http://www.inta.org | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 11. The Le Service Public de la Diffusion du Droit website, http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12. The NAFTA Secretariat website, http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 13. The New York Times website, http://www.nytimes.com | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 14. The Office of the United States Trade Representative website, http://ustraderep.gov | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 15. The United States Patent and Trademark Office website, http://www.uspto.gov | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 16. The WIPO website, http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 17. The WTO website, http://www.wto.org | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 18. The WTO documents website, http://docsonline.wto.org | zh_TW |