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題名 Usability of e-government Taipei city web accessibility for the visually impaired persons (blind)
作者 吳怡玉
Goh, Yi Yee
貢獻者 關尚仁
Kwan, Shang Ren
吳怡玉
Goh, Yi Yee
關鍵詞 無障礙
Web accessibility
日期 2009
上傳時間 8-Dec-2010 02:01:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 Usability of E-government Taipei City Web Accessibility for the Visually Impaired Persons (Blind)
By
Yi Yee Goh
This is an empirical research on e-government web accessibility exclusively for visual impaired persons, in particular for blind people in Taipei, Taiwan. Universal access is an important telecommunication concept in the information age, aiming to eliminate the digital divide. Persons with disabilities are one of the most disadvantaged groups that suffer from the digital divide. Web accessibility for this group therefore is important in the discussion of universal access. Although there has been a growing concern in related studies in the fields of web technologies, policies and end users, still, the difficulties for disabled persons, especially for visually impaired persons, remains. Narrowing down the focus to the usability of web content, with the evaluation tools of the International Web Accessibility guidelines on Web design, this paper suggests what the web designers of e-government city websites, should attend to when designing Web pages which in turn could be presented as a model for the other websites. The purpose of the present study is to determine the implementation of the guidelines to web content and what criteria might be missing from the international guidelines when websites are designed for Taiwanese Internet users.

Keywords: Web accessibility
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Adam, A., & Kreps, D. (2006). Enabling or disabling technologies? A critical approach to web accessibility. Information Technology & People, 19 (3), 203-218.
American Library Association. (2004). Information Access for People with Disabilities. Library Technology Reports, 40(3), 10-31.
Babu, R. (2009). Developing an understanding of the nature of accessibility and usability problems blind students face in web-enhanced Instruction Environment. AMCIS 2009 doctoral consortium (pp.12). Retrieved June 9, 2010, from Web site: http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2009_dc/12
Becker, A. (2004). Digital government. In H.Chen, L. Brandt, V. Gregg, R. Traunmüller, S. Dawes, E. Hovy, A. Macintosh & C.A.Larson (Eds.), Accessibility of federal electronic government (pp. -). US: Springer.
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http://www.rit.edu/~easi/itd/itdv06n3/article2.htm
Bertot, J.C., & Jaeger, P.T. (2006). User-centered e-government: Challenges and benefits for government Web sites. Government Information Quarterly, 23, editorial, 163-168.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
95461011
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0954610112
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 關尚仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Kwan, Shang Renen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳怡玉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Goh, Yi Yeeen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳怡玉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Goh, Yi Yeeen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Dec-2010 02:01:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Dec-2010 02:01:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Dec-2010 02:01:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0954610112en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49189-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95461011zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Usability of E-government Taipei City Web Accessibility for the Visually Impaired Persons (Blind)
By
Yi Yee Goh
This is an empirical research on e-government web accessibility exclusively for visual impaired persons, in particular for blind people in Taipei, Taiwan. Universal access is an important telecommunication concept in the information age, aiming to eliminate the digital divide. Persons with disabilities are one of the most disadvantaged groups that suffer from the digital divide. Web accessibility for this group therefore is important in the discussion of universal access. Although there has been a growing concern in related studies in the fields of web technologies, policies and end users, still, the difficulties for disabled persons, especially for visually impaired persons, remains. Narrowing down the focus to the usability of web content, with the evaluation tools of the International Web Accessibility guidelines on Web design, this paper suggests what the web designers of e-government city websites, should attend to when designing Web pages which in turn could be presented as a model for the other websites. The purpose of the present study is to determine the implementation of the guidelines to web content and what criteria might be missing from the international guidelines when websites are designed for Taiwanese Internet users.

Keywords: Web accessibility		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Figures.......................................................................................... viii
List of Tables............................................................................................................. ix

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1. Research Motivation and Background…………………………………………….1
1.1.1. Accessibility for disabled people living independently…………………………...4
1.1.2. Internet access……………………………………………………………………..5
1.1.3. Disabilities-visually impairment…………………………………………………..6
1.1.4. World-wide concern and support for web accessibility for the disabled………….6
1.1.5. Social policies/acts in various countries…………………………………………...6
1.2. Research Questions and Objectives……………………………………………….9
1.3. Definitions....................................................................................................................10
1.3.1. Conceptual definitions……………………………………………………………10
1.3.2. Operational definitions…………………………………………………………...13

2. Literature Review………………………………………………………………………...14
2.1. Conceptual Framework: Universal Access Approach.............................................14
2.1.1. Human Computer Interaction (HCI)……………………………………………..14
2.1.2. Universal design………………………………………………………………….14
2.2. ICTs, Public Information Administration and E-Government………………..19
2.2.1. City government Web Sites………………………………………………………25
2.3. Taiwan..........................................................................................................................27
2.3.1. Taiwan Internet access…………………………………………………………...27
2.3.2. Taiwan’s e-Government program………………………………………………..30
2.3.3. Taipei e-government Web Site www.taipei.go.tw.................................................32
2.4. Web Accessibility.........................................................................................................33
2.4.1 Web accessibility and disabilities…………………………………………………34
2.4.2. Web accessibility and e-government……………………………………………..39
2.4.3. Web accessibility guidelines……………………………………………………..41
2.5. Factors Affects Usability.............................................................................................46

3. Research Methodology…………………………………………………………………...48
3.1. Design……………………………………………………………………………...48
3.2. Procedure…………………………………………………………………………….49
3.3. Qualitative…………………………………………………………………………50
3.3.1. Observation............................................................................................................50
3.3.2. In-depth interview………………………………………………………………..52
3.4. Quantitative……………………………………………………………………….52
3.4.1. Questionnaires design……………………………………………………………53
3.4.2. Statistical testing…………………………………………………………………65

4. Findings…………………………………………………………………………………...68
4.1. General Situation………………………………………………………………….72
4.2. Indicator Implementation…….…………………………………………………..75
4.2.1. Preliminary variables and “perceivability” indicators implementation………….77
4.2.2. Preliminary variables and “operability” indicators implementation……………..83
4.2.3. Preliminary variables and “understandability” indicators implementation………90
4.3. Preliminary Variables and Web Site Content Accessibility Satisfaction….…...97
4.3.1. Preliminary variables and “perceivability” satisfaction………………………...101
4.3.2. Preliminary variables and “operability” satisfaction……………………………102
4.3.3. Preliminary variables and “understandability” satisfaction…………………….104
4.4. Indicator Implementation and Satisfaction……………………………………105

5. Conclusion……………………………………………….………………………………112
5.1. Research Findings and Conclusion……………………………………………..112
5.1.1.Current situation and difficulties…..…………..………………………………...112
5.1.2. Analysis of indicator implementation in relation to users....…….……………...113
5.1.3. Re-examination and suggestion on improvement….……………………….....120
5.2. Research Features……………………………………………………………….124
5.3. Research Limitations…………………………………………………………….125
5.4. Suggestions……………………………………………………………………….125
5.4.1. Academic suggestions…………………………………………………………..125
5.4.2. Practical suggestions……………………………………………………………126

Reference………………………………………………………………………………...127

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………136
Questionnaire in English……………………………………………………………...…136
Questionnaire in Chinese…………………….…………………………………………139
Indicator illustration in General…………………………………………………………143
Indicator illustration in Taipei e-government Web Site………………..………………148		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0954610112en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 無障礙zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Web accessibilityen_US
dc.title (題名) Usability of e-government Taipei city web accessibility for the visually impaired persons (blind)en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abou-Zahra, S. (2008).Web accessibility evaluation. In S. Harper & Y. Yesilada (Eds.), Human-computer interaction series (pp. 79-105). Manchester, London: Springer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abramson, M.A., & Morin, T.L. (2003). E-Government: A Progress Report. In E-Government 2003, Eds, Abramson, M.A. & Moran, T.L. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham, Maryland.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adam, A., & Kreps, D. (2006). Enabling or disabling technologies? A critical approach to web accessibility. Information Technology & People, 19 (3), 203-218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) American Library Association. (2004). Information Access for People with Disabilities. Library Technology Reports, 40(3), 10-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Babu, R. (2009). Developing an understanding of the nature of accessibility and usability problems blind students face in web-enhanced Instruction Environment. AMCIS 2009 doctoral consortium (pp.12). Retrieved June 9, 2010, from Web site: http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2009_dc/12zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, A. (2004). Digital government. In H.Chen, L. Brandt, V. Gregg, R. Traunmüller, S. Dawes, E. Hovy, A. Macintosh & C.A.Larson (Eds.), Accessibility of federal electronic government (pp. -). US: Springer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berry, J. (1999). Apart or a part? Access to the Internet by visually impaired and blind people, with particular emphasis on assistive technology and use perceptions. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from Rochester Institute of Technology Web site:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.rit.edu/~easi/itd/itdv06n3/article2.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bertot, J.C., & Jaeger, P.T. (2006). User-centered e-government: Challenges and benefits for government Web sites. Government Information Quarterly, 23, editorial, 163-168.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bowe, F. G. (1993). Access to the information age: Fundamental decisions in telecommunications policy. Policy Studies Journal, 21(4), 765–774.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown & Steven E. (1996). Disability Culture: A Fact Sheet. (Las Cruces, NM: Institute on Disability Culture, 1996). [Internet publication] Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web:zh_TW
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