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題名 莫拉萊斯時期的中國與玻利維亞能源合作
China-bolivia energy cooperation under the evo morales administration
作者 麥塔納
Maydana Parra, Mike Richard
貢獻者 邱稔壤<br>余小云
Chyou, Ren Rang<br>Yu, Hsiao Yun
麥塔納
Maydana Parra, Mike Richard
關鍵詞 Bolivia
China
energy cooperation
energy policy
International affairs
日期 2010
上傳時間 8-Dec-2010 02:04:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 Nowadays the role that energy plays in international affairs is not only in the military’s role, we can see how energy is a strong part of diplomatic strategies for many countries, the result of economic and energy security depends on energy prosperity, thus the importance of energy has been growing rapidly. Since the 1970’s, energy as such has become then most important part of national economies, social and political problems, largely determining the different development processes, global and regionally, and at the same time affecting national security and political stability.

The importance of energy lies on the need of energy supply and high prices; interest for this topic can be linked to the terrorism threat, political instability in some countries that export energy for example the nationalist ideology raising in some countries that interrupt drastically the continues flow of energy exports, geopolitical problems, or sharp increase of hydrocarbon consumptions.

There are many areas where the cooperation between China and Bolivia is working, and in the energy area we can see the interest of China and the interest of Bolivia in working together to develop this area. Since 2006, China has been increasing the ties with the Bolivian government, approaching to the National interests of the current Bolivian government on developing energy and industrializing the natural resources that Bolivia possesses. On the other hand China has been facing a high rate of economic growth making it able to cooperate with any nation or multiple nations at the same time in many fields. Moreover, energy is a topic inside the Chinese foreign policy toward South America as its rapid economic growth directly influences the consumption of energy. Nowadays China’s national market demand for fuel and energy has surpassed the national productions making China a big consumer and international hunter for energy resources in order to continue with the national economic growth of China in the next years.

Every country pursues national security, which includes a complex perception of not only military capabilities or development tools, but also economic growth. The force that stimulates economic development of the state appears nowadays to be the energy resources; energy security greatly enhances national security of one state, thus energy cooperation becomes an issue of high importance in a globalized world, what are the contact points, requirements and implications of the energy cooperation between Bolivia and China? This issue will be explored in this thesis.
參考文獻 Books
Andrews Philip, Liao Xuanli, and Dannreuther Roland. 2002. “The strategic implications of China’s Energy needs”. Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies. London.
Blair Andy and Bloom Adam. April, 2009. “Lucky Bolivia and the Future of Lithium in the World Economy” COHA Research Associates. Washington DC, USA.
Brahma Chellaney. February, 2007. “Asia’s sharpening Geopolitics of Energy” South Asia Security Project, Centro Volta, India.
Collins B. Gabriel. 2008. “China’s Energy Strategy. The Impact on beijing’s Maritime policies” naval institute Press. Annapolis, USA.
Conelly Marisela, and Cornejo Romer. 1992. “China America Latina Genesis y Desarrollo de sus Relaciones”. Colegio de Mexico, Centro de estudios de Asia y Africa. Mexico DF.
Crane A. Amawi. 1997. “The Theoretical Evolution of International Political Economy”. Oxford University Press. New York:
“The Energy Sector in Latin America" September 2007. Deutsche Bank Research.
Downs Ericka Strecker. 2000, “China Quest for Energy Security”. RAND Corp. Washington DC. USA.
Eisenman Joshua, Heginbothan Erick, and Mitchell Dereck. 2007. “China and the Developing world”, Beijing Strategy for the Twenty century. Armonk, N.Y.
Evan Graham, and Newman Jeffrey. 1992. “The dictionary of World Politics”. A reference guide to concepts, ideas and Institutions, University of Wales, Swansea. United Kingdom.
Fernandez Saavedra Gustavo. July 2007. “Bolivia en the new Latin American Scenario”. Strategic Research Program in Bolivia PIEB. La Paz, Bolivia.
Gilpin Robert. 1989. “The Political Economy of International Relations”. Princeton University Press. New Jersey.
Keohane R.O. Nye J.S. 1977. “Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition”. Little, Brown and Company. Boston, USA.
Keohane R.O. 1989. “International Institutions and State Power”. Westview. Boulder, CO.
Ledebur Kathryn, and Becker Emily. 2007. “Bolivia’s Constitutional Assembly: Conflict and Compromise” Andean Information Network, Bolivia.
Mitchell John. 2009. “The New Economy of Oil, Impacts on Business, Geopolitics and Society”. London.
Munoz Heraldo, and Tulchin Joseph. 1984. “Latin American Nations in World Politics”. Westview Press. Boulder, CO. USA.
Perez Exposito, Francisco Luis. 2002. “Relaciones entre Taiwan y America Latina”. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Sociales de la Universidad Central de Venezuela y el Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Tamkang, Taiwan R.O.C.
Swaine Michael D., and Ashley Tellis. 2000. “Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy: Past, present, and Future”. RAND Corp. Santa Monica, Calif.USA.
Teufel Dreyer. August 2007. “Sino American Energy Cooperation”. Journal of Contemporary China. Miami. USA.
World Energy Outlook. 2006. Paris: International energy Agency.
Zweig, David, and Tian bai Bi. “China`s Global Hunt for Energy”
Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. ”Theory of International Relations”. Reading, Mass Addison- Wesley Pub.
Alexander Wendt. 1999. “Social Theory of International Politics”. Cambridge University Press.
W. Clark, Independent Media Center “The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War With Iraq” January 2003.
蔡明彥. 2003. “中國石油安全戰略之研究” , 北京。
Related International articles
Adams, Terry, Caspian Oil Realities, RIIA Briefing Paper New Series No. 23, September 2001 (online Version).
Arreaza, Teresa. ALBA: Bolivarian Alternative for Latin America and the Caribbean Cuba, 2008.
Balmaceda, Margarita M., EU Energy Policy and Future European Energy Markets: Consequences for the Central and East European States, Arbeitspapiere, MZES Nr. 42, 2002.
Bernanrd D. Cole “ Oil for the lamps for China” Beijing’s 21st century search for energy.” Institute for National Strategic Studies. National Defense University. 2003.
Bhar, Ramaprasad. “Oil Prices and Equity Returns in the BRIC Countries“School of Banking and Finance The University of New South Wales. 2009.
B. Kong.”An anatomy of China’s energy insecurity and its strategies.” Pacific Borthwest national laboratory. October 2005.
Cavallo J. Alfred. ”Predicting the peak in world oil production” Natural Resources Research, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2002.
Chellaney, Brahma. “Asia’s Sharpening Geopolitics of Energy” Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, India. 2007.
Christensen Fryba, Steen. “La Política Energética de Bolivia y las Relaciones entre Bolivia y Brasil” Sociedad y discurso, No 10, 2006.
Cole, Ken. “ALBA: a process of concientización “,THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CUBAN STUDIES, Habana - Cuba, 2008.
Cole Bernanrd , “ Oil for the lamp of China” Beijing’s 21st century search for energy Institute for National Strategic studies, National defense University, 2003.
Collins, Gabriel B. China’s energy strategy. The impact on Beijing’s maritime policies Naval
Institute Press. 2008
Córdova P., Kathya. “BLOQUE DE INTEGRACION ASIA-LATINO AMERICA, CASO BOLIVIA Y CHINA (ENERGIA Y AGRICULTURA)”. Instituto SOUTH GROUP.
Downs Erica. “Energy security series. China” The Brooklyn foreign policy studies, December 2008.
Fernandez Saavedra, Gustavo. “Bolivia in the new Latin American political scenario “T’inkazos, La Paz 2007.
Gall Norman, “Gas in Bolivia: Conflicts and Contracts” Real Instituto Elcano. December 12,2007.
Ronald Bruce St John, “Bolivia`s Referendum About More Than Gas” Foreign Policy in Focus. October 1, 2005.
Götz, Roland, Rußlands Erdgas und die Energiesicherheit der EU, SWP-Studie, S 12, Berlin. April 2002
Kinn Franco, Luis Carlos. “Propuesta Ciudadana de Politica Energetica para la Republica de Bolivia”. COMTECO, Santa Cruz – Bolivia, 2008.
Keefer Douglas John, Mathew B. Nelson, Kevin Schwarts.” Fueling the dragon’s flame US – China Economic and security review commission” Presented to US – China economic and security review commission, September 14 2006.
Harris David, ALBA Venezuela’s answer to “free trade”: the Bolivarian alternative for the Americas.
Hakim Peter,” Is Washington losing Latin America” Foreign affairs, February 2006.
Hanson Stephanie, “Energy bottleneck in South America” Council on Foreign Relations. March 2008.
Ibanez Rojo Enrique. “The UDP government and the crisis of the left 1982-1985” Journal of Latin American Studies, Cambridge University Press. Vol. 32, No. 1, Andean Issue (Feb., 2000).
Jian Lian Xiang. “ Energy first. China and the Middle east” Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2005.
Langdom D. Clough. “ Energy profile of China” Energy Information Administration. January 30. 2007.
Lahoud Gustavo, “Integración Regional Sudamericana:el camino hacia la emancipación economica, energetica y tecnologica”. Buenos Aires 2005.
Martinez Gonzalez Jorge, “ALBA: A Hope for the Poor, A Challenge to Élites” Venezuela analysis. August 2008.
Martinez Nadia, “Bolivia’s Nationalization” Institute for foreign Policy studies, Washington, DC, August 2007.
Mascareñas Juan. Álvarez-Pallete José Ma “CHINA-LATINOAMÉRICA: ¿COMPETENCIA O COOPERACIÓN?” Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 2005.
Massoud Adla.” Oil may fuel Sino-US conflict” Al Jazeera. June 29.2006.
May,Christian. “Structural Alignment: Changing Orders in North and South” New York, 2009.
Mommer, Bernard, Global Oil and the Nation State, Oxford 2002, 168/169.
Müller, Friedemann, Sicherung der internationalen Energieversorgung, Arbeitspapier der SWP, FG10- AP Nr. 3, Berlin. February 2003.
Müller, Friedemann, Energiepolitische Interessen in Zentralasien, in: APuZ, B 8/2002, 23-31
Hopf Ted,”The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security, Vol. 23, No. 1 (summer, 1998).
Nin Zabala, Samuel. “Necesidad de una politica Energetica Nacional Boliviana” Carrera Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Mayor de San Andres UMSA, La Paz – Bolivia, 2006.
O’Hara, Sara L., Great Game or Grubby Game? The Struggle for control of the Caspian, unpublished manuscript.
Peters, Susanne, Building-Up the Potential for Future Resource Conflicts: The Shortcomings of Western Response Strategies to New Energy Vulnerabilities, RSC No. 20003/9 Transatlantic Program Series. 2009.
O’Neill, Jim. “Building Better Global Economic BRICs”, November 2001.
Peters, Susanne, Building-Up the Potential for Future Resource Conflicts: The Shortcomings of Western Response Strategies to New Energy Vulnerabilities, RSC No. 20003/9 Transatlantic Programme Series
Philip Andrews – Speed. “Energy Security in East Asia: a European View “. Presented at the Symposium on Pacific Energy Cooperation, Tokyo 2003.
“The energy Sector in Latin America”, Deutsche Bank Research Corp. Germany 2007.
Purushothaman, Roopa. The BRICs’ Path to 2050: A Dramatically Different Global Economy. Goldman Sachs 2007.
Renner Michael “Vehicle Production Rises, But Few Cars Are "Green" Worldwatch Institute. May 21, 2008.
Roodman, David. “How does the BRICs Stack Up? Adding Brazil, Russia, India, and China to the Environment Component of the Commitment to Development Index” 2007
Rontoyanni, Clelia, Russia and the CIS: Energy and International Relations, Paper presented at the ISA Convention, Budapest 26-28 June 2003,
Serbin Andres, “ Entre UNASUR Y ALBA otra integracion es posible” Coordinadora regional de politicas economicas, 2009.
Teufel Dreyer, June. “Sino – American Energy Cooperation”. Journal of Contemporary China, 2007.
Thompson Drew. “China;s Global Strategy for energy security and diplomacy.” The Jamestown foundation. March 28.2005
Trevor Houser. “The roots of Chinese oil investment abroad.” Asia policy. January 2008
Peter Nolan, Jin Zhang.” The challenge of globalization for large Chinese firms.” United Nations Conference on trade and development. No 162 July 2002.
Victor, David G. and Victor, Nadejda M., “Axis of Oil?” Foreign Affaris vol. 82, No. 2, March/April 2003.
You Ji.”dealing with the Malacca dilemma: China’s effort to protect its energy supply” Strategic
Analysis, Vol.31. No 3. May 2007
Zweig David , Bi Jianhai “China global energy hunt for energy.” Foreign Affairs. September/October 2008.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
97253036
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097253036
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邱稔壤<br>余小云zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chyou, Ren Rang<br>Yu, Hsiao Yunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 麥塔納zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Maydana Parra, Mike Richarden_US
dc.creator (作者) 麥塔納zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Maydana Parra, Mike Richarden_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Dec-2010 02:04:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Dec-2010 02:04:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Dec-2010 02:04:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097253036en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49297-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97253036zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Nowadays the role that energy plays in international affairs is not only in the military’s role, we can see how energy is a strong part of diplomatic strategies for many countries, the result of economic and energy security depends on energy prosperity, thus the importance of energy has been growing rapidly. Since the 1970’s, energy as such has become then most important part of national economies, social and political problems, largely determining the different development processes, global and regionally, and at the same time affecting national security and political stability.

The importance of energy lies on the need of energy supply and high prices; interest for this topic can be linked to the terrorism threat, political instability in some countries that export energy for example the nationalist ideology raising in some countries that interrupt drastically the continues flow of energy exports, geopolitical problems, or sharp increase of hydrocarbon consumptions.

There are many areas where the cooperation between China and Bolivia is working, and in the energy area we can see the interest of China and the interest of Bolivia in working together to develop this area. Since 2006, China has been increasing the ties with the Bolivian government, approaching to the National interests of the current Bolivian government on developing energy and industrializing the natural resources that Bolivia possesses. On the other hand China has been facing a high rate of economic growth making it able to cooperate with any nation or multiple nations at the same time in many fields. Moreover, energy is a topic inside the Chinese foreign policy toward South America as its rapid economic growth directly influences the consumption of energy. Nowadays China’s national market demand for fuel and energy has surpassed the national productions making China a big consumer and international hunter for energy resources in order to continue with the national economic growth of China in the next years.

Every country pursues national security, which includes a complex perception of not only military capabilities or development tools, but also economic growth. The force that stimulates economic development of the state appears nowadays to be the energy resources; energy security greatly enhances national security of one state, thus energy cooperation becomes an issue of high importance in a globalized world, what are the contact points, requirements and implications of the energy cooperation between Bolivia and China? This issue will be explored in this thesis.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………….6

Chapter 2: New global order defined by energy
and natural resources production………………………………........23
2.1. The Strategic role of Energy in the World………………………........23
2.2. Re construction of Bolivia in the Morales Era……….….……...........42
2.3. The emerging BRICs countries..…..………………………………......48
2.4. Bolivarian Alternative for Latin America ALBA………………….........52
2.5. Interdependence moving the foreign
affairs in South America. …………………………………………....59

Chapter 3: The evolution of China – Bolivia cooperation in the Morales Era.....63
3.1. Cooperation between Bolivia and China’s progress…………….......63
3.2. Analysis of the relationship between China and Bolivia………….....76
3.3. Geo strategic objectives…………………………………………..........79

Chapter 4: China’s general energy situation and security………….…………....84
4.1. Energy situation in China……………………………………………….84
4.2. China’s Energy security…………………………………………………91
4.3. Increase of ties with Latin American countries……………………….97

Chapter 5: Bolivian energy strategy and current situation…………………...….102
5.1. Bolivia in terms of energy………………………………………………102
5.2. Current Situation in the Bolivian Gas Industry and production…….117
5.3. Diversification of energy resources
“The lithium possibility”………………………………………………….124
5.4. Bolivian energy strategy………………………………….…………….137
5.5. Brief introduction to Sino Venezuelan energy cooperation…..........142

Chapter 6: Significance and impact of China-Bolivia
energy cooperation…………………….……………………………..148
Conclusions………………………………………………………………………….153
Appendices…………………………………………………………………………..154

References…………………………………………………………………………..167
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097253036en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Boliviaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) energy cooperationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) energy policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International affairsen_US
dc.title (題名) 莫拉萊斯時期的中國與玻利維亞能源合作zh_TW
dc.title (題名) China-bolivia energy cooperation under the evo morales administrationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bookszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andrews Philip, Liao Xuanli, and Dannreuther Roland. 2002. “The strategic implications of China’s Energy needs”. Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies. London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blair Andy and Bloom Adam. April, 2009. “Lucky Bolivia and the Future of Lithium in the World Economy” COHA Research Associates. Washington DC, USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brahma Chellaney. February, 2007. “Asia’s sharpening Geopolitics of Energy” South Asia Security Project, Centro Volta, India.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collins B. Gabriel. 2008. “China’s Energy Strategy. The Impact on beijing’s Maritime policies” naval institute Press. Annapolis, USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conelly Marisela, and Cornejo Romer. 1992. “China America Latina Genesis y Desarrollo de sus Relaciones”. Colegio de Mexico, Centro de estudios de Asia y Africa. Mexico DF.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Crane A. Amawi. 1997. “The Theoretical Evolution of International Political Economy”. Oxford University Press. New York:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “The Energy Sector in Latin America" September 2007. Deutsche Bank Research.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Downs Ericka Strecker. 2000, “China Quest for Energy Security”. RAND Corp. Washington DC. USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eisenman Joshua, Heginbothan Erick, and Mitchell Dereck. 2007. “China and the Developing world”, Beijing Strategy for the Twenty century. Armonk, N.Y.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Evan Graham, and Newman Jeffrey. 1992. “The dictionary of World Politics”. A reference guide to concepts, ideas and Institutions, University of Wales, Swansea. United Kingdom.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fernandez Saavedra Gustavo. July 2007. “Bolivia en the new Latin American Scenario”. Strategic Research Program in Bolivia PIEB. La Paz, Bolivia.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gilpin Robert. 1989. “The Political Economy of International Relations”. Princeton University Press. New Jersey.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keohane R.O. Nye J.S. 1977. “Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition”. Little, Brown and Company. Boston, USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keohane R.O. 1989. “International Institutions and State Power”. Westview. Boulder, CO.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ledebur Kathryn, and Becker Emily. 2007. “Bolivia’s Constitutional Assembly: Conflict and Compromise” Andean Information Network, Bolivia.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mitchell John. 2009. “The New Economy of Oil, Impacts on Business, Geopolitics and Society”. London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Munoz Heraldo, and Tulchin Joseph. 1984. “Latin American Nations in World Politics”. Westview Press. Boulder, CO. USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Perez Exposito, Francisco Luis. 2002. “Relaciones entre Taiwan y America Latina”. Facultad de Ciencias Economicas y Sociales de la Universidad Central de Venezuela y el Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Tamkang, Taiwan R.O.C.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Swaine Michael D., and Ashley Tellis. 2000. “Interpreting China’s Grand Strategy: Past, present, and Future”. RAND Corp. Santa Monica, Calif.USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teufel Dreyer. August 2007. “Sino American Energy Cooperation”. Journal of Contemporary China. Miami. USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) World Energy Outlook. 2006. Paris: International energy Agency.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zweig, David, and Tian bai Bi. “China`s Global Hunt for Energy”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. ”Theory of International Relations”. Reading, Mass Addison- Wesley Pub.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alexander Wendt. 1999. “Social Theory of International Politics”. Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) W. Clark, Independent Media Center “The Real Reasons for the Upcoming War With Iraq” January 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡明彥. 2003. “中國石油安全戰略之研究” , 北京。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Related International articleszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adams, Terry, Caspian Oil Realities, RIIA Briefing Paper New Series No. 23, September 2001 (online Version).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arreaza, Teresa. ALBA: Bolivarian Alternative for Latin America and the Caribbean Cuba, 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Balmaceda, Margarita M., EU Energy Policy and Future European Energy Markets: Consequences for the Central and East European States, Arbeitspapiere, MZES Nr. 42, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernanrd D. Cole “ Oil for the lamps for China” Beijing’s 21st century search for energy.” Institute for National Strategic Studies. National Defense University. 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhar, Ramaprasad. “Oil Prices and Equity Returns in the BRIC Countries“School of Banking and Finance The University of New South Wales. 2009.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) B. Kong.”An anatomy of China’s energy insecurity and its strategies.” Pacific Borthwest national laboratory. October 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cavallo J. Alfred. ”Predicting the peak in world oil production” Natural Resources Research, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chellaney, Brahma. “Asia’s Sharpening Geopolitics of Energy” Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi, India. 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Christensen Fryba, Steen. “La Política Energética de Bolivia y las Relaciones entre Bolivia y Brasil” Sociedad y discurso, No 10, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cole, Ken. “ALBA: a process of concientización “,THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CUBAN STUDIES, Habana - Cuba, 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cole Bernanrd , “ Oil for the lamp of China” Beijing’s 21st century search for energy Institute for National Strategic studies, National defense University, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collins, Gabriel B. China’s energy strategy. The impact on Beijing’s maritime policies Navalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Institute Press. 2008zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Córdova P., Kathya. “BLOQUE DE INTEGRACION ASIA-LATINO AMERICA, CASO BOLIVIA Y CHINA (ENERGIA Y AGRICULTURA)”. Instituto SOUTH GROUP.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Downs Erica. “Energy security series. China” The Brooklyn foreign policy studies, December 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fernandez Saavedra, Gustavo. “Bolivia in the new Latin American political scenario “T’inkazos, La Paz 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gall Norman, “Gas in Bolivia: Conflicts and Contracts” Real Instituto Elcano. December 12,2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ronald Bruce St John, “Bolivia`s Referendum About More Than Gas” Foreign Policy in Focus. October 1, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Götz, Roland, Rußlands Erdgas und die Energiesicherheit der EU, SWP-Studie, S 12, Berlin. April 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kinn Franco, Luis Carlos. “Propuesta Ciudadana de Politica Energetica para la Republica de Bolivia”. COMTECO, Santa Cruz – Bolivia, 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keefer Douglas John, Mathew B. Nelson, Kevin Schwarts.” Fueling the dragon’s flame US – China Economic and security review commission” Presented to US – China economic and security review commission, September 14 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harris David, ALBA Venezuela’s answer to “free trade”: the Bolivarian alternative for the Americas.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hakim Peter,” Is Washington losing Latin America” Foreign affairs, February 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hanson Stephanie, “Energy bottleneck in South America” Council on Foreign Relations. March 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ibanez Rojo Enrique. “The UDP government and the crisis of the left 1982-1985” Journal of Latin American Studies, Cambridge University Press. Vol. 32, No. 1, Andean Issue (Feb., 2000).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jian Lian Xiang. “ Energy first. China and the Middle east” Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Langdom D. Clough. “ Energy profile of China” Energy Information Administration. January 30. 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lahoud Gustavo, “Integración Regional Sudamericana:el camino hacia la emancipación economica, energetica y tecnologica”. Buenos Aires 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Martinez Gonzalez Jorge, “ALBA: A Hope for the Poor, A Challenge to Élites” Venezuela analysis. August 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Martinez Nadia, “Bolivia’s Nationalization” Institute for foreign Policy studies, Washington, DC, August 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mascareñas Juan. Álvarez-Pallete José Ma “CHINA-LATINOAMÉRICA: ¿COMPETENCIA O COOPERACIÓN?” Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 2005.zh_TW
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