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題名	後冷戰時期德國中東外交政策之研究 A study of Germany`s middle east policy in the post cold-war era
作者	朱子亮
貢獻者	李登科朱子亮
關鍵詞	德國歐盟中東地區外交政策中東政策雙邊關係 Germany European Union Middle East Foreign Policy Middle East Policy Bilateral Relations
日期	2008
上傳時間	8-Dec-2010 11:02:06 (UTC+8)
摘要	二次大戰以前之早期歷史階段，中東地區一直是德國對外政策中之次要項目。而冷戰時期之雙邊關係發展，也多傾向於反映西德與該地區實際往來相對有限之情況，而非突顯類似雙邊在地理位置上之鄰近性、以及雙邊經貿關係發展潛力等有利因素；而就該時期阿拉伯國家對西德之態度立場而言，主要特徵在於前者對後者明顯支持以色列之立場感到失望及不滿。70年代以後，西德政府開始嘗試與以色列和阿拉伯國家建立一個「基於平等對待立場」（Politik der Ausgewogenheit）之往來關係原則，然而由於相關策略仍未能擺脫受到冷戰期間之美蘇對立背景環境、中東地區之以阿衝突問題以及二戰時期納粹德國曾經迫害猶太族群之歷史記憶等因素之影響，故至東西德統一以前，西德對中東地區國家一直未能形成具體可見之外交政策。 90年代之後，國際局勢歷經重大變遷，包括冷戰結束、東西德統一，歐盟內部統合趨勢、以及以色列和巴勒斯坦和平進程之展開等，不但影響了德國對中東地區政策，為上述政策之形成帶來新的動力與契機，同時也致使德國在該地區逐漸扮演更有力、可見度較過去顯著之角色。上述變遷之外，致使後冷戰時期德國在中東議題上之參與程度、以及德國支持歐盟在中東地區扮演積極角色之程度有顯著增加之其他主要因素，尚包括德國在中東地區之實際利益有所提升、德國與歐盟和美國之間的合作關係、以及德國與以色列之特殊關係等因素。統一後之德國，其內部已經逐漸擺脫了畏懼談論有關在中東地區利益以及以阿（以巴）衝突問題之情況，而其在中東地區確實存在某些實際利益，也是不容置疑的：經濟上，該地區提供能源及市場方面之需求；安全保障上，同樣地，可以歸結為德國在中東地區之主要安全利益，在於防止中東地區之衝突和不穩定局勢，包括恐怖主義、武器擴散以及難民遷徙等安全問題蔓延至歐洲地區；而就政治方面，德國於該地區之主要利益，在於以阿衝突問題之和平解決，而相關目標之達成，將能顯著地化解德國在拓展與該地區阿拉伯國家關係上之障礙及困境。本篇論文探討並歸結出了塑造當今德國對中東地區政策的五個主要面向：（一）能源、經濟以及安全利益；（二）德國在以阿（以巴）衝突問題上之特殊處境與國內考量；（三）支持歐盟內部成員國在中東議題方面彼此進行協調整合之優先性；（四）強調在中東議題上進行國際多邊合作（特別是需要美國方面之參與和支持）之必要性；（五）德國對以色列之歷史責任及雙邊特殊關係。筆者認為，未來，作為後冷戰時期德國外交政策的一項主要趨勢，德國對中東地區事務之參與情形將更為積極，同時也具備足夠潛力來扮演此一角色，並更願意透過具體實際之措施或行動來展現之，對於該地區局勢未來之變化將具有正面且深刻之影響，故未來其中東政策及在該地區角色之發展不容忽視，有必要予以密切關注。 Before World War II, the Middle East region was not a high priority for the Governments of Germany. For West Germany, development of relations with the Arabic states during the Cold-War period is prone to reflect far more, the relatively limited scope of bilateral engagement, than the geographical proximity or the trading potential between the Arab world and West Germany. On the other hand, the typical perception towards West Germany that existed among the Arabic countries during the Cold-War period, is broadly characterized by the disappointment with West Germany’s pro-Israeli stance. From the 1970s onwards, Governments of West Germany had tried to build up a “principle of even-handedness”（Politik der Ausgewogenheit）in its foreign policy towards Israel, and the Arabic countries, but which still could not ignore the impact of the Cold War, Arab-Israeli conflicts, as well as the legacy of the Nazi past. Thus, a definite and visible policy toward the Middle East countries was unable to be formed during the Cold-War period until the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990. From the 1990s onwards, several major events have occurred which have changed the overall scenario, including the end of the Cold War, the reunification of East and West Germany, European integration, as well as the beginning of the Israel-Palestinian peace process. These developments not only affected Germany’s Middle East policy, but also brought about a new momentum and opportunities, which has resulted in a more forceful, visible and significant role, which Germany now plays in the region. Other major factors resulting in Germany’s increasing participation and its support of the EU role in the Middle East, include the growing German interests in the region, political co-operation between Germany and the EU and the United States, Germany`s special relationship with Israel, as well as others. Post Cold-War Germany shied away, for most of its existence during the time, from discussions about its interests in the Middle East, and the existence of German interests in the region has likewise, become hardly doubtful. Economically, there is a vital interest in a secure energy supply from the region; On the other hand, Germany’s security interests in the region can be boiled down to preventing the problems of regional conflicts, as well as non-conventional threats in the region from exporting into Europe, such as terrorism, arms proliferation, and refugee movements; Politically, Germany’s major interest in the region lies in a peaceful solution of the Israeli-Arab conflict – which can notably solve a dilemma in its development of bilateral relations with both Israel and the Arab states. The thesis has explored and concluded the shape of today’s German Middle East policy with five major elements:（1）energy, economic and security interests;（2）special circumstances and domestic considerations in facing the Israeli-Arab (Israeli-Palestinian) conflict;（3）to support the co-ordination and the integration of policies toward the Middle East region between the EU member states as a top priority;（4）to emphasize the necessity of international multilateral cooperation on the Middle-East issues（especially with the involvement and support from the United States）；（5）Germany`s historical responsibility and its special relationship with Israel. The author believes that in the future, as one of the major trends of the German foreign policy in the post Cold-War era, Germany’s participation in the Middle East affairs will become more active, as it has enough capability and potential to play such a role. It also has become more willing to exercise these attributes through concrete measures or actions, and will have a positive and profound influence upon the development of the region in the future, thus, the future development of its Middle East policy and its role in the region, ought to be put upon with more emphasis and paid with close attention.
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描述	碩士國立政治大學外交研究所 95253032 97
資料來源	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095253032
資料類型	thesis

dc.contributor.advisor	李登科	zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors)	朱子亮	zh_TW
dc.creator (作者)	朱子亮	zh_TW
dc.date (日期)	2008	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	8-Dec-2010 11:02:06 (UTC+8)	-
dc.date.available	8-Dec-2010 11:02:06 (UTC+8)	-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間)	8-Dec-2010 11:02:06 (UTC+8)	-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers)	G0095253032	en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI)	http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49426	-
dc.description (描述)	碩士	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	國立政治大學	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	外交研究所	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	95253032	zh_TW
dc.description (描述)	97	zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)	二次大戰以前之早期歷史階段，中東地區一直是德國對外政策中之次要項目。而冷戰時期之雙邊關係發展，也多傾向於反映西德與該地區實際往來相對有限之情況，而非突顯類似雙邊在地理位置上之鄰近性、以及雙邊經貿關係發展潛力等有利因素；而就該時期阿拉伯國家對西德之態度立場而言，主要特徵在於前者對後者明顯支持以色列之立場感到失望及不滿。70年代以後，西德政府開始嘗試與以色列和阿拉伯國家建立一個「基於平等對待立場」（Politik der Ausgewogenheit）之往來關係原則，然而由於相關策略仍未能擺脫受到冷戰期間之美蘇對立背景環境、中東地區之以阿衝突問題以及二戰時期納粹德國曾經迫害猶太族群之歷史記憶等因素之影響，故至東西德統一以前，西德對中東地區國家一直未能形成具體可見之外交政策。 90年代之後，國際局勢歷經重大變遷，包括冷戰結束、東西德統一，歐盟內部統合趨勢、以及以色列和巴勒斯坦和平進程之展開等，不但影響了德國對中東地區政策，為上述政策之形成帶來新的動力與契機，同時也致使德國在該地區逐漸扮演更有力、可見度較過去顯著之角色。上述變遷之外，致使後冷戰時期德國在中東議題上之參與程度、以及德國支持歐盟在中東地區扮演積極角色之程度有顯著增加之其他主要因素，尚包括德國在中東地區之實際利益有所提升、德國與歐盟和美國之間的合作關係、以及德國與以色列之特殊關係等因素。統一後之德國，其內部已經逐漸擺脫了畏懼談論有關在中東地區利益以及以阿（以巴）衝突問題之情況，而其在中東地區確實存在某些實際利益，也是不容置疑的：經濟上，該地區提供能源及市場方面之需求；安全保障上，同樣地，可以歸結為德國在中東地區之主要安全利益，在於防止中東地區之衝突和不穩定局勢，包括恐怖主義、武器擴散以及難民遷徙等安全問題蔓延至歐洲地區；而就政治方面，德國於該地區之主要利益，在於以阿衝突問題之和平解決，而相關目標之達成，將能顯著地化解德國在拓展與該地區阿拉伯國家關係上之障礙及困境。本篇論文探討並歸結出了塑造當今德國對中東地區政策的五個主要面向：（一）能源、經濟以及安全利益；（二）德國在以阿（以巴）衝突問題上之特殊處境與國內考量；（三）支持歐盟內部成員國在中東議題方面彼此進行協調整合之優先性；（四）強調在中東議題上進行國際多邊合作（特別是需要美國方面之參與和支持）之必要性；（五）德國對以色列之歷史責任及雙邊特殊關係。筆者認為，未來，作為後冷戰時期德國外交政策的一項主要趨勢，德國對中東地區事務之參與情形將更為積極，同時也具備足夠潛力來扮演此一角色，並更願意透過具體實際之措施或行動來展現之，對於該地區局勢未來之變化將具有正面且深刻之影響，故未來其中東政策及在該地區角色之發展不容忽視，有必要予以密切關注。	zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)	Before World War II, the Middle East region was not a high priority for the Governments of Germany. For West Germany, development of relations with the Arabic states during the Cold-War period is prone to reflect far more, the relatively limited scope of bilateral engagement, than the geographical proximity or the trading potential between the Arab world and West Germany. On the other hand, the typical perception towards West Germany that existed among the Arabic countries during the Cold-War period, is broadly characterized by the disappointment with West Germany’s pro-Israeli stance. From the 1970s onwards, Governments of West Germany had tried to build up a “principle of even-handedness”（Politik der Ausgewogenheit）in its foreign policy towards Israel, and the Arabic countries, but which still could not ignore the impact of the Cold War, Arab-Israeli conflicts, as well as the legacy of the Nazi past. Thus, a definite and visible policy toward the Middle East countries was unable to be formed during the Cold-War period until the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990. From the 1990s onwards, several major events have occurred which have changed the overall scenario, including the end of the Cold War, the reunification of East and West Germany, European integration, as well as the beginning of the Israel-Palestinian peace process. These developments not only affected Germany’s Middle East policy, but also brought about a new momentum and opportunities, which has resulted in a more forceful, visible and significant role, which Germany now plays in the region. Other major factors resulting in Germany’s increasing participation and its support of the EU role in the Middle East, include the growing German interests in the region, political co-operation between Germany and the EU and the United States, Germany`s special relationship with Israel, as well as others. Post Cold-War Germany shied away, for most of its existence during the time, from discussions about its interests in the Middle East, and the existence of German interests in the region has likewise, become hardly doubtful. Economically, there is a vital interest in a secure energy supply from the region; On the other hand, Germany’s security interests in the region can be boiled down to preventing the problems of regional conflicts, as well as non-conventional threats in the region from exporting into Europe, such as terrorism, arms proliferation, and refugee movements; Politically, Germany’s major interest in the region lies in a peaceful solution of the Israeli-Arab conflict – which can notably solve a dilemma in its development of bilateral relations with both Israel and the Arab states. The thesis has explored and concluded the shape of today’s German Middle East policy with five major elements:（1）energy, economic and security interests;（2）special circumstances and domestic considerations in facing the Israeli-Arab (Israeli-Palestinian) conflict;（3）to support the co-ordination and the integration of policies toward the Middle East region between the EU member states as a top priority;（4）to emphasize the necessity of international multilateral cooperation on the Middle-East issues（especially with the involvement and support from the United States）；（5）Germany`s historical responsibility and its special relationship with Israel. The author believes that in the future, as one of the major trends of the German foreign policy in the post Cold-War era, Germany’s participation in the Middle East affairs will become more active, as it has enough capability and potential to play such a role. It also has become more willing to exercise these attributes through concrete measures or actions, and will have a positive and profound influence upon the development of the region in the future, thus, the future development of its Middle East policy and its role in the region, ought to be put upon with more emphasis and paid with close attention.	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	第一章、諸論…………………………………………………………1 第一節研究動機與目的……………………………………………1 第二節研究方法與論文架構………………………………………3 第三節文獻回顧……………………………………………………7 第四節研究範圍與限制……………………………………………16 第二章、德國對中東地區政策之歷史發展進程……………………21 第一節德國外交政策之回顧（1871年至1990年）………………21 第二節統一後德國的中東政策（1871年至1945年）……………25 第三節冷戰時期德國的中東政策（1945年至1990年）…………36 第四節小結．…………………………………………………………48 第三章、冷戰後德國對中東地區外交政策之發展……………………54 第一節德國在中東地區之國家利益…………………………………55 第二節後冷戰時期德國對中東地區外交政策之分析………………89 第三節德國對中東地區當前重大議題之立場………………………113 第四節小結……………………………………………………………143 第四章、後冷戰時期德國對中東地區外交政策之評估………………149 第一節影響德國對中東地區外交政策之變數………………………149 第二節德國對中東地區外交政策之具體成果………………………199 第三節德國對中東地區外交政策之缺失與挑戰……………………204 第四節小結……………………………………………………………211 第五章、結論……………………………………………………………215 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………226 附錄………………………………………………………………………275 附錄一：2002年中東和平概念文件……………………………………275 附錄二：1999年歐盟柏林峰會就中東和平進程所發表之宣言………277 附錄三：1995年11月27日至28日巴塞隆納歐洲－地中海地區國家部長級會議之最後聲明及其工作方案（巴塞隆納宣言摘要）……………………278 附錄四：1980年歐體威尼斯高峰會議就中東地區所發表之宣言……282 附錄五：1973年10月22日聯合國安全理事會第338號決議案………284 附錄六：1967年11月22日聯合國安全理事會第242號決議案………284	zh_TW
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dc.language.iso	en_US	-
dc.source.uri (資料來源)	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095253032	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	德國	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	歐盟	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	中東地區	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	外交政策	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	中東政策	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	雙邊關係	zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	Germany	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	European Union	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	Middle East	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	Foreign Policy	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	Middle East Policy	en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞)	Bilateral Relations	en_US
dc.title (題名)	後冷戰時期德國中東外交政策之研究	zh_TW
dc.title (題名)	A study of Germany`s middle east policy in the post cold-war era	en_US
dc.type (資料類型)	thesis	en
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	一. 中文資料	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（一）專書	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	1.田寶岱編，《中東研究導論》，台北：中華民國阿拉伯文化經濟協會，1993。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	2.布里辛斯基（Brzezinski, Zbigniew），《大棋盤：全球戰略大思考》，台北：立緒文化，2003。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	3.吳釗燮，《中東的戰爭與和平》，北縣新店：志一出版，1996。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	4.林正義編，《石油與國際安全》，台北：遠景基金會，2007。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	5.林碧炤，《國際政治與外交政策》，台北：五南出版公司，1997。	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	8.東方曉，《伊斯蘭與冷戰後的世界》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社，1999。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	9.路易斯（Lewis, Bernard），《穆斯林發現歐洲》，北縣新店：立緒文化，2007。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	10.張亞中，《歐洲統合：政府間主義與超國家主義的互動》，台北：揚智出版，1998。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	11.陳勁，《歐盟外交政策與對外關係》，台北：五南，2002。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	12.陳勁，《歐洲聯盟之整合與體制運作》，台北：五南，1999。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	13.郭秋慶，《歐洲國家的外交與安全政策》，台北：臺灣國際研究學會，2006。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	14.郭秋慶，《歐洲聯盟概論》，台北：五南出版公司，1999。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	15.楊永明，《國際安全與國際法》，台北：元照出版公司，2003。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	16.趙偉明，《中東問題與美國中東政策》，北京：時事出版社，2006。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	17.劉月琴，《冷戰後海灣地區國際關係》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社，2002。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（二）期刊論文	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	1.甘逸驊，〈歐盟『柔性強權』身份認同的建構與批判〉，《問題與研究》第四十六卷第四期（2007-10），頁1-25。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	2.甘逸驊，〈『歐洲安全與防衛政策』的軍事層面：歐盟的全球戰略地位〉，《問題與研究》第四十五卷第五期（2006-09/10），頁111-136。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	3.孫德剛，〈中東和平路線圖淺析〉，《西亞非洲雙月刊》2004年第1期，頁18~22。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（三）碩博士論文	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	1.古美真，《德國在歐盟〔共同外交暨安全政策〕機制下之角色演變研究》，國立中興大學國際政治研究所，碩士論文，2004。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	2.包修平，《哈馬斯與以巴和平進程之研究》，國立政治大學外交研究所，碩士論文，2006。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	3.江碧華，《歐盟安全政策發展之研究》，國立政治大學外交研究所，碩士論文，2002。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	4.吳忻宇，《歐洲聯盟在以巴衝突中的政策立場與作為：1990－2005》，淡江大學歐洲研究所，碩士論文，2006。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	5.林宗憲，《伊朗外交政策之研究（一九七九--一九九二年）》，國立政治大學外交研究所，碩士論文，1994。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	6.洪千雅，《德國移民政策之研究》，南華大學歐洲研究所，碩士論文，2003。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	7.張力夫，《伊朗核武問題之研究》，國立政治大學外交研究所，碩士論文，2005。	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	8.陳妍孜，《約旦與中東和平衝突之研究（1980-2002）》，國立政治大學外交研究所，碩士論文，2002。	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	二. 英文資料	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（一）官方資料	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	2.Asseburg, Muriel, “‘Hamastan vs. Fatahland’. A Chance for Progress in the Middle East?” SWP Comments 2007/C 14, Berlin: SWP, 2007/7, 8 pages.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	9.Feldman, Lily Gardner, “Germany’s Policy Toward Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Continuity and Change” in Overhaus, Marco & Maull, Hanns W. & Harnisch, Sebastian ed., German Foreign Policy in Dialogue: German Foreign Policy and the Middle East conflict, Germany: University of Trier, Volume 3, No. 7, 2002/1st quarter, p. 24-29	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	10.Frangi, Abdallah, “Germany and the Middle East Peace Process: The Palestinian Perspective,” in Overhaus, Marco & Maull, Hanns W. & Harnisch, Sebastian ed., German Foreign Policy in Dialogue: German Foreign Policy and the Middle East conflict, Germany: University of Trier, Volume 3, No. 7, 2002/1st quarter, p. 34-37	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	11.Feldman, Lily Gardner, “Germany as Leader in the Middle East Peace Process: From Reluctant Mediation to Active Engagement,” in AICGS Advisor, 2007/02/16, John Hopkins University, 2007.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	12.Feldman, Lily Gardner, “Whose Value? Whose Interests? The Multiple Influences on U.S. and German/European Policies toward the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” in AICGS, German and American Perspectives on Israel, Palestine and the Middle East Conflict - AICGS German-American Issues 06, Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 2006, pp. 7-12.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	13.Feldman Lily Gardner, “Germany’s ‘Special Relationship’ with Israel Continues Despite Appearances to the Contrary,” AICGS Advisor, 2004/5/6.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	14.Glosemeyer, Iris & Perthes, Volker “Anti terror reforms - A snapshot on the situation in Saudi Arabia,” SWP Comments 2004/C 01, Berlin: SWP, 2004/1, 8 pages.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	16.Hagen, Gottfried, “German Heralds of Holy War: Orientalists and Applied Oriental Studies,” in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Volume 24, Number 2, UK: Duke University Press, 2004, pp. 145-162.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	17.Hubel, Helmut, “The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the EU-U.S. Relationship,” in AICGS, German and American Perspectives on Israel, Palestine and the Middle East Conflict - AICGS German-American Issues 06, Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 2006, pp. 30- 32.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	18.James, Wither, “An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo-American Defense Relationship in the Early Twenty-first Century,” in European Security 15, (1), 2006/3, pp. 47–65.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	19.Joffe, Josef, “Mediation in the Middle East,” in the Washington Quarterly, 25:4, Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Autumn 2002, pp. 171–175.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	20.Kaim, Marcus, “Expanding ISAF - Ending OEF: The Debate on the Mandates Sending German Troops to Afganistan,” SWP Comments 2007/C 16, Berlin: SWP, 2007, 4 pages.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	27.Lembcke, Oliver & Kaim, Markus, “The German Role in the Middle East: High Time for a Check Up,” in Overhaus, Marco & Maull, Hanns W. & Harnisch, Sebastian ed., German Foreign Policy in Dialogue: German Foreign Policy and the Middle East conflict, Germany: University of Trier, Volume 3, No. 7, 2002/1st quarter, pp. 16-23	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	28.Maull, Hanns W., “Germany and Japan: The New Civilian Powers,” in Foreign Affairs, Vol. 69, No. 5, 1990 /1991, pp. 91 - 106.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	29.Menon, Rajan, “The End of Alliances,” in World Policy Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, New York: World Policy Institute, MIT Press, 2003 summer, pp. 1-20.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	30.Moss, Kenneth B., “Constitutions, Military Force, and Implications for German American Relations”, SWP Comments 2005/C 56, Berlin: SWP, 2005, 5 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	31.Noetzel, Timo & Scheer, Benjamin, “The German Army and Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan: The need for Strategy”, SWP Comments 2008/C 01, Berlin: SWP, 2008, 4 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	32.Noetzel, Timo & Scheer, Benjamin, “German Special Operation Forces: The Case for Revision”, SWP Comments 2006/C 26, Berlin, SWP, 2006, 4 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	33.Overhaus, Marco, “German Foreign Policy and the Shadow of the Past,” in SAIS Review of International Affairs - Volume 25, Johns Hopkins University, Number 2nd, 2005, pp. 30-40.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	34.Overhaus, Marco, “Editorial: A ‘New’ German Foreign Policy in the Middle East?” in Overhaus, Marco & Maull, Hanns W. & Harnisch, Sebastian ed., German Foreign Policy in Dialogue: German Foreign Policy and the Middle East conflict, Germany: University of Trier, Volume 3, No. 7, 2002/1st Quarter, pp. 5-8.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	35.Perthes, Volker, “America`s “Greater Middle East” and Europe: Key Issues for Dialogue,” in Middle East Policy Council, Middle East Policy Journal Volume XI, Number 3, Washington, D.C: Blackwell Publishing, 2004 Fall, pp. 85-97.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	36.Perthes, Volker, “The European Union and Iraq - Being Concerned Demands Involvement”, SWP Comments 2004/C 17, Berlin: SWP, 4 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	37.Perthes, Volker, “Germany and the Middle East Conflict: What Interests, If Any?” in Overhaus, Marco & Maull, Hanns W. & Harnisch, Sebastian ed., German Foreign Policy in Dialogue: German Foreign Policy and the Middle East conflict, Germany: University of Trier, Volume 3, No. 7, 2002/1st quarter, pp. 8-15.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	38.Perthes, Volker, “Postwar Scenarios in Iraq and Regional Re-ordering,” in The International Spectator, London: Routledge, 37-4, October-December 2002, pp. 21-26.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	39.Porter, Gareth, “The Third Option in Iraq: A Responsible Exit Strategy,” in Middle East Policy Council, Middle East Policy Journal Volume XII, number 3, Washington, D.C: Blackwell Publishing, 2005 Fall, pp. 29-45.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	40.Reissner, Johannes, “Nuclear Issue instead of Iran Policy? Europe`s Difficult Position between Iran and the US”, SWP Comments 2005/C 11, Berlin: SWP, 2005, 4 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	41.Reissner, Johannes, “The New Gap between Iran and the West”, SWP Comments 2005/C 35, Berlin: SWP, Berlin, 2005, 8 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	42.Relanger, Steven, “Faces of Conflict: A Journalist’s Perspective,” in AICGS, German and American Perspectives on Israel, Palestine and the Middle East Conflict - AICGS German-American Issues 06, Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 2006, pp 37-39.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	43.Risse, Thomas, “Kontinuitaet durch Wandel: Eine neue Deutsche Aussenpolitik,” in Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B11, Beilage zur Wochenzeitung Das Parlament, Bonn, 2004/3/8, p. 30.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	44.Rudolf, Peter, “U.S. Policy towards Iran: Developments, Options and Scenarios”, SWP Comments 2005/C 15, Berlin: SWP, 2005, 8 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	45.Rudolf, Peter & Chi-Huy, Tran, “Sanctions against Iran: Options, problems, Perspectives”, SWP Comments 2005/C 37, Berlin: SWP, 4 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	46.Rudolf, Peter, “German-American Relations in a Period of Strategic Change”, SWP Comments 2002/C 05, Berlin: SWP, 2005, 8 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	47.Salama, Sammy, “Was Libyan WMD Disarmament a Significant Success for Nonproliferation?” Washington D.C.: Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS), Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2004/9.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	48.Schneckener, Ulrich, “Iraq and Terrorism: How Are ‚Rogue States’ and Terrorists Connected?” SWP Comments 2003/C 03, Berlin: SWP, 2003, 7 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	49.Schwarzer, Daniela & Werenfels, Isabelle, “The Union for the Mediterranean: A missed Opportunity”, SWP Comments 2008/C 05, Berlin: SWP, 8 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	50.Shain, Yossi & Flanagan, Tanja, “The New Jewish and German Questions and the Transatlantic Alliance,” in Israel Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, Indiana University Press, 2005 Spring, pp. 188-209.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	52.Siebert, Michael, “European Perspectives on The Gulf: Similarities and Differences With the U.S,” in Middle East Policy Council, Middle East Policy Journal Volume IX, number 3, Washington, D.C: Blackwell Publishing, 2002/9, pp. 94-97.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	53.Smith, Tony, “The Domestic Sources of American Policies on the Middle East Conflict,” in AICGS, German and American Perspectives on Israel, Palestine and the Middle East Conflict - AICGS German-American Issues 06, Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 2006, pp.17-20.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	54.Stein, Shimon, “Germany’s Middle East Policy from the Israeli Perspective,” in Overhaus, Marco & Maull, Hanns W. & Harnisch, Sebastian ed., German Foreign Policy in Dialogue: German Foreign Policy and the Middle East conflict, Germany: University of Trier, Volume 3, No. 7, 2002/1st quarter, p. 30-33.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)		zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（四）會議論文	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	1.Alterman, Jon B., “The Promise of Partnership: U.S-EU Coordination in the Middle East”, AICGS Policy Report #10 (Group Project Report “The United States and Germany in the Middle East”), AICGS, John Hopkins University, 2003.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	2.Asseburg, Muriel, “UN resolution 1701, UNIFIL-2 and the “New Greater Middle East Project - A German Perspective”, published in The Cultural Movement - Antelias/Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung “UN resolution 1701: Horizons and Challenges” (National Conference held in January 13th), Lebanon, 2007/1/13.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	3.Asseburg, Muriel, “German-Israeli Relations: Achievements and challenges for the Future”, presentation given at the workshop “40 years of diplomatic relations between Israel and Germany: Past, Present and Future” organized by the German and the Israeli embassies in Kopenhagen, 2005/6/6.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	4.Glosemeyer, Iris, “Promoting Democracy in the Middle East – Challenges for Transatlantic Cooperation”, Berlin: contribution to a panel discussion at the premises of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2004/7/9	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	5.Harks, Enno, “Europe`s Future Oil and Gas Supply - North, East or South?”, contribution to Norwegain-German Discussion Forum `Northern Areas` hold by the Willy-Brandt Stiftung, Berlin: SWP (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), 2004	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	6.Glosemeyer, Iris & Perthes, Volker, “Anti terror reforms - A snapshot on the situation in Saudi Arabia,” Berlin: SWP (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), 2004/1.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	7.Mueller, Patrick, “Germany’s contribution to Europe’s Common Foreign Policy (EFP) in the Middle East – from brakeman to key supporter of a strong European role in Middle East peacemaking,” Paper for the Sixth Pan-European International Relations Conference, Turin, Italia, 2007/12/15.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	8.Steinberg, Guido, “The Iraqi Insurgency: Actors, Strategies and Structures”, Berlin: SWP, 2006.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	9.Perthes, Volker, “Beyond Peace: Israel, the Arab world, and Europe,” Berlin: SWP, published in Open Democracy, 2008/1/22, 5 pages.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	10.Perthes, Volker, “Germany and the Middle East”, Contribution to a conference organized by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Beijing “The European Union and Iraq: Being Concerned Demands Involvement”, Berlin: SWP, 2005.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	11.Perthes, Volker, “Germany and the Gulf: On the way to a policy?” Paper presented to the workshop “International Interests in the Gulf: Policy Implications for the GCC Members”, Abu Dhabi, Emirates Center for Strategic Studies, 2004.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	12.Perthes, Volker, “What to Do about Iraq – An European View’’, Washington D.C.: Contribution to the Daimler-Chrysler U.S－European Forum on World Order and Global Issues, 2004.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	13.Perthes, Volker & Eva, Wegner, “Enriching the Options: Europe, the United States and Iran”, for 4th Annual GMF Think Tank Symposiums in Vienna, Berlin: SWP, 2006/11/12.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	14.Pfaffenbach, Bernd,（Remarks delivered by Dr. Bernd Pfaffenbach, State Secretary in the German Ministry of Economics and Technology）, “The Outlook for Economic Relations with the Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA),” paper at the Second Broader MENA Finance Conference 2007, Munich, 2007/2/9.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	15.Rudolf, Peter, “German Foreign Policy and Transatlantic Relations,” Paper for the conference on “German Foreign Policy in the 1990s and Beyond,” Berlin: SWP, 2004/7/14-17.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	16.Rudolf, Peter, “German Foreign Policy and Transatlantic Relations”, Paper for the conference on “German Foreign Policy in the 1990s and Beyond,” Brühl, 2004.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	17.Rudolf, Peter & Kemp, Geoffrey, “The Iranian Dilemma: Challenges for German and American Foreign Policy”, “German-American relations with Iran” conference report in April 21, 1997 AICGS, Johns Hopkins University, 1997.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	18.Thränert, Oliver, “Ending Suspicious Nuclear Activities in Iran: Discussing the European Approach”, working paper FG3, presentation at Brandeis University Boston, Berlin: SWP, 2004.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	19.Wagner, Wolfgang, “Renationalisation by Default: Germany`s Mounting Gap Between Symbolism and Substance in European Security and Defense Policy,” Hague: paper presented at the Fifth Pan-European International Relations Conference, 2004/9/9-11.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（五）新聞報導	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	1.“Berlin Aims to Revive Mideast Quartet,” in Financial Times Deutschland, 2006/11/11.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	2.“Do Saudi Funds Fuel Extremism Across Europe?” The Wall Street Journal, 2003/12/30.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	3.“Germany, Israel See Eye-to-Eye on Palestinians, Iran,” in International Herald Tribune, 2006/12/11.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	4.“Germany’s Iran ties subject of questions: Prisoner-exchange role raises eyebrows,” in The Washington Time, 1996/7/30.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	5.“Germany`s Merkel Says Search for Mideast Peace May Require ‘Unusual Steps’,“ in International Herald Tribune, 2006/12/14.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	6.“How a Diplomat Spread His Faith Shows Divide Within Saudi Society?”in The Wall Street Journal, 2003/12/10.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	7.“PM Olmert Criticizes German FM Steinmeier for Traveling to Syria,” Haaretz, 2006/12/12.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	8.“Rice Presses Arab States on Peace Plan,” Washington Post, A13, 2007/3/25.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)		zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	（六）網路資料	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	1. 時事評論&專文：	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Alhajji, A. F., “The Endless Iranian Nuclear Crisis”, Project Syndicate Org, 2007.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Ahmad, “German EU Presidency and the Middle East”, Qantara, 2007.	zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Amini, Gitty M., “Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East,” Washington D.C.: Center for Non-proliferation Studies (CNS), Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2003/2.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_24a.html>	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Asseburg, Muriel, “An Opportunity to Revive the Peace Process”, Qantara, 2007.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-760/i.html>	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Asseburg, Muriel, “The European Union and Palestine - EU Policies Frustrate Policy Aims”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-738/i.html>	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Asseburg, Muriel & Perthes, Volker, “Beyond Annapolis: The Case for a Stronger EU engagement”, BEPA Monthly Brief - Issue 12, 2008/2.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.swp-berlin.org/en/common/get_document.php?asset_id=4762>	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Bin Talal, El Hassan, “From Payer to Player in the Middle East”, Project Syndicate Org/Europe`s World, 2007.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/hassan3>	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Bin Talal, El Hassan, “Middle East Integration”, project Syndicate Org, 2005.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/hassan2>	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	Bahman, Nirumand, “The Iranian Nuclear Programme – Contradictory Strategies,” Qantara, 2008/1/29.	zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻)	<http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-917/i.html?PHPSESSID=5>	zh_TW
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