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| Title | 利用可變速率方法賦予網路電話壅塞控制能力 Congestion Control Enabled VoIP by Flexible Bit-rate |
| Creator | 丁諭祺 Ting, Yu Chi |
| Contributor | 連耀南 Lien, Yao Nan 丁諭祺 Ting, Yu Chi |
| Key Words | 壅塞控制 可變速率 數據壅塞控制協定 網路電話 Congestion Control Flexible Bit-rate DCCP VoIP |
| Date | 2010 |
| Date Issued | 8-Dec-2010 12:13:00 (UTC+8) |
| Summary | 近年來，一個具有壅塞控制機制的傳輸協議DCCP被提出，期能取代UDP成為不可靠傳輸的主流協議。我們以NS-2網路模擬器和實際網路進行實驗，發現DCCP無法與其他傳輸協議公平分享頻寬，因此現行DCCP的設計，尚無法完全取代UDP。此外，目前DCCP以調整封包間隔的方式進行壅塞控制，也不適用於講求時效性的網路服務。 本研究首先以實驗證明，當網路情況不佳時，DCCP無法與其他傳輸協議公平的分享頻寬；當使用DCCP傳輸越洋長距離網路電話，如遇頻寬不足時，會因頻寬競爭力較弱而無法維持通話品質。本研究提出可變速率方法(Flexible Bit-rate)調整時效性網路服務的封包大小來進行壅塞控制，在維持一定服務品質之前提下，促進網路的和諧。我們在一個實際網路的實驗環境中評估以UDP、DCCP及可變速率三種方式傳輸網路電話封包的效能，結果顯示透過可變速率方法，能有效降低網路電話的封包遺失率，維持通話品質。 With congestion-control ability, Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is expected to replace UDP as a mainstream unreliable transport protocol. But our study found that DCCP is not able to get a fair share of bandwidth under the competition of others transport protocols no matter in NS-2 simulation or real world networking environments. Furthermore, any congestion control protocol that postpones the transmission of packets may not be adequate to support time-sensitive network services. To maintain the quality of time-sensitive network services as well as to be TCP-friendly when facing network bandwidth fluctuation, we propose a Flexible Bit-rate congestion control mechanism for VoIP to adjust their data rate. Our experiments show that Flexible Bit-rate congestion control method could effectively reduce the packet loss rate and to maintain VoIP quality as compared with UDP and DCCP. Furthermore, it can have a much better bandwidth efficiency and adjust better to network fluctuation. |
| 參考文獻 | [1] C. Albuquerque, B.J. Vickers, and T. Suda, "Network border patrol: Preventing congestion collapse and promoting fairness in the Internet," IEEE-ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 12, no. 4, Dec. 2004, pp. 173-186. [2] L. S. Brakmo, S. W. O’Malley, and Larry L. Peterson. "TCP Vegas: New Techniques for Congestion Detection and Avoidance," ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 1994, pp. 24-35. [3] D. Chiu and R. Jain, "Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithms for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks," Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol.1, 1989, pp. 1-14. [4] A. Falk, D. Katabi, Y. Pryadkin," Specification for the Explicit Control Protocol (XCP)," draft-falk-xcp-03.txt (work in progress), July 2007. [5] K. Fall and S. Floyd, "Simulation-based Comparisons of Tahoe, Reno, and SACK TCP," ACM Computer Communication Review, vol. 26, no.3, 1996, pp. 5-21. [6] S. Floyd and T. Henderson, "The NewReno Modification to TCP`s Fast Recovery Algorithm," IETF RFC 2582, 1999. [7] S. Floyd and E. Kohler, "Profile for DCCP Congestion Control ID 2: TCP-like Congestion Control," IETF draft-ietf-dccp-ccid2-08, http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietfdccp-ccid2-10.txt, Mar. 2005. [8] S. Floyd, E. Kohler, and J. Padhye, "Profile for DCCP Congestion Control ID 3: TFRC Congestion Control," IETF draft-ietf-dccp-ccid3-11, http://www.ietf.org/internetdrafts/draft-ietf-dccp-ccid3-11.txt, Mar. 2005. [9] Z. Fu, P. Zerfos, H. Luo, S. Lu, L. Zhang, and M. Gerla, "The impact of multihop wireless channel on TCP throughput and loss," IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, CA, March 2003. [10] Eddie Kohler, Mark Handley, and Sally Floyd, "Designing DCCP: Congestion Control Without Reliability," SIGCOMM 06, Sep. 2006, Pisa, Italy, pp. 27-38. [11] V. Jacobson, "Congestion Avoidance and Control," ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 1988, pp. 314-329. [12] N. E. Mattsson, "A DCCP module for ns-2," http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1617/2004/175/LTU-EX-04175-SE.pdf, Sep. 2004. [13] J.Nagle, "Congestion Control in TCP/IP," RFC896, Jan 1984. [14] K. Nahm, A. Helmy, and C.-C J. Kuo, "TCP over Multihop 802.11 Networks: Issues and Performance Enhancement," ACM MobiHoc 05, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, May 2005. [15] F. Sabrina and J.-M. Valin,"Adaptive Rate Control for Aggregated VoIP Traffic," GLOBECOM 2008, pp. 1405-1410. [16] W. Stevens, "TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms," IETF RFC 2001, 1997. [17] The E-Model, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.107. [18] "The Network Simulator - ns-2", http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/. [19] G.723, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.723/e. [20] G.729, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.729/e. [21] iLBC, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3951.txt. [22] Mean Opinion Score, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_opinion_score. [23] SpeeX, http://www.speex.org/. |
| Description | 碩士 國立政治大學 資訊科學學系 97753014 99 |
| 資料來源 | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0977530141 |
| Type | thesis |
| dc.contributor.advisor | 連耀南 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Lien, Yao Nan | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 丁諭祺 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Ting, Yu Chi | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 丁諭祺 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Ting, Yu Chi | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2010 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 8-Dec-2010 12:13:00 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 8-Dec-2010 12:13:00 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 8-Dec-2010 12:13:00 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0977530141 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49478 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 資訊科學學系 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 97753014 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 99 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 近年來，一個具有壅塞控制機制的傳輸協議DCCP被提出，期能取代UDP成為不可靠傳輸的主流協議。我們以NS-2網路模擬器和實際網路進行實驗，發現DCCP無法與其他傳輸協議公平分享頻寬，因此現行DCCP的設計，尚無法完全取代UDP。此外，目前DCCP以調整封包間隔的方式進行壅塞控制，也不適用於講求時效性的網路服務。 本研究首先以實驗證明，當網路情況不佳時，DCCP無法與其他傳輸協議公平的分享頻寬；當使用DCCP傳輸越洋長距離網路電話，如遇頻寬不足時，會因頻寬競爭力較弱而無法維持通話品質。本研究提出可變速率方法(Flexible Bit-rate)調整時效性網路服務的封包大小來進行壅塞控制，在維持一定服務品質之前提下，促進網路的和諧。我們在一個實際網路的實驗環境中評估以UDP、DCCP及可變速率三種方式傳輸網路電話封包的效能，結果顯示透過可變速率方法，能有效降低網路電話的封包遺失率，維持通話品質。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | With congestion-control ability, Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is expected to replace UDP as a mainstream unreliable transport protocol. But our study found that DCCP is not able to get a fair share of bandwidth under the competition of others transport protocols no matter in NS-2 simulation or real world networking environments. Furthermore, any congestion control protocol that postpones the transmission of packets may not be adequate to support time-sensitive network services. To maintain the quality of time-sensitive network services as well as to be TCP-friendly when facing network bandwidth fluctuation, we propose a Flexible Bit-rate congestion control mechanism for VoIP to adjust their data rate. Our experiments show that Flexible Bit-rate congestion control method could effectively reduce the packet loss rate and to maintain VoIP quality as compared with UDP and DCCP. Furthermore, it can have a much better bandwidth efficiency and adjust better to network fluctuation. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 1 1.1數據壅塞控制協定(DCCP) 2 1.2 DCCP-BASED VOIP 2 1.3研究目的與方法 3 1.4章節安排 4 第二章 背景與相關研究 5 2.1壅塞崩潰 5 2.2壅塞控制 5 2.3數據壅塞控制協定(DCCP) 6 2.4 TCP的壅塞控制 6 2.4.1 TCP Tahoe和Reno 6 2.4.2 TCP Vegas 7 2.4.3 其他版本 TCP 8 2.5 DCCP的壅塞控制 8 2.5.1 CCID 2: TCP-Like壅塞控制 8 2.5.2 CCID 3: TFRC壅塞控制 8 2.6 VOIP語音封包產生流程 9 2.6.1 取樣與編碼 10 2.6.2封包封裝與傳輸 10 2.6.3影響通話品質的參數 11 2.7 VOIP通話品質評量指標 11 2.7.1 MOS 11 2.7.2 E-Model 12 2.7 現有改變語音壓縮速率的VOIP壅塞控制機制 13 第三章 數據壅塞控制協定頻寬競爭分析 15 3.1實驗設計 15 3.2頻寬競爭分析 17 3.3 VOIP通話品質分析 29 3.4小結 36 第四章 調整封包大小的壅塞控制方法 37 4.1 設計目標 38 4.1.1手動調整方法 38 4.1.2自動調整方法 38 4.2 BIT-RATE調整演算法 38 4.2.1壅塞偵測方法 38 4.2.1降低Bit-rate演算法 40 4.2.2提升Bit-rate演算法 41 4.2.3調整Bit-rate範例 41 第五章 實驗與效能評估 42 5.1評估指標 42 5.2實驗環境 42 5.3實驗一 43 5.3.1實驗結果與分析 44 5.4實驗二 44 5.4.1實驗結果與分析 45 5.5實驗三 45 5.5.1 UDP-Based VoIP實驗結果與分析 46 5.5.2 DCCP-Based VoIP實驗結果與分析 50 5.5.3 Flexible Bit-rate VoIP實驗結果與分析 54 5.5.4三種傳輸方式實驗結果與分析 58 5.6 小結 62 第六章 結論與未來研究 63 參考文獻 64 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 1691026 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0977530141 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 壅塞控制 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 可變速率 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 數據壅塞控制協定 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 網路電話 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Congestion Control | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Flexible Bit-rate | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | DCCP | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | VoIP | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 利用可變速率方法賦予網路電話壅塞控制能力 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | Congestion Control Enabled VoIP by Flexible Bit-rate | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [1] C. Albuquerque, B.J. Vickers, and T. Suda, "Network border patrol: Preventing congestion collapse and promoting fairness in the Internet," IEEE-ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 12, no. 4, Dec. 2004, pp. 173-186. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [2] L. S. Brakmo, S. W. O’Malley, and Larry L. Peterson. "TCP Vegas: New Techniques for Congestion Detection and Avoidance," ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 1994, pp. 24-35. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [3] D. Chiu and R. Jain, "Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithms for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks," Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, vol.1, 1989, pp. 1-14. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [4] A. Falk, D. Katabi, Y. Pryadkin," Specification for the Explicit Control Protocol (XCP)," draft-falk-xcp-03.txt (work in progress), July 2007. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [5] K. Fall and S. Floyd, "Simulation-based Comparisons of Tahoe, Reno, and SACK TCP," ACM Computer Communication Review, vol. 26, no.3, 1996, pp. 5-21. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [6] S. Floyd and T. Henderson, "The NewReno Modification to TCP`s Fast Recovery Algorithm," IETF RFC 2582, 1999. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [7] S. Floyd and E. Kohler, "Profile for DCCP Congestion Control ID 2: TCP-like Congestion Control," IETF draft-ietf-dccp-ccid2-08, http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietfdccp-ccid2-10.txt, Mar. 2005. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [8] S. Floyd, E. Kohler, and J. Padhye, "Profile for DCCP Congestion Control ID 3: TFRC Congestion Control," IETF draft-ietf-dccp-ccid3-11, http://www.ietf.org/internetdrafts/draft-ietf-dccp-ccid3-11.txt, Mar. 2005. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [9] Z. Fu, P. Zerfos, H. Luo, S. Lu, L. Zhang, and M. Gerla, "The impact of multihop wireless channel on TCP throughput and loss," IEEE INFOCOM, San Francisco, CA, March 2003. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [10] Eddie Kohler, Mark Handley, and Sally Floyd, "Designing DCCP: Congestion Control Without Reliability," SIGCOMM 06, Sep. 2006, Pisa, Italy, pp. 27-38. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [11] V. Jacobson, "Congestion Avoidance and Control," ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 1988, pp. 314-329. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [12] N. E. Mattsson, "A DCCP module for ns-2," http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1617/2004/175/LTU-EX-04175-SE.pdf, Sep. 2004. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [13] J.Nagle, "Congestion Control in TCP/IP," RFC896, Jan 1984. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [14] K. Nahm, A. Helmy, and C.-C J. Kuo, "TCP over Multihop 802.11 Networks: Issues and Performance Enhancement," ACM MobiHoc 05, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, May 2005. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [15] F. Sabrina and J.-M. Valin,"Adaptive Rate Control for Aggregated VoIP Traffic," GLOBECOM 2008, pp. 1405-1410. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [16] W. Stevens, "TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms," IETF RFC 2001, 1997. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [17] The E-Model, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.107. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [18] "The Network Simulator - ns-2", http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [19] G.723, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.723/e. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [20] G.729, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.729/e. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [21] iLBC, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3951.txt. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [22] Mean Opinion Score, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_opinion_score. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | [23] SpeeX, http://www.speex.org/. | zh_TW |