學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 捷克民眾眼中的台灣國家形象與產品形象:國家與產品熟悉度之角色
Country and product images of Taiwan among the Czech people: the role of country and product familiarity
作者 楊伯瑞
Borek Janecek
貢獻者 郭貞
Kuo, Cheng
楊伯瑞
Borek Janecek
關鍵詞 國家形象
來源國
國家熟悉度
產品知識
消費行為
Country image
country of origin
country familiarity
product knowledge
consumer behavior
日期 2009
上傳時間 8-Dec-2010 12:32:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 In the globalized economy of today, countries compete among each other for tourists, investors or shares in export markets. In order to achieve their goals, they must carefully build and maintain their reputations internationally, much like commercial brands do. This study evaluates the country image of Taiwan in the Czech Republic, and its effect on perception of Made-in-Taiwan products by Czech consumers. For comparative purposes, images and product perceptions of Japan and China are also included in the study. Extra focus is also placed on the impact of consumers’ knowledge of the country on their perception of country image and country products. The data was gathered through an online survey (252 respondents) and the research reveals several important findings.
First, the country and product perceptions of Taiwan in the Czech Republic are on average slightly positive to positive, dismissing the negative assessment of the Made-in-Taiwan product label. Second, the knowledge of the Czech people about Taiwan is extremely limited. Third, perception of Taiwan’s country image shows a strong positive correlation with consumers’ subjective and objective knowledge of Taiwan. Fourth, the stereotypical positive image of Japanese products and negative image of Chinese products is confirmed here.
參考文獻 1. Agrawal, J. and W. A. Kamakura (1999). "Country of origin: A competitive advantage?" International Journal of Research in Marketing 16(4): 255-267.
2. Ahmed, S. A., A. d`Astous, Eljabri, J. (2002). "The impact of technological complexity on consumers perceptions of products made in highly and newly industrialised countries." International Marketing Review 19(4-5): 387-407.
3. Ahmed, S. A., d`Astous, A. (2008). "Antecedents, moderators and dimensions of country-of-origin evaluations." International Marketing Review 25(1): 75-106.
4. Ahmed, Z. U., Johnson, J. P., Yang, X., Fatt, C. K., Teng, H. S., Boon, L. C. (2004). "Does country of origin matter for low-involvement products?" International Marketing Review 21(1): 102-120.
5. Al-Sulaiti, K. I., Baker M.J. (1998). "Country of origin effects: a literature review." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 16(3): 150 - 199.
6. Alreck, P.L., Settle R.B. (1995). "The Survey Research Handbook (2nd ed.)" Irwin/McGraw-Hill
7. Amine, L. S., Chao, M. C. H., Arnold, M. J. (2005). "Executive insights: Exploring the practical effects of country of origin, animosity, and price-quality issues: Two case studies of Taiwan and Acer in China." Journal of International Marketing 13(2): 114-150.
8. Amine, L. S. (2008). "Country-of-origin, animosity and consumer response: Marketing implications of anti-Americanism and Francophobia." International Business Review 17(4): 402-422.
9. Anholt, S. (2009). "Branding Places and Nations", in R. Clifton (ed.): Brands and Branding. (pp. 206-216) Bloomberg Press.
10. Bailey, K.S. (1994). "Methods of Social Research", The Free Press, New York, N.Y.
11. Balabanis, G., Mueller, R., Melewar, T. C. (2002). "The human values` lenses of country of origin images." International Marketing Review 19(6): 582-610.
12. Balabanis, G. and A. Diamantopoulos (2008). "Brand origin identification by consumers: A classification perspective." Journal of International Marketing 16(1): 39-71.
13. Baughn, C.C. and Yaprak, A. “Mapping Country-of-Origin Research: Recent Developments and Emerging Avenues” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.
14. Bennett, W. Lance (1988): News: The Politics of Illusion, 2nd ed., New York: Longman Inc.
15. Berger, S., Lester, K. (2005). “Global Taiwan: Building Competitive Strengths In A New International Economy.” Sharpe.
16. Bilkey, W. J. and E. Nes (1982). "COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECTS ON PRODUCT EVALUATIONS." Journal of International Business Studies 13(1): 89-99.
17. Bloemer, J., K. Brijs, et al. (2009). "The CoO-ELM model A theoretical framework for the cognitive processes underlying country of origin-effects." European Journal of Marketing 43(1-2): 62-89.
18. Brucks, M. (1985). "THE EFFECTS OF PRODUCT CLASS KNOWLEDGE ON INFORMATION SEARCH BEHAVIOR." Journal of Consumer Research 12(1): 1-16.
19. Cai, P. J., Ting, L. P., Pang, A. (2009). "Managing a nation`s image during crisis: A study of the Chinese government`s image repair efforts in the "Made in China" controversy." Public Relations Review 35(3): 213-218.
20. Chafee, S. H. The interpersonal context of mass communication. In F.G. Kline and P.J. Tichenor (Ed.) (1972), Currect perspectives in mass communication research. Beverly Hills: Sage
21. Chao, P. (1993). "PARTITIONING COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS - CONSUMER EVALUATIONS OF A HYBRID PRODUCT." Journal of International Business Studies 24(2): 291-306.
22. Chao, P., S. Samiee, et al. (2003). "International marketing and the Asia-Pacific Region - Developments, opportunities, and research issues." International Marketing Review 20(5): 480-492.
23. Chattalas, M., T. Kramer, et al. (2008). "The impact of national stereotypes on the country of origin effect - A conceptual framework." International Marketing Review 25(1): 54-74.
24. Chen, P. (2008). "The substitution among the exports of Taiwan, China, and other countries to the United States." Asian Economic Papers 7(2): 1-31.
25. Day, G.S. (1970). “Buyer Attitudes and Brand Choice Behavior”. New York: Free Press
26. Dinnie, K. (2007). Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. Butterworth Heineman.
27. Dmitrovic, T., I. Vida, et al. (2009). "Purchase behavior in favor of domestic products in the West Balkans." International Business Review 18(5): 523-535.
28. Essoussi, L. H. and D. Merunka (2007). "Consumers` product evaluations in emerging markets - Does country of design, country of manufacture, or brand image matter?" International Marketing Review 24(4): 409-426.
29. Flynn, L. R. and R. E. Goldsmith (1999). "A short, reliable measure of subjective knowledge." Journal of Business Research 46(1): 57-66.
30. Fong, J. and S. Burton (2008). "A cross-cultural comparison of electronic word-of-mouth and country-of-origin effects." Journal of Business Research 61(3): 233-242.
31. Gliner J.A. and Morgan G.A. (2000). "Research methods in applied settings: an integrated approach to design and analysis." Routledge.
32. Gurhan-Canli, Z. and D. Maheswaran (2000). "Cultural variations in country of origin effects." Journal of Marketing Research 37(3): 309-317.
33. Hague, P. (1993). “Questionnaire design.” Kogan Page, London.
34. Han, C. M. and V. Terpstra (1988). "COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS FOR UNI-NATIONAL AND BI-NATIONAL PRODUCTS." Journal of International Business Studies 19(2): 235-255.
35. Han, C. M. (1989). "COUNTRY IMAGE - HALO OR SUMMARY CONSTRUCT." Journal of Marketing Research 26(2): 222-229.
36. Hayo, B. (1999). "Knowledge and attitude towards European Monetary Union." Journal of Policy Modeling 21(5): 641-651.
37. Heimbach, A. E., J. K. Johansson, et al. (1989). "PRODUCT FAMILIARITY, INFORMATION-PROCESSING, AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN CUES." Advances in Consumer Research 16: 460-467.
38. Heslop, L. and Papadopoulos, N. “But Who Knows Where and When. Reflections on the Images of Countries and Their Products” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.
39. Heslop, L. A., Lu, I. R. R., Cray, D. (2008). "Modeling country image effects through an international crisis." International Marketing Review 25(4): 354-378.
40. Hsieh, M. H. (2004). "An investigation of country-of-origin effect using correspondence analysis: a cross-national context." International Journal of Market Research 46(3): 267-295.
41. Ho, R. (2006). "Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis and interpretation with SPSS." CRC Press.
42. Insch, G. S. and J. B. McBride (2004). "The impact of country-of-origin cues on consumer perceptions of product quality: A binational test of the decomposed country-of-origin construct." Journal of Business Research 57(3): 256-265.
43. Johansson, J. K., Susan P. Douglas & Ikujiro Nonaka (1985). "Assessing the impact of country of origin on product evaluations:A new methodological perspective." Journal of Marketing Research 22(4): 388-396.
44. Johansson, J.K., “Missing a Strategic Opportunity: Managers’ Denial of Country-of-Origin Effects” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.
45. Johansson, J. K., Ronkainen, I. A., Czinkota, M. R. (1994). "NEGATIVE COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS - THE CASE OF THE NEW RUSSIA." Journal of International Business Studies 25(1): 157-176.
46. Josiassen, A., Harzing, A-W. (2008). "Descending from the ivory tower: reflections on the relevance and future of country-of-origin research." European Management Review 5(4): 264–70.
47. Josiassen, A., Lukas, B. A., Whitwell, G. J. (2008). "Country-of-origin contingencies Competing perspectives on product familiarity and product involvement." International Marketing Review 25(4): 423-440.
48. Josiassen, A., Karpen, I. (2007), “Examining the Role of Product Origin Familiarity in Influencing Consumers’ Product Perceptions”, Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC) Proceedings, 3-5 December, Dunedin, New Zealand
49. Klein, J. G., R. Ettenson, et al. (1998). "The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the People`s Republic of China." Journal of Marketing 62(1): 89-100.
50. Kline, P. (1994). "An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. " Routledge.
51. Knight G., S. R., Yaprak A. (2003). "Cross-national development and validation of an international business measurement scale: the COISCALE." International Business Review 12(5): 581–99.
52. Kolman, L., Noorderhaven, N., Hofstede, G., Dienes, E. (2003). "Cross-cultural differences in Central Europe." Journal of Managerial Psychology 18(1): 76-88.
53. Kotler, P. and D. Gertner (2002). "Country as Brand, Product, and Beyond: A Place Marketing and Brand Management Perspective." Journal of Brand Management 9(4/5).
54. Lee, D. and G. Ganesh (1999). "Effects of partitioned country image in the context of brand image and familiarity - A categorization theory perspective." International Marketing Review 16(1): 18-39.
55. Lee, J. K., Lee, W.N. (2009). "Country-of-Origin Effects on Consumer Product Evaluation and Purchase Intention: The Role of Objective Versus Subjective Knowledge." Journal of International Consumer Marketing 21: 137–151.
56. Leclerc, F., B. H. Schmitt, et al. (1994). "FOREIGN BRANDING AND ITS EFFECTS ON PRODUCT PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES." Journal of Marketing Research 31(2): 263-270.
57. Leech, N., Barrett, K., Morgan, G. (2005). "SPSS for Intermediate Statistics." Routledge.
58. Leonidou, L. C., J. Hadjimarcou, et al. (1999). "Bulgarian consumers` perceptions of products made in Asia Pacific." International Marketing Review 16(2-3): 126-142.
59. Leonidou, L. C., Palihawadana, D., Talias, M. A. (2007). "British consumers` evaluations of US versus Chinese goods - A multi-level and multi-cue comparison." European Journal of Marketing 41(7-8): 786-820.
60. Maheswaran, D. (1994). "COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN AS A STEREOTYPE - EFFECTS OF CONSUMER EXPERTISE AND ATTRIBUTE STRENGTH ON PRODUCT EVALUATIONS." Journal of Consumer Research 21(2): 354-365.
61. Martin, I.M. and Eroglu, S. (1993) "Measuring a multi-dimensional construct: country image", Journal of Business Research 28(3): 191–210.
62. Musil, P. (1993), “Czech and Slovak society”, Government and Opposition, Vol. 28, pp. 479-95.
63. Nagashima, A. (1977). "A comparative "made in" product image survey among japanese businessmen." Journal of Marketing 41(3): 95-100.
64. Nebenzahl, I. D., Jaffe, E.D. (1996). "Measuring joint effects of brand and country images on consumer evaluation of global products." International Marketing Review 13(4): 5-22.
65. Nebenzahl, I., Jaffe, ED, Usunier, JC (2003). "Personifying country of origin research." Management International Review 43(4): 383–406.
66. O’Shaughnessy, J. and N. J. O’Shaughnessy (2000). "Treating the Nation as a Brand: Some Neglected Issues " Journal of Macromarketing 20(1): 56-64.
67. Olins, W. (2002). "Branding the Nation -- The Historical Context." Journal of Brand Management 9(4/5): 241.
68. Ozretic-Dosen, D., V. Skare, et al. (2007). "Assessments of country of origin and brand cues in evaluating a Croatian, western and eastern European food product." Journal of Business Research 60(2): 130-136.
69. Papadopoulos, N. “What Product and Country Images Are and Are Not” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.
70. Pappu, R., Quester, P. G., Cooksey, R. W. (2006). "Consumer-based brand equity and country-of-origin relationships." European Journal of Marketing 40(5-6): 696-717.
71. Pappu, R., P. G. Quester, et al. (2007). "Country image and consumer-based brand equity: relationships and implications for international marketing." Journal of International Business Studies 38(5): 726-745.
72. Parameswaran, R. and A. Yaprak (1987). "A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF CONSUMER RESEARCH MEASURES." Journal of International Business Studies 18(1): 35-49.
73. Parameswaran, R. and R. M. Pisharodi (1994). "FACETS OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN IMAGE - AN EMPIRICAL-ASSESSMENT." Journal of Advertising 23(1): 43-56.
74. Park, C. W. and V. P. Lessig (1981). "FAMILIARITY AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSUMER DECISION BIASES AND HEURISTICS." Journal of Consumer Research 8(2): 223-230.
75. Passow, T., Fehlmann, R., Grahlow, H. (2005) “Country Reputation – From Measurement to Management: The Case of Lichtenstein.” Corporate Reputation Review 7(4): 309-326
76. Paswan, A. K., Sharma, D. (2004). "Brand-Country of Origin (COO) Knowledge and COO Image: Investigation in an Emerging Franchise Market." Journal of Product & Brand Management 13(3): 144–55.
77. Pereira, A., C. C. Hsu, et al. (2005). "Country-of-origin image: measurement and cross-national testing." Journal of Business Research 58(1): 103-106.
78. Perse, E. (2001). "Media Effects and Society." Routledge, 2001.
79. Peterson, R. A. and A. J. P. Jolibert (1995). "A meta-analysis of country-of-origin effects." Journal of International Business Studies 26(4): 883-900.
80. Phau, I., Prendergast, G. (2000). "Conceptualizing the country of origin of brand." Journal of Marketing Communications 6(3): 159-170.
81. Phau, I., Suntornnond, V. (2006). "Dimensions of consumer knowledge and its impacts on country of origin effects among Australian consumers: a case of fast-consuming product." Journal of Consumer Marketing 23(1): 34-42.
82. Raju, P., Lonial, S., Mangold, W. (1995). "Differential Effects of Subjective Knowledge, Objective Knowledge and Usage Experience on Decision Making." Journal of Consumer Psychology 4(2): 153-180
83. Rojsek, I. (2001). "A comparison of the purchasing and consumption behaviour of Slovenian and other Eastern European consumers." International Marketing Review 18(5): 509-520.
84. Roth, K. P. and A. Diamantopoulos (2009). "Advancing the country image construct." Journal of Business Research 62(7): 726-740.
85. Roth, M. S. and J. B. Romeo (1992). "MATCHING PRODUCT CATEGORY AND COUNTRY IMAGE PERCEPTIONS - A FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS." Journal of International Business Studies 23(3): 477-497.
86. Samiee, S. (1994). "CUSTOMER EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS IN A GLOBAL MARKET." Journal of International Business Studies 25(3): 579-604.
87. Samiee, S., Shimp, T. A., Sharma, S. (2005). "Brand origin recognition accuracy: its antecedents and consumers` cognitive limitations." Journal of International Business Studies 36(4): 379-397.
88. Samiee, S. (2010). "Advancing the country image construct - A commentary essay." Journal of Business Research 63(4): 442-445.
89. Schaefer, A. (1997). "Consumer knowledge and country of origin effects." European Journal of Marketing 31(1): 56-72.
90. Schooler, R. D. (1965). "PRODUCT BIAS IN THE CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON-MARKET." Journal of Marketing Research 2(4): 394-397.
91. Schooler, R.D. and Wildt, A.R. (1968), “Elasticity of product bias,” Journal of Marketing Research, 5(1), pp. 78-81.
92. Shih, S. (2002), Growing Global: A Corporate Vision Masterclass. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.
93. Skinner, H., Kubacki, K., Moss, G., Chelly, D. (2008). "International marketing in an enlarged European Union: Some insights into cultural heterogeneity in Central Europe." Journal for East European Management Studies 13(3): 193-215.
94. Thakor, M. V., Lavack, A.M. (2003). "Effect of perceived brand origin associations on consumer perceptions of quality." Journal of Product and Brand Management 12(6): 394-407.
95. Thomas, R. M. (2003). "Blending qualitative & quantitative research methods in theses and dissertations." Corwin press.
96. Usunier, J. C. (2006). "Relevance in business research: the case of country-of-origin research in marketing." European Management Review 3(1): 60-73.
97. Usunier, J. C. and G. Cestre (2007). "Product ethnicity: Revisiting the match between products and countries." Journal of International Marketing 15(3): 32-72.
98. van Ittersum, K., M. Candel, et al. (2003). "The influence of the image of a product`s region of origin on product evaluation." Journal of Business Research 56(3): 215-226.
99. Verlegh, P. W. J. and J. Steenkamp (1999). "A review and meta-analysis of country-of-origin research." Journal of Economic Psychology 20(5): 521-546.
100. Verlegh, P. W. J., Steenkamp, Jbem, Meulenberg, M. T. G. (2005). "Country-of-origin effects in consumer processing of advertising claims." International Journal of Research in Marketing 22(2): 127-139.
101. Wang, C. and Lamb, C. (1983), "The impact of selected environmental forces upon consumers’ willingness to buy foreign products,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 71-84.
102. Yang, S. U., Shin, H., Lee, J. H., Wrigley, B. (2008). "Country Reputation in Multidimensions: Predictors, Effects, and Communication Channels." Journal of Public Relations Research 20(4): 421-440.
103. Yavas, U. and Alpay, G. (1986), “Does an exporting nation enjoy the same cross-national commercial image?” International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 2, pp. 109-19.
104. Zajonc, R. B. (1968). "ATTITUDINAL EFFECTS OF MERE EXPOSURE." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9(2P2): 1-&.
105. Zeng, M., Williamson, P. (2003). "The Hidden Dragons. " Harvard Business Review.
106. Zhang, Y. (1996). "Chinese consumers’ evaluation of foreign products: the influence of culture, product types and product presentation format." European Journal of Marketing 30(12): 50-68.
107. Zhuang, G. J., X. H. Wang, et al. (2008). "Asymmetric effects of brand origin confusion Evidence from the emerging market of China." International Marketing Review 25(4): 441-457.
Internet references:
108. Anholt-GfK Roper Nation Brands Index 2008 Global Report for Media Reference. Retrieved from: http://www.simonanholt.com/Publications/publications-other-articles.aspx on [2009-12-14].
109. Branding Taiwan. Retrieved from: http://www.taiwaninnovalue.com/ on [2009-12-02].
110. Businessweek (2009). “100 Best Global Brands.” Retrieved from: http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/best_global_brands_2009/ on [2009-12-02].
111. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ on [2010-06-11]
112. Taiwan Tourism Board. Retrieved from: http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=73&relno=73#2008 on [2010-05-21]
113. The China Post. (2008-01-20). KMT presidential candidate aims at hosting Olympics. Retrieved from: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/sports/olympics/2008/01/20/139762/KMT-presidential.htm on [2009-12-02].
114. The China Post. (2004-08-22). Taiwan launches advertising campaign in U.N. entry push. Retrieved from: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/print/51741.htm on [2009-11-29].
115. Han, C.M (1994). "ASSESSING THE ROLES OF COGNITIONS, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, CONSUMER PATRIOTISM, AND FAMILIARITY IN CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARD FOREIGN BRANDS", in Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1, eds. Joseph A. Cote and Siew Meng Leong, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 103-108. Retrieved from http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=11188 on [2010-01-27]
116. Interbrand (2009). “Made in China 2008: The Challenge for Chinese Brands Going Global.” Retrieved from: http://www.interbrand.com/images/studies/Made_in_China_2008.pdf on [2009-12-30].
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)
97461011
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097461011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 郭貞zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Kuo, Chengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊伯瑞zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Borek Janeceken_US
dc.creator (作者) 楊伯瑞zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Borek Janeceken_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Dec-2010 12:32:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Dec-2010 12:32:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Dec-2010 12:32:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097461011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49489-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97461011zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the globalized economy of today, countries compete among each other for tourists, investors or shares in export markets. In order to achieve their goals, they must carefully build and maintain their reputations internationally, much like commercial brands do. This study evaluates the country image of Taiwan in the Czech Republic, and its effect on perception of Made-in-Taiwan products by Czech consumers. For comparative purposes, images and product perceptions of Japan and China are also included in the study. Extra focus is also placed on the impact of consumers’ knowledge of the country on their perception of country image and country products. The data was gathered through an online survey (252 respondents) and the research reveals several important findings.
First, the country and product perceptions of Taiwan in the Czech Republic are on average slightly positive to positive, dismissing the negative assessment of the Made-in-Taiwan product label. Second, the knowledge of the Czech people about Taiwan is extremely limited. Third, perception of Taiwan’s country image shows a strong positive correlation with consumers’ subjective and objective knowledge of Taiwan. Fourth, the stereotypical positive image of Japanese products and negative image of Chinese products is confirmed here.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents
1. Country and Product Images of Taiwan in the Czech Republic 1
1.1. Motivation 2
1.2. Research Objectives 3
1.3. Research Questions 4
1.4. Originality, Contribution 5
2. Literature Review 7
2.1. Country of Origin Research 7
2.2. Country of Origin Definitions 8
2.3. Country Image Definitions 8
2.4. The Importance of Country Images 9
2.4.1. The Country Image – Country of Origin Relationship 11
2.5. Country Familiarity 13
2.6. Variables Influencing the Product Perception 15
2.6.1. Product Category, Product Characteristics, Product Involvement 15
2.6.2. Product-Category Expertise 16
2.6.3. Experience with Country Products 18
2.6.4. Consumer-Specific Variables 19
2.6.5. Economic Development of COO 20
2.6.6. Country of Evaluation – Nationality of the Consumer 20
2.6.7. Product Brands 23
2.7. Design of COO studies 24
2.8. Limitations of COO studies 26
2.8.1. Country of Origin Identification, Hybrid Products 27
2.9. Country Image Research in Asia 28
2.9.1. Taiwan Image Studies - Review 29
2.9.2. The Perception of Taiwan as a Country of Product Origin 32
2.9.4. Taiwanese Government Image Building Campaigns 34
2.9.5. The Image of Japan as a Country of Product Origin 36
2.9.6. The Image of China as a Country of Product Origin 37
2.10. Consumer Attitudes and Cultural Considerations in the Czech Republic 39
2.11. Sources of Country Information 40
2.11.1. The Effects of Information from Different Sources on Opinion Formation 40
2.11.2. Media Coverage of Countries 41
3. Research Model 44
3.1. Research Hypotheses 44
3.2. Variables Not Included in the Research 50
4. Research Design 52
4.1. Measurement of Research Variables 52
4.2. Data Collection 54
4.3. Measurement Reliability Test 55
5. Data Analysis 57
5.1. Data Analysis Procedure 58
5.2. Hypothesis Testing 59
5.2.1. Hypothesis 1 59
5.2.2. Hypothesis 2 61
5.2.4. Hypothesis 4a & 5 66
5.2.5. Hypothesis 4b, 6 and 7 70
5.3. Sources of Country Information 74
6. Discussion 78
6.1. Taiwan Country Image 78
6.2. Made-in-Taiwan Product Label 80
6.3. Country Knowledge 81
6.4. Country of Origin Research 83
6.5. Limitations 85
6.6. Future Research 87
References: 89
Appendix I.: Questionnaire (English Version) 97
Appendix II.: Questionnaire (Czech Version) 103
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1579913 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097461011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家形象zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 來源國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國家熟悉度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產品知識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 消費行為zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Country imageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) country of originen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) country familiarityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) product knowledgeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) consumer behavioren_US
dc.title (題名) 捷克民眾眼中的台灣國家形象與產品形象:國家與產品熟悉度之角色zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Country and product images of Taiwan among the Czech people: the role of country and product familiarityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Agrawal, J. and W. A. Kamakura (1999). "Country of origin: A competitive advantage?" International Journal of Research in Marketing 16(4): 255-267.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Ahmed, S. A., A. d`Astous, Eljabri, J. (2002). "The impact of technological complexity on consumers perceptions of products made in highly and newly industrialised countries." International Marketing Review 19(4-5): 387-407.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Ahmed, S. A., d`Astous, A. (2008). "Antecedents, moderators and dimensions of country-of-origin evaluations." International Marketing Review 25(1): 75-106.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Ahmed, Z. U., Johnson, J. P., Yang, X., Fatt, C. K., Teng, H. S., Boon, L. C. (2004). "Does country of origin matter for low-involvement products?" International Marketing Review 21(1): 102-120.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Al-Sulaiti, K. I., Baker M.J. (1998). "Country of origin effects: a literature review." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 16(3): 150 - 199.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Alreck, P.L., Settle R.B. (1995). "The Survey Research Handbook (2nd ed.)" Irwin/McGraw-Hillzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Amine, L. S., Chao, M. C. H., Arnold, M. J. (2005). "Executive insights: Exploring the practical effects of country of origin, animosity, and price-quality issues: Two case studies of Taiwan and Acer in China." Journal of International Marketing 13(2): 114-150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Amine, L. S. (2008). "Country-of-origin, animosity and consumer response: Marketing implications of anti-Americanism and Francophobia." International Business Review 17(4): 402-422.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Anholt, S. (2009). "Branding Places and Nations", in R. Clifton (ed.): Brands and Branding. (pp. 206-216) Bloomberg Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Bailey, K.S. (1994). "Methods of Social Research", The Free Press, New York, N.Y.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Balabanis, G., Mueller, R., Melewar, T. C. (2002). "The human values` lenses of country of origin images." International Marketing Review 19(6): 582-610.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Balabanis, G. and A. Diamantopoulos (2008). "Brand origin identification by consumers: A classification perspective." Journal of International Marketing 16(1): 39-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Baughn, C.C. and Yaprak, A. “Mapping Country-of-Origin Research: Recent Developments and Emerging Avenues” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Bennett, W. Lance (1988): News: The Politics of Illusion, 2nd ed., New York: Longman Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Berger, S., Lester, K. (2005). “Global Taiwan: Building Competitive Strengths In A New International Economy.” Sharpe.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Bilkey, W. J. and E. Nes (1982). "COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECTS ON PRODUCT EVALUATIONS." Journal of International Business Studies 13(1): 89-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Bloemer, J., K. Brijs, et al. (2009). "The CoO-ELM model A theoretical framework for the cognitive processes underlying country of origin-effects." European Journal of Marketing 43(1-2): 62-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Brucks, M. (1985). "THE EFFECTS OF PRODUCT CLASS KNOWLEDGE ON INFORMATION SEARCH BEHAVIOR." Journal of Consumer Research 12(1): 1-16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Cai, P. J., Ting, L. P., Pang, A. (2009). "Managing a nation`s image during crisis: A study of the Chinese government`s image repair efforts in the "Made in China" controversy." Public Relations Review 35(3): 213-218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Chafee, S. H. The interpersonal context of mass communication. In F.G. Kline and P.J. Tichenor (Ed.) (1972), Currect perspectives in mass communication research. Beverly Hills: Sagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Chao, P. (1993). "PARTITIONING COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS - CONSUMER EVALUATIONS OF A HYBRID PRODUCT." Journal of International Business Studies 24(2): 291-306.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Chao, P., S. Samiee, et al. (2003). "International marketing and the Asia-Pacific Region - Developments, opportunities, and research issues." International Marketing Review 20(5): 480-492.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Chattalas, M., T. Kramer, et al. (2008). "The impact of national stereotypes on the country of origin effect - A conceptual framework." International Marketing Review 25(1): 54-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Chen, P. (2008). "The substitution among the exports of Taiwan, China, and other countries to the United States." Asian Economic Papers 7(2): 1-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Day, G.S. (1970). “Buyer Attitudes and Brand Choice Behavior”. New York: Free Presszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Dinnie, K. (2007). Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. Butterworth Heineman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Dmitrovic, T., I. Vida, et al. (2009). "Purchase behavior in favor of domestic products in the West Balkans." International Business Review 18(5): 523-535.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Essoussi, L. H. and D. Merunka (2007). "Consumers` product evaluations in emerging markets - Does country of design, country of manufacture, or brand image matter?" International Marketing Review 24(4): 409-426.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. Flynn, L. R. and R. E. Goldsmith (1999). "A short, reliable measure of subjective knowledge." Journal of Business Research 46(1): 57-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Fong, J. and S. Burton (2008). "A cross-cultural comparison of electronic word-of-mouth and country-of-origin effects." Journal of Business Research 61(3): 233-242.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31. Gliner J.A. and Morgan G.A. (2000). "Research methods in applied settings: an integrated approach to design and analysis." Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32. Gurhan-Canli, Z. and D. Maheswaran (2000). "Cultural variations in country of origin effects." Journal of Marketing Research 37(3): 309-317.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33. Hague, P. (1993). “Questionnaire design.” Kogan Page, London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34. Han, C. M. and V. Terpstra (1988). "COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS FOR UNI-NATIONAL AND BI-NATIONAL PRODUCTS." Journal of International Business Studies 19(2): 235-255.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35. Han, C. M. (1989). "COUNTRY IMAGE - HALO OR SUMMARY CONSTRUCT." Journal of Marketing Research 26(2): 222-229.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36. Hayo, B. (1999). "Knowledge and attitude towards European Monetary Union." Journal of Policy Modeling 21(5): 641-651.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37. Heimbach, A. E., J. K. Johansson, et al. (1989). "PRODUCT FAMILIARITY, INFORMATION-PROCESSING, AND COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN CUES." Advances in Consumer Research 16: 460-467.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38. Heslop, L. and Papadopoulos, N. “But Who Knows Where and When. Reflections on the Images of Countries and Their Products” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39. Heslop, L. A., Lu, I. R. R., Cray, D. (2008). "Modeling country image effects through an international crisis." International Marketing Review 25(4): 354-378.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40. Hsieh, M. H. (2004). "An investigation of country-of-origin effect using correspondence analysis: a cross-national context." International Journal of Market Research 46(3): 267-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41. Ho, R. (2006). "Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis and interpretation with SPSS." CRC Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 42. Insch, G. S. and J. B. McBride (2004). "The impact of country-of-origin cues on consumer perceptions of product quality: A binational test of the decomposed country-of-origin construct." Journal of Business Research 57(3): 256-265.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 43. Johansson, J. K., Susan P. Douglas & Ikujiro Nonaka (1985). "Assessing the impact of country of origin on product evaluations:A new methodological perspective." Journal of Marketing Research 22(4): 388-396.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 44. Johansson, J.K., “Missing a Strategic Opportunity: Managers’ Denial of Country-of-Origin Effects” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 45. Johansson, J. K., Ronkainen, I. A., Czinkota, M. R. (1994). "NEGATIVE COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS - THE CASE OF THE NEW RUSSIA." Journal of International Business Studies 25(1): 157-176.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 46. Josiassen, A., Harzing, A-W. (2008). "Descending from the ivory tower: reflections on the relevance and future of country-of-origin research." European Management Review 5(4): 264–70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 47. Josiassen, A., Lukas, B. A., Whitwell, G. J. (2008). "Country-of-origin contingencies Competing perspectives on product familiarity and product involvement." International Marketing Review 25(4): 423-440.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 48. Josiassen, A., Karpen, I. (2007), “Examining the Role of Product Origin Familiarity in Influencing Consumers’ Product Perceptions”, Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC) Proceedings, 3-5 December, Dunedin, New Zealandzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 49. Klein, J. G., R. Ettenson, et al. (1998). "The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the People`s Republic of China." Journal of Marketing 62(1): 89-100.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 50. Kline, P. (1994). "An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. " Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 51. Knight G., S. R., Yaprak A. (2003). "Cross-national development and validation of an international business measurement scale: the COISCALE." International Business Review 12(5): 581–99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 52. Kolman, L., Noorderhaven, N., Hofstede, G., Dienes, E. (2003). "Cross-cultural differences in Central Europe." Journal of Managerial Psychology 18(1): 76-88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 53. Kotler, P. and D. Gertner (2002). "Country as Brand, Product, and Beyond: A Place Marketing and Brand Management Perspective." Journal of Brand Management 9(4/5).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 54. Lee, D. and G. Ganesh (1999). "Effects of partitioned country image in the context of brand image and familiarity - A categorization theory perspective." International Marketing Review 16(1): 18-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 55. Lee, J. K., Lee, W.N. (2009). "Country-of-Origin Effects on Consumer Product Evaluation and Purchase Intention: The Role of Objective Versus Subjective Knowledge." Journal of International Consumer Marketing 21: 137–151.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 56. Leclerc, F., B. H. Schmitt, et al. (1994). "FOREIGN BRANDING AND ITS EFFECTS ON PRODUCT PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES." Journal of Marketing Research 31(2): 263-270.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 57. Leech, N., Barrett, K., Morgan, G. (2005). "SPSS for Intermediate Statistics." Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 58. Leonidou, L. C., J. Hadjimarcou, et al. (1999). "Bulgarian consumers` perceptions of products made in Asia Pacific." International Marketing Review 16(2-3): 126-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 59. Leonidou, L. C., Palihawadana, D., Talias, M. A. (2007). "British consumers` evaluations of US versus Chinese goods - A multi-level and multi-cue comparison." European Journal of Marketing 41(7-8): 786-820.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 60. Maheswaran, D. (1994). "COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN AS A STEREOTYPE - EFFECTS OF CONSUMER EXPERTISE AND ATTRIBUTE STRENGTH ON PRODUCT EVALUATIONS." Journal of Consumer Research 21(2): 354-365.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 61. Martin, I.M. and Eroglu, S. (1993) "Measuring a multi-dimensional construct: country image", Journal of Business Research 28(3): 191–210.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 62. Musil, P. (1993), “Czech and Slovak society”, Government and Opposition, Vol. 28, pp. 479-95.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 63. Nagashima, A. (1977). "A comparative "made in" product image survey among japanese businessmen." Journal of Marketing 41(3): 95-100.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 64. Nebenzahl, I. D., Jaffe, E.D. (1996). "Measuring joint effects of brand and country images on consumer evaluation of global products." International Marketing Review 13(4): 5-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 65. Nebenzahl, I., Jaffe, ED, Usunier, JC (2003). "Personifying country of origin research." Management International Review 43(4): 383–406.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 66. O’Shaughnessy, J. and N. J. O’Shaughnessy (2000). "Treating the Nation as a Brand: Some Neglected Issues " Journal of Macromarketing 20(1): 56-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 67. Olins, W. (2002). "Branding the Nation -- The Historical Context." Journal of Brand Management 9(4/5): 241.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 68. Ozretic-Dosen, D., V. Skare, et al. (2007). "Assessments of country of origin and brand cues in evaluating a Croatian, western and eastern European food product." Journal of Business Research 60(2): 130-136.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 69. Papadopoulos, N. “What Product and Country Images Are and Are Not” in Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993). “Product-Country Images. Impact and Role in International Marketing”. Binghamton, NY: International Business Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 70. Pappu, R., Quester, P. G., Cooksey, R. W. (2006). "Consumer-based brand equity and country-of-origin relationships." European Journal of Marketing 40(5-6): 696-717.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 71. Pappu, R., P. G. Quester, et al. (2007). "Country image and consumer-based brand equity: relationships and implications for international marketing." Journal of International Business Studies 38(5): 726-745.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 72. Parameswaran, R. and A. Yaprak (1987). "A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF CONSUMER RESEARCH MEASURES." Journal of International Business Studies 18(1): 35-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 73. Parameswaran, R. and R. M. Pisharodi (1994). "FACETS OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN IMAGE - AN EMPIRICAL-ASSESSMENT." Journal of Advertising 23(1): 43-56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 74. Park, C. W. and V. P. Lessig (1981). "FAMILIARITY AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSUMER DECISION BIASES AND HEURISTICS." Journal of Consumer Research 8(2): 223-230.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 75. Passow, T., Fehlmann, R., Grahlow, H. (2005) “Country Reputation – From Measurement to Management: The Case of Lichtenstein.” Corporate Reputation Review 7(4): 309-326zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 76. Paswan, A. K., Sharma, D. (2004). "Brand-Country of Origin (COO) Knowledge and COO Image: Investigation in an Emerging Franchise Market." Journal of Product & Brand Management 13(3): 144–55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 77. Pereira, A., C. C. Hsu, et al. (2005). "Country-of-origin image: measurement and cross-national testing." Journal of Business Research 58(1): 103-106.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 78. Perse, E. (2001). "Media Effects and Society." Routledge, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 79. Peterson, R. A. and A. J. P. Jolibert (1995). "A meta-analysis of country-of-origin effects." Journal of International Business Studies 26(4): 883-900.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 80. Phau, I., Prendergast, G. (2000). "Conceptualizing the country of origin of brand." Journal of Marketing Communications 6(3): 159-170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 81. Phau, I., Suntornnond, V. (2006). "Dimensions of consumer knowledge and its impacts on country of origin effects among Australian consumers: a case of fast-consuming product." Journal of Consumer Marketing 23(1): 34-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 82. Raju, P., Lonial, S., Mangold, W. (1995). "Differential Effects of Subjective Knowledge, Objective Knowledge and Usage Experience on Decision Making." Journal of Consumer Psychology 4(2): 153-180zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 83. Rojsek, I. (2001). "A comparison of the purchasing and consumption behaviour of Slovenian and other Eastern European consumers." International Marketing Review 18(5): 509-520.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 84. Roth, K. P. and A. Diamantopoulos (2009). "Advancing the country image construct." Journal of Business Research 62(7): 726-740.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 85. Roth, M. S. and J. B. Romeo (1992). "MATCHING PRODUCT CATEGORY AND COUNTRY IMAGE PERCEPTIONS - A FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS." Journal of International Business Studies 23(3): 477-497.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 86. Samiee, S. (1994). "CUSTOMER EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS IN A GLOBAL MARKET." Journal of International Business Studies 25(3): 579-604.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 87. Samiee, S., Shimp, T. A., Sharma, S. (2005). "Brand origin recognition accuracy: its antecedents and consumers` cognitive limitations." Journal of International Business Studies 36(4): 379-397.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 88. Samiee, S. (2010). "Advancing the country image construct - A commentary essay." Journal of Business Research 63(4): 442-445.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 89. Schaefer, A. (1997). "Consumer knowledge and country of origin effects." European Journal of Marketing 31(1): 56-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 90. Schooler, R. D. (1965). "PRODUCT BIAS IN THE CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON-MARKET." Journal of Marketing Research 2(4): 394-397.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 91. Schooler, R.D. and Wildt, A.R. (1968), “Elasticity of product bias,” Journal of Marketing Research, 5(1), pp. 78-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 92. Shih, S. (2002), Growing Global: A Corporate Vision Masterclass. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 93. Skinner, H., Kubacki, K., Moss, G., Chelly, D. (2008). "International marketing in an enlarged European Union: Some insights into cultural heterogeneity in Central Europe." Journal for East European Management Studies 13(3): 193-215.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 94. Thakor, M. V., Lavack, A.M. (2003). "Effect of perceived brand origin associations on consumer perceptions of quality." Journal of Product and Brand Management 12(6): 394-407.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 95. Thomas, R. M. (2003). "Blending qualitative & quantitative research methods in theses and dissertations." Corwin press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 96. Usunier, J. C. (2006). "Relevance in business research: the case of country-of-origin research in marketing." European Management Review 3(1): 60-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 97. Usunier, J. C. and G. Cestre (2007). "Product ethnicity: Revisiting the match between products and countries." Journal of International Marketing 15(3): 32-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 98. van Ittersum, K., M. Candel, et al. (2003). "The influence of the image of a product`s region of origin on product evaluation." Journal of Business Research 56(3): 215-226.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 99. Verlegh, P. W. J. and J. Steenkamp (1999). "A review and meta-analysis of country-of-origin research." Journal of Economic Psychology 20(5): 521-546.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 100. Verlegh, P. W. J., Steenkamp, Jbem, Meulenberg, M. T. G. (2005). "Country-of-origin effects in consumer processing of advertising claims." International Journal of Research in Marketing 22(2): 127-139.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 101. Wang, C. and Lamb, C. (1983), "The impact of selected environmental forces upon consumers’ willingness to buy foreign products,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 71-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 102. Yang, S. U., Shin, H., Lee, J. H., Wrigley, B. (2008). "Country Reputation in Multidimensions: Predictors, Effects, and Communication Channels." Journal of Public Relations Research 20(4): 421-440.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 103. Yavas, U. and Alpay, G. (1986), “Does an exporting nation enjoy the same cross-national commercial image?” International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 2, pp. 109-19.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 104. Zajonc, R. B. (1968). "ATTITUDINAL EFFECTS OF MERE EXPOSURE." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9(2P2): 1-&.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 105. Zeng, M., Williamson, P. (2003). "The Hidden Dragons. " Harvard Business Review.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 106. Zhang, Y. (1996). "Chinese consumers’ evaluation of foreign products: the influence of culture, product types and product presentation format." European Journal of Marketing 30(12): 50-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 107. Zhuang, G. J., X. H. Wang, et al. (2008). "Asymmetric effects of brand origin confusion Evidence from the emerging market of China." International Marketing Review 25(4): 441-457.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Internet references:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 108. Anholt-GfK Roper Nation Brands Index 2008 Global Report for Media Reference. Retrieved from: http://www.simonanholt.com/Publications/publications-other-articles.aspx on [2009-12-14].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 109. Branding Taiwan. Retrieved from: http://www.taiwaninnovalue.com/ on [2009-12-02].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 110. Businessweek (2009). “100 Best Global Brands.” Retrieved from: http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/best_global_brands_2009/ on [2009-12-02].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 111. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ on [2010-06-11]zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 112. Taiwan Tourism Board. Retrieved from: http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=73&relno=73#2008 on [2010-05-21]zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 113. The China Post. (2008-01-20). KMT presidential candidate aims at hosting Olympics. Retrieved from: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/sports/olympics/2008/01/20/139762/KMT-presidential.htm on [2009-12-02].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 114. The China Post. (2004-08-22). Taiwan launches advertising campaign in U.N. entry push. Retrieved from: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/print/51741.htm on [2009-11-29].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 115. Han, C.M (1994). "ASSESSING THE ROLES OF COGNITIONS, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, CONSUMER PATRIOTISM, AND FAMILIARITY IN CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARD FOREIGN BRANDS", in Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1, eds. Joseph A. Cote and Siew Meng Leong, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 103-108. Retrieved from http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=11188 on [2010-01-27]zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 116. Interbrand (2009). “Made in China 2008: The Challenge for Chinese Brands Going Global.” Retrieved from: http://www.interbrand.com/images/studies/Made_in_China_2008.pdf on [2009-12-30].zh_TW