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題名 運用知識模組化與再用發展平台經濟性創新理論之研究-以軟體元件與矽智財為例
Economies of platform innovation theory through knowledge modularization and reuse: The cases of software components and silicon intellectual properties(SIPs).
作者 吳明機
Wu, Ming Ji
貢獻者 李仁芳
Lee, Jen Fang
吳明機
Wu, Ming Ji
關鍵詞 知識模組化
模組再用
平台經濟性創新理論
軟體產業
半導體設計業
動態核心能力
紮根理論
knowledge modularization
module reuse
economies of platform innovation theory
software industry
IC design industry
dynamic core capabilities
Grounded Theory
日期 2007
上傳時間 8-Dec-2010 14:17:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文主要在探索作為產業組織核心之「公司」，將其知識以公開或特定之標準或程序加以模組化(modularization)後，進行公司內部與外部以產品開發為主之知識分工(division of knowledge)與再用(reuse)活動，因而衍生的組織與管理問題，以及公司間知識移轉與學習問題。並希望藉由產業實證，發展以「知識模組化與再用」為基礎之技術創新理論。
研究過程採取紮根理論，針對了軟體產業四家公司與半導體設計業四家公司，分別就其採取軟體元件與矽智財之模組化創新現象進行深入訪談研究，進行編碼過程，將觀念類別抽象化為「績效與競爭力」、「研發知識模組技術力」、「知識模組再用力」、「知識模組平台演進力」、「組織政策與文化」、「產業基礎模組主導者之引導力」、「市場異質性」、「知識模組交易/交換成熟度」及「產業中介組織推動力」等九項。
根據實證發現，知識模組創新公司企業常規為(1)採取知識模組再用平台為核心之產品/服務創新模式；(2)以平台為考量之組織構型設計；(3)建立四項公司內部重要能力—包括研發知識模組技術力、知識模組再用力、知識模組再用平台演進力、及組織政策與文化。至於影響產業知識模組交換/交易之因素，則為(1)開放之平台知識模組來源；(2)營造利於知識模組再用之供需脈絡；(3)妥善運用產業網絡。
有關理論之建構，本研究選擇「平台經濟性」作為核心類別，並以「知識模組動態組合價值性」作為演化準則，經由主軸編碼與選擇編碼等程序，發展出九項命題，藉以建構「平台經濟性創新(economies of platforms innovation)」理論。根據該理論，本研究指出知識模組創新公司，可依據能力審視、能力構築、能力持續等三階段，建構其動態核心能力。
本研究最後針對產業與政府等實務界，提出綜合性建議如下：
一、對產業界之建議
應注意與學習辨識所處產業是否正進入後產業化階段之分合(dis-integration)過程所產生之知識分工趨勢，並參考本研究所提出之「平台經濟性創新理論」，研擬以「平台經濟性」為基礎之知識模組化創新策略。同時，應積極運用知識模組供需脈絡與產業網絡之力量。
二、對政府產業政策之建議
針對協助個別企業提升內部能力方面，可加強輔導企業發展以知識模組再用平台為基礎之研發計畫，並且建立標竿案例與最佳實務，以提供企業導入「平台經濟性創新策略」之參考。同時，針對有主導潛力之知識模組創新企業，協助其深化發展產業主流平台。
此外，與國際相較，台灣知識型企業之規模仍屬偏小，政府輔導機制可加強推動國際級產業基礎模組主導者與國內業者結盟、輔導建立夥伴廠商體系(e.g.旗艦計畫)、輔導建立知識模組交易/交換機制、協助釐清知識模組之智慧財產權爭議、以及積極參與國際標準制訂，並快速擴散相關資訊與技術供產業參考等。
Knowledge modularization is a popular phenomenon in knowledge-based industries. This study explores issues related to companies, which use open or specific stan-dards/procedures to encapsulate their knowledge into modules, and then use such mod-ules to pursue internal and/or external division of knowledge and knowledge reuse activi-ties, for the purpose of developing products. The said issues include the organization and management issues, as well as knowledge transfer and learning. Through the process of empirical field investigations this study aims to develop a new technological innovation theory, which is based on knowledge modularization and reuse.
This study adopted the Grounded Theory, together with case studies, as the main methodology to guide the research process. Eight companies were selected as case stud-ies, which included four companies from the software industry and four design houses from the semiconductor industry. We interviewed these companies to discuss in-depth modularization innovation concerning software components in software industry and silicon intellectual properties (SIPs) in the semiconductor industry. The collected data is differentiated into nine conceptual categories, which are the (1) performance and com-petitiveness, (2) technology capabilities for developing knowledge modules, (3) capabili-ties for reusing knowledge modules, (4) evolution of knowledge module platforms, (5) organization policy and culture, (6) leadership in terms of basic industry modules, (7) market heterogeneity, (8) maturity of knowledge module transactions/exchanges, and (9) promotion of intermediary industry organizations.
According to the study`s findings, knowledge module innovation companies usually adopt the following procedures : (1) use knowledge module reuse platforms as the core of product/service innovation models; (2) organization structure design based on platforms; establish four internal capabilities, including (i) enhance the technology capabilities for developing knowledge module, (ii) reusing knowledge modules, (iii) speed up the evolution of knowledge module reuse platforms, (5) establish organization policy and culture. As for factors impacting industry knowledge module exchanges/transactions, these include 1) knowledge module sources for open platforms, 2) create supply and demand beneficial to knowledge module reuse, 3) making good use of industry networks.
Regarding the formation of a theory, the “economies of platforms” are used as the core category, and develop the “dynamic combination value of knowledge modules” as a criterion of evolution. Through axial and selective coding, nine propositions are devel-oped to support and construct the theory of "economies of platform innovation". Accord-ing to this theory, the study finds that knowledge module innovation companies can build their dynamic core capabilities through three phases, including capabilities positioning, building up capabilities, and sustaining capabilities.
The study also proposes several suggestions for the industry and government:
1. Suggestions for the industry:
Companies should closely watch and learn to recognize whether the structure of the industry in which they operate is entering a dis-integration process leading to division of knowledge. If so, the companies can refer to the theory of "economies of platform in-novation", to take action on knowledge module innovation strategies based on the economies of platforms. Meanwhile, they should utilize the power of the sup-ply-demand of knowledge modules and industrial networks.
2. Suggestions for the government`s industry policies:
For the purpose of helping individual firms raise their capabilities, the government could improve R&D assistance programs focused on the establishment of knowledge module reuse platforms. The government can also establish benchmarks or best practice cases as references for companies who would like to adopt innovation strategies for economies of platforms. Furthermore, knowledge module innovation companies with the potential to become industry leaders can be further assisted in developing mainstream industry platforms.
Besides, compared with international companies, the scale of knowledge-based companies in Taiwan is small. Therefore, the government can strengthen its efforts in promoting alliances between international industry leaders and Taiwanese companies, help Taiwanese companies to establish strategic partner networks, assist companies in establishing transaction/exchange mechanism for knowledge modules, clarify issues re-lated to intellectual properties of knowledge modules, participate in international stan-dards bodies, and provide up-to-date and relevant market and technology information.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
88359501
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0883595011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李仁芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Jen Fangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳明機zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Ming Jien_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳明機zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Ming Jien_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 8-Dec-2010 14:17:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 8-Dec-2010 14:17:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 8-Dec-2010 14:17:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0883595011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49581-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88359501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文主要在探索作為產業組織核心之「公司」，將其知識以公開或特定之標準或程序加以模組化(modularization)後，進行公司內部與外部以產品開發為主之知識分工(division of knowledge)與再用(reuse)活動，因而衍生的組織與管理問題，以及公司間知識移轉與學習問題。並希望藉由產業實證，發展以「知識模組化與再用」為基礎之技術創新理論。
研究過程採取紮根理論，針對了軟體產業四家公司與半導體設計業四家公司，分別就其採取軟體元件與矽智財之模組化創新現象進行深入訪談研究，進行編碼過程，將觀念類別抽象化為「績效與競爭力」、「研發知識模組技術力」、「知識模組再用力」、「知識模組平台演進力」、「組織政策與文化」、「產業基礎模組主導者之引導力」、「市場異質性」、「知識模組交易/交換成熟度」及「產業中介組織推動力」等九項。
根據實證發現，知識模組創新公司企業常規為(1)採取知識模組再用平台為核心之產品/服務創新模式；(2)以平台為考量之組織構型設計；(3)建立四項公司內部重要能力—包括研發知識模組技術力、知識模組再用力、知識模組再用平台演進力、及組織政策與文化。至於影響產業知識模組交換/交易之因素，則為(1)開放之平台知識模組來源；(2)營造利於知識模組再用之供需脈絡；(3)妥善運用產業網絡。
有關理論之建構，本研究選擇「平台經濟性」作為核心類別，並以「知識模組動態組合價值性」作為演化準則，經由主軸編碼與選擇編碼等程序，發展出九項命題，藉以建構「平台經濟性創新(economies of platforms innovation)」理論。根據該理論，本研究指出知識模組創新公司，可依據能力審視、能力構築、能力持續等三階段，建構其動態核心能力。
本研究最後針對產業與政府等實務界，提出綜合性建議如下：
一、對產業界之建議
應注意與學習辨識所處產業是否正進入後產業化階段之分合(dis-integration)過程所產生之知識分工趨勢，並參考本研究所提出之「平台經濟性創新理論」，研擬以「平台經濟性」為基礎之知識模組化創新策略。同時，應積極運用知識模組供需脈絡與產業網絡之力量。
二、對政府產業政策之建議
針對協助個別企業提升內部能力方面，可加強輔導企業發展以知識模組再用平台為基礎之研發計畫，並且建立標竿案例與最佳實務，以提供企業導入「平台經濟性創新策略」之參考。同時，針對有主導潛力之知識模組創新企業，協助其深化發展產業主流平台。
此外，與國際相較，台灣知識型企業之規模仍屬偏小，政府輔導機制可加強推動國際級產業基礎模組主導者與國內業者結盟、輔導建立夥伴廠商體系(e.g.旗艦計畫)、輔導建立知識模組交易/交換機制、協助釐清知識模組之智慧財產權爭議、以及積極參與國際標準制訂，並快速擴散相關資訊與技術供產業參考等。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Knowledge modularization is a popular phenomenon in knowledge-based industries. This study explores issues related to companies, which use open or specific stan-dards/procedures to encapsulate their knowledge into modules, and then use such mod-ules to pursue internal and/or external division of knowledge and knowledge reuse activi-ties, for the purpose of developing products. The said issues include the organization and management issues, as well as knowledge transfer and learning. Through the process of empirical field investigations this study aims to develop a new technological innovation theory, which is based on knowledge modularization and reuse.
This study adopted the Grounded Theory, together with case studies, as the main methodology to guide the research process. Eight companies were selected as case stud-ies, which included four companies from the software industry and four design houses from the semiconductor industry. We interviewed these companies to discuss in-depth modularization innovation concerning software components in software industry and silicon intellectual properties (SIPs) in the semiconductor industry. The collected data is differentiated into nine conceptual categories, which are the (1) performance and com-petitiveness, (2) technology capabilities for developing knowledge modules, (3) capabili-ties for reusing knowledge modules, (4) evolution of knowledge module platforms, (5) organization policy and culture, (6) leadership in terms of basic industry modules, (7) market heterogeneity, (8) maturity of knowledge module transactions/exchanges, and (9) promotion of intermediary industry organizations.
According to the study`s findings, knowledge module innovation companies usually adopt the following procedures : (1) use knowledge module reuse platforms as the core of product/service innovation models; (2) organization structure design based on platforms; establish four internal capabilities, including (i) enhance the technology capabilities for developing knowledge module, (ii) reusing knowledge modules, (iii) speed up the evolution of knowledge module reuse platforms, (5) establish organization policy and culture. As for factors impacting industry knowledge module exchanges/transactions, these include 1) knowledge module sources for open platforms, 2) create supply and demand beneficial to knowledge module reuse, 3) making good use of industry networks.
Regarding the formation of a theory, the “economies of platforms” are used as the core category, and develop the “dynamic combination value of knowledge modules” as a criterion of evolution. Through axial and selective coding, nine propositions are devel-oped to support and construct the theory of "economies of platform innovation". Accord-ing to this theory, the study finds that knowledge module innovation companies can build their dynamic core capabilities through three phases, including capabilities positioning, building up capabilities, and sustaining capabilities.
The study also proposes several suggestions for the industry and government:
1. Suggestions for the industry:
Companies should closely watch and learn to recognize whether the structure of the industry in which they operate is entering a dis-integration process leading to division of knowledge. If so, the companies can refer to the theory of "economies of platform in-novation", to take action on knowledge module innovation strategies based on the economies of platforms. Meanwhile, they should utilize the power of the sup-ply-demand of knowledge modules and industrial networks.
2. Suggestions for the government`s industry policies:
For the purpose of helping individual firms raise their capabilities, the government could improve R&D assistance programs focused on the establishment of knowledge module reuse platforms. The government can also establish benchmarks or best practice cases as references for companies who would like to adopt innovation strategies for economies of platforms. Furthermore, knowledge module innovation companies with the potential to become industry leaders can be further assisted in developing mainstream industry platforms.
Besides, compared with international companies, the scale of knowledge-based companies in Taiwan is small. Therefore, the government can strengthen its efforts in promoting alliances between international industry leaders and Taiwanese companies, help Taiwanese companies to establish strategic partner networks, assist companies in establishing transaction/exchange mechanism for knowledge modules, clarify issues re-lated to intellectual properties of knowledge modules, participate in international stan-dards bodies, and provide up-to-date and relevant market and technology information.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章、緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究問題 7
第二章、文獻回顧與探討 8
第一節 知識生產之分工(division of labor in knowledge production) 10
第二節 知識的再用(The reuse of knowledge) 22
第三節 知識模組化(The modularization of knowledge) 31
第四節 新創新模式(The Innovation Models) 44
第五節 文獻連結與研究架構 47
第三章 研究方法 57
第一節 方法論之選用 57
第二節 研究程序 65
第三節 效度、信度與研究的評估 73
第四章 資訊軟體產業知識分工模式－軟體元件化個案 76
第一節 軟體產業元件化之發展背景 76
第二節 個案軟體公司之元件化背景與組織構型 87
第三節 開放編碼(Open Coding) 95
第四節 主軸編碼(Axial Coding) 133
第五節 本章小結 140
第五章 半導體設計業知識分工模式－矽智財個案 143
第一節 半導體矽智財之發展背景 143
第二節 個案半導體公司之矽智財發展背景與組織構型 155
第三節 開放編碼(Open Coding) 163
第四節 主軸編碼(Axial Coding) 200
第五節 本章小結 206
第六章 平台經濟性創新理論建構與跨產業比較 210
第一節 「平台經濟性(Economies of Platform)」創新之定義 210
第二節 平台經濟性創新理論之一般化 212
第三節 平台經濟性創新理論之命題發展 215
第四節 動態核心能力之構築 238
第七章 結論與建議 241
第一節 研究發現及問題回應 241
第二節 文獻回應與理論貢獻 245
第三節 實務建議 248
參考文獻 255
中文部分 255
英文部分 256
附錄1A 軟體元件個案開放編碼概念列表 270
附錄1B 軟體元件個案開放編碼表 274
附錄2A 矽智財個案開放編碼概念列表 280
附錄2B 矽智財個案開放編碼表 284

圖　目　錄
頁次
圖2.0.1 本研究文獻探討之順序 10
圖2.3.1 模組化產品創造過程的學習模式 37
圖2.3.2 實現替代經濟性之技術與組織設計 38
圖2.3.3 模組化於經濟系統各層次之共同演化(Coevolutionary)動態 42
圖2.5.1 知識模組化與再用相關文獻之連結 52
圖2.5.2 研究架構 56
圖3.2.1 透過研究過程進行理論建構 66
圖3.2.2 運用主軸編碼典範辨識能力/能耐 73
圖4.1.1 軟體產業的三大區隔 80
圖4.1.2 軟體元件化可能促進之產業結構演變 84
圖4.1.3 軟體元件應用範疇 86
圖4.2.1 個案A1與A2公司軟體元件再用與分工構型 89
圖4.2.2 個案A3與A4公司軟體元件再用與分工構型 93
圖4.4.1 軟體元件個案開放編碼獲得之暫現理論 134
圖4.4.2a 軟體元件主軸編碼--因果條件與現象連結 137
圖4.4.2b 軟體元件主軸編碼--脈絡與現象連結 137
圖4.4.2c 軟體元件主軸編碼--脈絡與行動/互動策略連結 138
圖4.4.2d 軟體元件主軸編碼--因果條件、脈絡與行動/互動策略連結 138
圖4.4.2e 軟體元件主軸編碼--行動/互動策略與結果連結及中介條件效果 139
圖4.4.2f 軟體元件主軸編碼—主軸編碼統合 139
圖5.1.1 全球半導體主要發展國家特色 146
圖5.1.2 設計生產力危機：潛在設計複雜度與設計生產力分岐發展 147
圖5.1.3 半導體產業的三次變革 148
圖5.1.4a 積體電路產業的分合發展 150
圖5.1.4b 積體電路產業的虛擬再整合 150
圖5.1.5 半導體產業的典範轉移 151
圖5.1.6a SIP分類(依設計流程分類) 154
圖5.1.6b SIP分類(依價值及差異化程度分類) 155
圖5.2.1 個案B1與B2公司矽智財再用與分工構型 159
圖5.2.2 個案B3與B4公司矽智財再用與分工構型 162
圖5.4.1 開放編碼獲得之暫現理論 201
圖5.4.2a 矽智財主軸編碼--因果條件與現象連結 203
圖5.4.2b 矽智財主軸編碼--脈絡與現象連結 204
圖5.4.2c 矽智財主軸編碼—脈絡與行動/互動策略連結 204
圖5.4.2d 矽智財主軸編碼--因果條件、脈絡與行動/互動策略連結 205
圖5.4.2e 矽智財主軸編碼--行動/互動策略與結果連結及中介條件效果 205
圖5.4.2f 矽智財主軸編碼—主軸編碼統合 206
圖6.1.1 知識模組所組成之平台系統 211
圖6.3.1 「平台經濟性」創新理論之相關命題 216
圖6.3.2 市場異質性之調和 220
圖6.4.1 「平台經濟性」創新之動態核心能力構築 239

表　目　錄
頁次
表1.1.1 技術經濟(techno-ecnomomic)典範之變遷 3
表1.2.1 經濟發展階段與生產模式之特徵 5
表2.2.1 促成知識移轉因素之文獻摘要 30
表2.3.1 模組化產品設計實例 32
表2.3.2a 商業化產品賦有架構(Embodied architecture) 39
表2.3.2b 試誤發展階段之必需架構 39
表2.4.1 封閉式與開放式創新典範之比較 46
表2.4.2 研究發展組織的比較資訊系統架構 47
表3.1.1 採用紮根理論進行本研究之理由 59
表3.1.2 使用個案研究法建構理論之程序 64
表3.2.1 研究田野及個案描述 67
表3.2.2 田野研究訪談對象 68
表3.2.3 半結構問卷大綱 69
表4.1.1 軟體產業發展歷程 79
表4.1.2 1968年NATO軟體工程研討會點出之問題 82
表4.2.1 軟體元件個案背景摘要 87
表4.3.1 軟體元件化與再用有關之九項觀念類別 96
表4.3.2 觀念類別(1)—「績效與競爭力」之維度與範圍 97
表4.3.3 觀念類別(2)—「研發部門技術力」之維度與範圍 100
表4.3.4 觀念類別(3)—「事業/產品部門再用力」之維度與範圍 107
表4.3.5 觀念類別(4)—「軟體元件平台演進力」之維度與範圍 113
表4.3.6 觀念類別(5)—「國際IT大廠引導力」之維度與範圍 119
表4.3.7 觀念類別(6)—「市場異質性」之維度與範圍 123
表4.3.8 觀念類別(7)—「夥伴廠商整合力(外部分工)」之維度與範圍 126
表4.3.9 觀念類別(8)—「開放元件之成熟度」之維度與範圍 129
表4.3.10 觀念類別(9)—「組織政策與文化」之維度與範圍 131
表4.5.1 軟體元件產業跨個案比較 141
表5.2.1 矽智財個案背景摘要 156
表5.3.1 半導體矽智財再用有關之九項觀念性類別 164
表5.3.2 觀念類別(1)—「績效與競爭力」之維度與範圍 164
表5.3.3 觀念類別(2)—「共用矽智財開發部門技術力」之維度與範圍 168
表5.3.4 觀念類別(3)—「矽智財使用部門之再用力」之維度與範圍 176
表5.3.5 觀念類別(4)—「矽智財平台演進力」之維度與範圍 180
表5.3.6 觀念類別(5)—「晶圓廠引導力」之維度與範圍 186
表5.3.7 觀念類別(6)—「市場異質性」之維度與範圍 188
表5.3.8 觀念類別(7)—「矽智財提供者成熟度」之維度與範圍 191
表5.3.9 觀念類別(8)—「標準組織影響力」之維度與範圍 196
表5.3.10 觀念類別(9)—「組織政策與文化」之維度與範圍 197
表5.5.1 矽智財產業跨個案比較 208
表6.2.1 知識模組之「平台經濟性」創新理論之一般化推論 213
表6.3.1a 軟體元件「研發部門技術力」內涵比較表 223
表6.3.1b 矽智財「共用矽智財開發部門技術力」內涵比較表 225
表6.3.2a 軟體元件「事業部門再用力」內涵比較表 226
表6.3.2b 矽智財「使用部門再用力」之內涵比較表 227
表6.3.3a 軟體元件「平台演進力」內涵比較表 229
表6.3.3b 矽智財「平台演進力」之內涵比較表 230
表6.3.4a 軟體元件「組織政策與文化」內涵比較表 231
表6.3.4b 矽智財「組織政策與文化」之內涵比較表 231
表6.3.5 軟體元件「夥伴廠商」結盟型態 235		zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0883595011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識模組化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 模組再用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平台經濟性創新理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 軟體產業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 半導體設計業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態核心能力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 紮根理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) knowledge modularizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) module reuseen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) economies of platform innovation theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) software industryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) IC design industryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) dynamic core capabilitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Grounded Theoryen_US
dc.title (題名) 運用知識模組化與再用發展平台經濟性創新理論之研究-以軟體元件與矽智財為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Economies of platform innovation theory through knowledge modularization and reuse: The cases of software components and silicon intellectual properties(SIPs).en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
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