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題名 有助於國小學童英語聽力之聽前教學活動研究
The Effectiveness of pre-listening activities on listening comprehension in elementary english teaching
作者 楊智媛
Yang, Chih Yuan
貢獻者 葉潔宇
Yeh, Chieh Yu
楊智媛
Yang, Chih Yuan
關鍵詞 聽力理解
聽力教學
聽力理解過程
由下而上
由上而下
相互作用
listening comprehension
listening teaching
listening comprehension processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
interactive processing
日期 2008
上傳時間 9-十二月-2010 12:17:16 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討不同聽力教學法對台灣國小學童聽力表現之影響，並試圖了解國小學童處理聽力之過程。本研究將七十六位國小五年級學童，其中包括五十二位男性與二十四位女性，分為「自下而上教學(bottom-up)」與「相互作用教學(interactive)」兩組，進行十五週之聽力教學。學童於聽力教學前後，均以劍橋兒童英檢初級(Starter Level)之聽力測驗進行前測與後測；同時，學童於每週聽力教學後，均須完成一份聽力小考，共計十五份。受試學童之前測、後測與十五次聽力小考皆以統計計量法加以計算，作為探討兩種聽力教學法成效之依據。此外，後測結束後，「相互作用教學(interactive)」組之學童接受問卷調查，以了解國小學童處理聽力之過程。
本研究主要發現「自下而上教學(bottom-up)」與「相互作用教學(interactive)」兩組之聽力表現並無重大差異。但整體而言，「相互作用教學(interactive)」組之平均分數較優於「自下而上教學(bottom-up)」組。問卷結果顯示，受訪之國小學童較常使用「由上而下」之訊息處理方式(top-down processing)，但大多數之受訪者表示，了解每一個單字的意義是聽力理解之關鍵因素。本研究最後提出若干相關建議以供參考。
The purposes of this study were to identify effective teaching activities that improve elementary EFL students’ listening comprehension and to investigate when learners rely on top-down processing, bottom-up processing, and interactive processing.
Participants in this study were 76 fifth graders from two classes in an elementary private school in Taipei County, including 52 males and 24 females. One of the two classes was treated with bottom-up pre-listening activities, while the other class was treated with interactive pre-listening activities. A pre-test and a post-test, adopted from the Starter level in the Cambridge Young Learners’ English Test, were implemented before and after a 15-week listening instruction. During the 15-week listening teaching, participants were also required to take a listening quiz after each session of teaching. Scores of the pre-test, post-test and the 15 listening quizzes were calculated by employing statistical measures to investigate the effectiveness of the two types of pre-listening activities, namely interactive and bottom-up pre-listening activities. Further, a questionnaire was administered for the interactive group after the post-test to investigate when learners relied on top-down processing, bottom-up processing and interactive processing.
The major findings of the study are: first, results from participants’ listening scores revealed that there was no significant improvement between pre-test and post-test of the two groups although the mean scores of the interactive group were higher than that of the bottom-up group; second, results from the questionnaire indicated that participants employed top-down processing more frequently than bottom-up processing in their listening, while they viewed the understanding of each word (bottom-up processing) as essential to listening comprehension. Suggestions and implications are made at the end of the study.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英語教學碩士在職專班
94951019
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094951019
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 葉潔宇zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yeh, Chieh Yuen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 楊智媛zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Yang, Chih Yuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 楊智媛zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yang, Chih Yuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-十二月-2010 12:17:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-十二月-2010 12:17:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-十二月-2010 12:17:16 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0094951019en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49890-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英語教學碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94951019zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討不同聽力教學法對台灣國小學童聽力表現之影響，並試圖了解國小學童處理聽力之過程。本研究將七十六位國小五年級學童，其中包括五十二位男性與二十四位女性，分為「自下而上教學(bottom-up)」與「相互作用教學(interactive)」兩組，進行十五週之聽力教學。學童於聽力教學前後，均以劍橋兒童英檢初級(Starter Level)之聽力測驗進行前測與後測；同時，學童於每週聽力教學後，均須完成一份聽力小考，共計十五份。受試學童之前測、後測與十五次聽力小考皆以統計計量法加以計算，作為探討兩種聽力教學法成效之依據。此外，後測結束後，「相互作用教學(interactive)」組之學童接受問卷調查，以了解國小學童處理聽力之過程。
本研究主要發現「自下而上教學(bottom-up)」與「相互作用教學(interactive)」兩組之聽力表現並無重大差異。但整體而言，「相互作用教學(interactive)」組之平均分數較優於「自下而上教學(bottom-up)」組。問卷結果顯示，受訪之國小學童較常使用「由上而下」之訊息處理方式(top-down processing)，但大多數之受訪者表示，了解每一個單字的意義是聽力理解之關鍵因素。本研究最後提出若干相關建議以供參考。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purposes of this study were to identify effective teaching activities that improve elementary EFL students’ listening comprehension and to investigate when learners rely on top-down processing, bottom-up processing, and interactive processing.
Participants in this study were 76 fifth graders from two classes in an elementary private school in Taipei County, including 52 males and 24 females. One of the two classes was treated with bottom-up pre-listening activities, while the other class was treated with interactive pre-listening activities. A pre-test and a post-test, adopted from the Starter level in the Cambridge Young Learners’ English Test, were implemented before and after a 15-week listening instruction. During the 15-week listening teaching, participants were also required to take a listening quiz after each session of teaching. Scores of the pre-test, post-test and the 15 listening quizzes were calculated by employing statistical measures to investigate the effectiveness of the two types of pre-listening activities, namely interactive and bottom-up pre-listening activities. Further, a questionnaire was administered for the interactive group after the post-test to investigate when learners relied on top-down processing, bottom-up processing and interactive processing.
The major findings of the study are: first, results from participants’ listening scores revealed that there was no significant improvement between pre-test and post-test of the two groups although the mean scores of the interactive group were higher than that of the bottom-up group; second, results from the questionnaire indicated that participants employed top-down processing more frequently than bottom-up processing in their listening, while they viewed the understanding of each word (bottom-up processing) as essential to listening comprehension. Suggestions and implications are made at the end of the study.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract (English)………………………………………………………i
Abstract (Chinese))………………………………………………………iii
Table of Contents)………………………………………………………iv
Lists of Tables)………………………………………………………vii
Lists of Figures)………………………………………………………viii
Chapter One: Introduction …………………………………………1
Motivation …………………………………………………………1
Purpose of This Study ………………………………………5
Significance of This Study …………………………………5
Chapter Two: Literature Review …………………………………7
The Importance of Listening Comprehension …………7
Difficulties in Listening Comprehension for EFL Learners …..........9
Listening Comprehension Processing ………………………16
Top-down processing ……………………………………16
Bottom-up processing ………………………………………17
Interactive processing ……………………………………18
Effectiveness of top-down and bottom-up processing ………………19
Evidences from Previous Related Research …………………22
Characteristics of Children’s Learning ……………………23
Research Questions of the Present Study …………………25
Chapter Three: Methodology ……………………………………………27
Participants ……………………………………………………27
Instruments ………………………………………………………28
Teacher-developed listening quizzes ………………………28
Cambridge YLE listening test …………………………………29
Questionnaire ………………………………………………………29
Procedures ……………………………………………………30
General procedures ……………………………………………30
Test procedures ………………………………………………32
Administration of the questionnaire ……………………33
Pilot Study ……………………………………………………………33
Pilot study for listening teaching ………………………33
Pilot study for the questionnaire ………………………35
Data Analysis ……………………………………………………36
Data analysis for listening tests ……………………36
Data analysis for the questionnaire ……………………37
Chapter Four: Results …………………………………………………43
Means and Standard Deviations of the Two Groups ……44
t-Test of the Means of the Two Groups ……………………47
Frequency Description for the Questionnaire …………51
Frequency description for bottom-up processing features ………………52
Frequency description for top-down processing features ……………54
Frequency description for the effect of interactive pre-listening activities……………58
Frequency description for listening difficulty …60
Summary of frequency description for the questionnaire …………………61
Chapter Five: Discussion and Conclusion ……………………63
Summary and Discussion of the Findings ……………………63
Implications of this Study ………………………………………66
Suggestions for Teaching of Listening ……………………67
Limitation of This Study ……………………………68
Directions for Future Research ………………………69
Conclusion ………………………………………………………70
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………72
Appendices …………………………………………………………………86
Appendix A: Teacher-developed Quizzes ……………………86
Appendix B: Cambridge Young Learners’ English Test (Listening) …………96
Appendix C: Questionnaire for the Interactive Group ………………………101
Appendix D: Teaching Procedures of the 15-week Listening Instruction ……………103
Appendix E: Worksheets for the Bottom-up Group ………126
Appendix F: Topic-related Pictures for the Interactive Group ………………132		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094951019en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聽力理解zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聽力教學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聽力理解過程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 由下而上zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 由上而下zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 相互作用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) listening comprehensionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) listening teachingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) listening comprehension processingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) bottom-up processingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) top-down processingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) interactive processingen_US
dc.title (題名) 有助於國小學童英語聽力之聽前教學活動研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Effectiveness of pre-listening activities on listening comprehension in elementary english teachingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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