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題名 漢語聖經經文搭配音樂之策略
The Phonological-Musical Strategies in Textsetting of Chinese Bible Verses
作者 凌旺楨
Ling, Wang Chen
貢獻者 蕭宇超
Yuchau E. Hsiao
凌旺楨
Ling, Wang Chen
關鍵詞 優選理論
漢語聖詩
文字入樂
語料庫
Optimality Theory
Mandarin hymn
Textsetting
Corpus
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-十二月-2010 12:35:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 許多學者曾探討語言與音樂的互動關係。本研究則是將此議題延伸討論至漢語聖經經文入樂。本文漢語聖詩的歌詞皆截取自聖經經文，旋律的部份則是由牟維華(2007)所編。本篇主要包含了語料庫以及優選理論分析。語料庫的設置是用以觀察音節與音符的關連性、語言與音樂的邊界，以及輕聲的節奏。而優選理論分析則是藉著制約排序選出優選輸出值。本文聖詩可以兩種方式避免音符沒有對應到歌詞的現象，即一個音節對入多個音符，以及插入重複的歌詞。此兩種不同變異體可透過並存音韻(cophonology)的次語法，也就是Dep-σ 及Univormity-SM兩個制約的重新排序來解釋。由 Align-R(Long,IP)、Align-L (T, XP) 及 Align-R (T, IP) 三種制約排序，可預測出三連音邊界與歌詞的對應關係。Rhythm-N和Align-R (Long, IP) 兩個制約的排序，則可預測輕聲字的節奏長短。本研究發現音樂可被調整，以容納音節節奏。語言亦會被音樂影響，如此以符合樂譜的模組(template)。
Scholars have discussed the interaction between language and music. This study investigates this issue in Chinese biblical hymns. The lyrics of Chinese biblical hymn discussed in this paper are from biblical verses while the melodies are composed by Mou (2007). This paper includes corpus-based and Optimality Theory analysis. Corpus is constructed to observe the phenomena of syllable-note association, language and music boundaries, and the rhythm of neutral tone syllables. In terms of Optimality Theory, the optimal output of the hymn is governed by a set of constraints. Both linking one syllable to multiple notes and inserting repeated lyrics to the hymns can avoid notes from not linking to any lyric. These two variations can be accounted for by re-ranking Dep-σ and Univormity-SM in Cophonology Theory. The constraint ranking of Align-R (Long, IP), Align-L (T, XP) and Align-R (T, IP) can predict the interaction between the tiercet boundary and lyrics. The ranking of Rhythm-N and Align-R (Long, IP) determines the rhythm of neutral tone syllables. To conclude, this study has found that music can be modified to accommodate syllable rhythm. Language can also be influenced by music to satisfy the music template.
參考文獻 1. English references
Antilla, A. 1997. Deriving variation from grammar. In
Hinskens, F. et al. (eds.) Variation, Change and
Phonological Theory, pp. 35-68. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins.
Goldsmith, J. A.1990. Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology.
Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Halle, J. & Lerdahl F. 1993. A generative textsetting
model. Current Musicology, 55:3-23.
Hayes, B. 2005. Textsetting as constraint conflict. In
Aroui, Louis, J and Arleo, A. (eds.), Towards a Typology
of Poetic Forms. Amsterdam, Elsevier.
Hayes, B. 1982. Extrametricality and English stress.
Linguistic Inquiry 13:277-276.
Hogg, R. & McCully, C. B. 1987. Metrical Phonology: A
Coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hsiao, Y. 2004. The Metrical Structure of Taiwanese Nursery
Rhymes: A Corpus Study. 2004 Poetics and Linguistics
Association Annual International
Conference. New York University, USA.
Hsiao, Y. 1995. Southern Min Tone Sandhi and Theories of
Prosodic Phonology. Taipei: Student Book Co.
Kager, R. 1999. Optimality Theory. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Ladd, D. R. 1990. Metrical representation of pitch
register. In Kingston, J. and Beckman, M, (eds.),
Papers in Laboratory Phonology 1: Between the
Grammar and the Physics of Speech, pp. 35–57. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Lerdahl, F. & Jackendoff, R. 1983. A Generative Theory of
Tonal Music. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press.
Lindblom, B. 1978. Final lengthening in speech and music.
In E.Gårding, G. Bruce & R. Bannert, (eds.) Nordic
Prosody: Papers from a symposium. Lund: Lund University
Linguistics Dept.
McCarthy, J.J. & Prince, A.S. 1995. Faithfulness and
reduplicative identity in Beckman, J. et al., (eds.),
Papers in Optimality Theory: University of Massachusetts
Occasional Papers 18, University of Massachusetts Press,
MA, pp. 249-384.
McCarthy, J.J. & Prince, A. 1993. Prosodic Morphology I:
Constraint Interaction
and Satisfaction. Ms. University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, and Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. 1983. Orisiduc structure above the
word. In Cutler, A. and Ladd, D.R. (eds.), Prosody:
Models and Measurements. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Orgun, C. O. 1996. Sign-based Morphonology and Phonology:
With Special Attention to Optimality Theory.
Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, University of
California, Berkeley.
Pierrehumbert, J. and Beckman, M. 1988. Japanese tone
structure, Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 15. MIT
Press, Cambridge.
Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. 1993. Optimality Theory:
Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Selkirk. E. 1984. Phonology and syntax: the relation
between sound and structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Sietsema, Brian. 1989. Metrical Dependencies in Tone
Assignment. Ph.D.Dissertation, MIT.
2. Chinese References:
牟維華，2007。唱的聖經。臺北縣：積智文化事業有限公司
徐富美、高林傳，2003。歌詞聲調與旋律曲調相諧和的電腦檢測
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu03/papers
/C26.pdf
陳國權，1992。歌曲寫作教程。北京市：人民音樂出版發行
楊蔭瀏，1998。語言與音樂。臺北：丹青圖書有限公司
端木三，1998。音理論和漢語的詞長選擇。http://www-
personal.umich.edu/~duanmu/ZGYW99.pdf
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
96555003
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096555003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蕭宇超zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yuchau E. Hsiaoen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 凌旺楨zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Ling, Wang Chenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 凌旺楨zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ling, Wang Chenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-十二月-2010 12:35:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-十二月-2010 12:35:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-十二月-2010 12:35:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0096555003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49901-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96555003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 許多學者曾探討語言與音樂的互動關係。本研究則是將此議題延伸討論至漢語聖經經文入樂。本文漢語聖詩的歌詞皆截取自聖經經文，旋律的部份則是由牟維華(2007)所編。本篇主要包含了語料庫以及優選理論分析。語料庫的設置是用以觀察音節與音符的關連性、語言與音樂的邊界，以及輕聲的節奏。而優選理論分析則是藉著制約排序選出優選輸出值。本文聖詩可以兩種方式避免音符沒有對應到歌詞的現象，即一個音節對入多個音符，以及插入重複的歌詞。此兩種不同變異體可透過並存音韻(cophonology)的次語法，也就是Dep-σ 及Univormity-SM兩個制約的重新排序來解釋。由 Align-R(Long,IP)、Align-L (T, XP) 及 Align-R (T, IP) 三種制約排序，可預測出三連音邊界與歌詞的對應關係。Rhythm-N和Align-R (Long, IP) 兩個制約的排序，則可預測輕聲字的節奏長短。本研究發現音樂可被調整，以容納音節節奏。語言亦會被音樂影響，如此以符合樂譜的模組(template)。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Scholars have discussed the interaction between language and music. This study investigates this issue in Chinese biblical hymns. The lyrics of Chinese biblical hymn discussed in this paper are from biblical verses while the melodies are composed by Mou (2007). This paper includes corpus-based and Optimality Theory analysis. Corpus is constructed to observe the phenomena of syllable-note association, language and music boundaries, and the rhythm of neutral tone syllables. In terms of Optimality Theory, the optimal output of the hymn is governed by a set of constraints. Both linking one syllable to multiple notes and inserting repeated lyrics to the hymns can avoid notes from not linking to any lyric. These two variations can be accounted for by re-ranking Dep-σ and Univormity-SM in Cophonology Theory. The constraint ranking of Align-R (Long, IP), Align-L (T, XP) and Align-R (T, IP) can predict the interaction between the tiercet boundary and lyrics. The ranking of Rhythm-N and Align-R (Long, IP) determines the rhythm of neutral tone syllables. To conclude, this study has found that music can be modified to accommodate syllable rhythm. Language can also be influenced by music to satisfy the music template.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements………………………………………………… v
Chinese Abstract………………………………………………… viii
English Abstract………………………………………………… ix
1.Introduction…………………………………………………… 1

2. Literature Review…………………………………………… 3
2.1 Optimality Theory……………………………………………3
2.2 Cophonology……………………………………………………5
2.3 Similarity between Language and Music…………………6
2.4 The Interaction between Language and Music………… 7
2.5 The Language Structure…………………………………… 9
2.5.1 Intonational Phrase………………………………………9
2.5.2 Extrametrical Syllable………………………………… 10

3. Corpus-based Analysis of Chinese hymns…………………13
3.1 Introduction………………………………………………… 13
3.1.1 Sources of the Corpus……………………………………14
3.1.2 Annotation………………………………………………… 15
3.1.3 Basic Concepts of Notation…………………………… 19
3.2 Correspondence Between Syllables and Notes…………20
3.2.1 One-to-one Correspondence Between Syllable and
Note………………………………………………………… 20
3.2.2 No Syllable Repetition………………………………… 21
3.2.3 Position of Rest Mark……………………………………23
3.3 Language and Music Boundaries………………………… 23
3.3.1 The Position of the Longest Syllable in an IP……23
3.3.2 Edge of the Tiercet………………………………………25
3.4 Syllable Rhythm: Neutral Tone Rhythm………………… 27
3.5 Summary…………………………………………………………30

4. An OT Analysis of Chinese Hymns………………………… 31
4.1 Introduction………………………………………………… 31
4.2 Correspondence Between Syllable and Note…………… 31
4.3 Language and Music Boundaries………………………… 44
4.4 Rhythm of Neutral Tone Syllable…………………………50
4.5 Summary…………………………………………………………57

5. Conclusion………………………………………………………59

Bibliography……………………………………………………… 63

Vita………………………………………………………………… 67		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 966688 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096555003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優選理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 漢語聖詩zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文字入樂zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語料庫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Optimality Theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mandarin hymnen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Textsettingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Corpusen_US
dc.title (題名) 漢語聖經經文搭配音樂之策略zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Phonological-Musical Strategies in Textsetting of Chinese Bible Versesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. English referenceszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Antilla, A. 1997. Deriving variation from grammar. Inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hinskens, F. et al. (eds.) Variation, Change andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Phonological Theory, pp. 35-68. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goldsmith, J. A.1990. Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Halle, J. & Lerdahl F. 1993. A generative textsettingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) model. Current Musicology, 55:3-23.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hayes, B. 2005. Textsetting as constraint conflict. Inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aroui, Louis, J and Arleo, A. (eds.), Towards a Typologyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of Poetic Forms. Amsterdam, Elsevier.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hayes, B. 1982. Extrametricality and English stress.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Linguistic Inquiry 13:277-276.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hogg, R. & McCully, C. B. 1987. Metrical Phonology: Azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsiao, Y. 2004. The Metrical Structure of Taiwanese Nurseryzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rhymes: A Corpus Study. 2004 Poetics and Linguisticszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Association Annual Internationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conference. New York University, USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsiao, Y. 1995. Southern Min Tone Sandhi and Theories ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prosodic Phonology. Taipei: Student Book Co.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kager, R. 1999. Optimality Theory. New York: Cambridgezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ladd, D. R. 1990. Metrical representation of pitchzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) register. In Kingston, J. and Beckman, M, (eds.),zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Papers in Laboratory Phonology 1: Between thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grammar and the Physics of Speech, pp. 35–57. Cambridge:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lerdahl, F. & Jackendoff, R. 1983. A Generative Theory ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tonal Music. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lindblom, B. 1978. Final lengthening in speech and music.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) In E.Gårding, G. Bruce & R. Bannert, (eds.) Nordiczh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prosody: Papers from a symposium. Lund: Lund Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Linguistics Dept.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCarthy, J.J. & Prince, A.S. 1995. Faithfulness andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) reduplicative identity in Beckman, J. et al., (eds.),zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Papers in Optimality Theory: University of Massachusettszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Occasional Papers 18, University of Massachusetts Press,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) MA, pp. 249-384.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCarthy, J.J. & Prince, A. 1993. Prosodic Morphology I:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Constraint Interactionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and Satisfaction. Ms. University of Massachusetts,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amherst, and Rutgers University, New Brunswick.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. 1983. Orisiduc structure above thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) word. In Cutler, A. and Ladd, D.R. (eds.), Prosody:zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Orgun, C. O. 1996. Sign-based Morphonology and Phonology:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) With Special Attention to Optimality Theory.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, University ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) California, Berkeley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pierrehumbert, J. and Beckman, M. 1988. Japanese tonezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) structure, Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 15. MITzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Press, Cambridge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. 1993. Optimality Theory:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Oxford:zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sietsema, Brian. 1989. Metrical Dependencies in Tonezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Assignment. Ph.D.Dissertation, MIT.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 牟維華，2007。唱的聖經。臺北縣：積智文化事業有限公司zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐富美、高林傳，2003。歌詞聲調與旋律曲調相諧和的電腦檢測zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu03/paperszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) /C26.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳國權，1992。歌曲寫作教程。北京市：人民音樂出版發行zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊蔭瀏，1998。語言與音樂。臺北：丹青圖書有限公司zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 端木三，1998。音理論和漢語的詞長選擇。http://www-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) personal.umich.edu/~duanmu/ZGYW99.pdfzh_TW