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題名 土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式演變及其效益評估
作者 李家儂
Li, Chia Nung
貢獻者 賴宗裕
Lai, Tsung Yu
李家儂
Li, Chia Nung
關鍵詞 土地使用
交通運輸
都市模式
大眾運輸導向發展
效益體系
land use
transportation
urban form
transit-oriented development
effectiveness system
日期 2008
上傳時間 9-Dec-2010 16:29:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 土地使用與交通運輸在都市模式中，具有密切的相互影響關係，而土地使用與交通運輸的連結，依其連結的型態不斷地演變，形塑出不同的都市模式，也產生不同的連結效益與衝擊，其中汽車導向發展（AOD）與大眾運輸導向發展（TOD）為當今全球之主要都市模式型態，但諸多的研究也指出AOD都市模式在土地使用與交通運輸的連結上，產生的負面衝擊大過於正面效益，因此全球許多大都市與台灣都市皆企圖演變成TOD都市模式，然而各大都市要如何透過土地使用與交通運輸有效益的連結，以演變出適宜的TOD都市模式，首先，除了瞭解各種都市模式的分類基礎之外，尚需一套都市整體面的效益體系，以監控都市模式的演變，並評估出有效益的TOD模式演變策略，然而，當前國內、外諸多的研究中，卻缺乏此一關鍵議題的深入探討。據此，本研究探討都市模式的分類指標，以供台灣都市評估現今的都市模式與研擬台灣都市演變成TOD都市模式的相關策略，繼而建構一套可以監控台灣都市演變成TOD都市模式的效益體系，以期台灣都市能有效益地演變成TOD都市模式。
本研究首先分析土地使用與交通運輸如何透過連結，在複雜理論及相關文獻的立論下，如何演變出不同的都市模式，本研究運用計量指標設計，以全球36個城市為實證對象，建立出一套UTLC都市模式的分類指標，以瞭解當今各大都市在土地使用與交通運輸連結下，演變出什麼型態的都市模式，繼而探討現今都市型態要演變成TOD都市模式時，土地使用與交通運輸的連結時，產生了哪些效益，本研究運用群體決策明示結構法（GISM）與群體決策分析網絡程序法（GANP），據以評估台灣TOD都市模式效益體系，透過該效益體系評選出最具效益的TOD方案，最後，依循政策支援系統的理念，研議出土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制。
基於上述研究內容，本研究得到如下之發現與結論：
一、都市模式演變實證分析部分：本研究設計計量指標與全球36個城市的實證分析，分類出這些城市在土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式型態及其所具備之都市模式特徵，評估出台北市屬於緊密型汽車導向發展城市（AOD-S），並提出都市演變成TOD模式型態之初步策略構想，包括和諧地混合土地使用、人行導向的大眾運輸路網與都市設計、評估緊密發展的容受力總量與提高大眾運輸車站周邊土地使用強度。

二、台灣TOD都市模式效益體系建構部分：本研究設計「群體決策明示結構法（GISM）」與評分法，建立台灣TOD都市模式效益體系，該效益體系具有16個效益內涵、3個層次、35個影響關係以及5類時間動態關係，政府規劃部門可據此研擬出適宜的策略，以回饋與補強其演變的過程中，演變至TOD都市模式所欠缺的成效。

三、台灣都市演變成大眾運輸導向發展模式效益評估部分：本研究設計「群體決策分析網絡程序法（GANP）」，以台北市的都市背景為基礎，評估出TOD都市模式效益體系在網絡結構下的權重關係，繼而評選出最有效益的TOD方案，即為「提高TOD程度」，方案中的實施內容，又以提高大眾運輸搭乘率最為重要，其次分別為提高都市設計品質、提高土地使用密度與提高混合土地使用程度。

四、政策支援系統建構都市模式發展機制部分：本研究應用政策支援系統理念作為機制研擬的架構，進而發展出土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制與配套措施，該機制具有模式分類策略、模式發展目標、效益連結策略與效益監控策略，在配套措施部分，包括特定專用區計畫、TOD實質計畫研擬、資本門改善計畫、計畫單元整體開發、開發協議與聯合開發，繼而形成有系統的「土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制」。
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
94257501
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094257501
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴宗裕zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lai, Tsung Yuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李家儂zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Li, Chia Nungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 李家儂zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Li, Chia Nungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Dec-2010 16:29:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Dec-2010 16:29:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Dec-2010 16:29:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094257501en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50026-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94257501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 土地使用與交通運輸在都市模式中，具有密切的相互影響關係，而土地使用與交通運輸的連結，依其連結的型態不斷地演變，形塑出不同的都市模式，也產生不同的連結效益與衝擊，其中汽車導向發展（AOD）與大眾運輸導向發展（TOD）為當今全球之主要都市模式型態，但諸多的研究也指出AOD都市模式在土地使用與交通運輸的連結上，產生的負面衝擊大過於正面效益，因此全球許多大都市與台灣都市皆企圖演變成TOD都市模式，然而各大都市要如何透過土地使用與交通運輸有效益的連結，以演變出適宜的TOD都市模式，首先，除了瞭解各種都市模式的分類基礎之外，尚需一套都市整體面的效益體系，以監控都市模式的演變，並評估出有效益的TOD模式演變策略，然而，當前國內、外諸多的研究中，卻缺乏此一關鍵議題的深入探討。據此，本研究探討都市模式的分類指標，以供台灣都市評估現今的都市模式與研擬台灣都市演變成TOD都市模式的相關策略，繼而建構一套可以監控台灣都市演變成TOD都市模式的效益體系，以期台灣都市能有效益地演變成TOD都市模式。
本研究首先分析土地使用與交通運輸如何透過連結，在複雜理論及相關文獻的立論下，如何演變出不同的都市模式，本研究運用計量指標設計，以全球36個城市為實證對象，建立出一套UTLC都市模式的分類指標，以瞭解當今各大都市在土地使用與交通運輸連結下，演變出什麼型態的都市模式，繼而探討現今都市型態要演變成TOD都市模式時，土地使用與交通運輸的連結時，產生了哪些效益，本研究運用群體決策明示結構法（GISM）與群體決策分析網絡程序法（GANP），據以評估台灣TOD都市模式效益體系，透過該效益體系評選出最具效益的TOD方案，最後，依循政策支援系統的理念，研議出土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制。
基於上述研究內容，本研究得到如下之發現與結論：
一、都市模式演變實證分析部分：本研究設計計量指標與全球36個城市的實證分析，分類出這些城市在土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式型態及其所具備之都市模式特徵，評估出台北市屬於緊密型汽車導向發展城市（AOD-S），並提出都市演變成TOD模式型態之初步策略構想，包括和諧地混合土地使用、人行導向的大眾運輸路網與都市設計、評估緊密發展的容受力總量與提高大眾運輸車站周邊土地使用強度。

二、台灣TOD都市模式效益體系建構部分：本研究設計「群體決策明示結構法（GISM）」與評分法，建立台灣TOD都市模式效益體系，該效益體系具有16個效益內涵、3個層次、35個影響關係以及5類時間動態關係，政府規劃部門可據此研擬出適宜的策略，以回饋與補強其演變的過程中，演變至TOD都市模式所欠缺的成效。

三、台灣都市演變成大眾運輸導向發展模式效益評估部分：本研究設計「群體決策分析網絡程序法（GANP）」，以台北市的都市背景為基礎，評估出TOD都市模式效益體系在網絡結構下的權重關係，繼而評選出最有效益的TOD方案，即為「提高TOD程度」，方案中的實施內容，又以提高大眾運輸搭乘率最為重要，其次分別為提高都市設計品質、提高土地使用密度與提高混合土地使用程度。

四、政策支援系統建構都市模式發展機制部分：本研究應用政策支援系統理念作為機制研擬的架構，進而發展出土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制與配套措施，該機制具有模式分類策略、模式發展目標、效益連結策略與效益監控策略，在配套措施部分，包括特定專用區計畫、TOD實質計畫研擬、資本門改善計畫、計畫單元整體開發、開發協議與聯合開發，繼而形成有系統的「土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制」。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………… 1-1
第一節 研究動機與目的……………………………………………… 1-1
第二節 研究對象與範圍……………………………………………… 1-8
第三節 研究內容與流程……………………………………………… 1-14
第四節 研究設計……………………………………………………… 1-16

第二章 理論分析與文獻回顧………………………………………… 2-1
第一節 理論分析基礎………………………………………………… 2-1
第二節 土地使用與交通運輸的連結與演變………………………… 2-6
第三節 大眾運輸導向發展都市模式………………………………… 2-20
第四節 大眾運輸導向發展都市模式的效益分析…………………… 2-39

第三章 都市模式演變實證分析……………………………………… 3-1
第一節 全球都市土地使用與交通運輸的連結分析………………… 3-1
第二節 都市模式之實證分析與分類………………………………… 3-6
第三節 都市模式之全球分佈………………………………………… 3-15
第四節 土地使用與交通運輸的連結構想
—演變成大眾運輸導向發展模式…………………………… 3-18
第五節 小結…………………………………………………………… 3-22

第四章 台灣大眾運輸導向發都市模式效益體系之建構…………… 4-1
第一節 大眾運輸導向發展都市模式效益內涵初步分析…………… 4-1
第二節 效益體系建構之初步構想…………………………………… 4-4
第三節 建立效益間的層級與相互影響關係………………………… 4-7
第四節 建立效益間的時間動態關係………………………………… 4-12
第五節 台灣大眾運輸導向發展都市模式之效益體系……………… 4-17

第五章 台灣都市演變成大眾運輸導向發展模式之效益評估……… 5-1
第一節 效益評估之初步構想………………………………………… 5-1
第二節 建立效益體系的權重關係…………………………………… 5-5
第三節 方案評估……………………………………………………… 5-18
第四節 小結…………………………………………………………… 5-26

第六章 土地使用與交通運輸效益連結下的都市模式發展機制…… 6-1
第一節 政策支援系統………………………………………………… 6-1
第二節 都市模式發展機制…………………………………………… 6-3
第三節 配套措施……………………………………………………… 6-14

第七章 結論與建議…………………………………………………… 7-1
第一節 結論…………………………………………………………… 7-1
第二節 建議…………………………………………………………… 7-9
第三節 後續研究方向………………………………………………… 7-11

參考文獻 中、英文參考文獻…………………………………………… 參-1
附錄一 第一階段GISM專家學者問卷：台灣TOD都市模式效益體系
的層級關係、影響關係與動態關之建立…………………… 附-1附錄二 第二階段GANP專家學者問卷：台灣TOD都市模式效益體系
的權重關係與有效益方案選擇……………………………… 附-11
附錄三 專家學者問卷調查名單……………………………………… 附-25
附錄四 GANP計算過程與整理………………………………………… 附-27
附錄五 GANP方案評估結果…………………………………………… 附-43

圖 目 錄

圖1-1 實證研究對象之全球城市分佈圖……………………………… 1-12
圖1-2 台北市TOD模式研究範圍及TOD效益影響範圍圖…………… 1-13
圖1-3 研究流程圖……………………………………………………… 1-15
圖1-4 研究設計圖……………………………………………………… 1-18
圖2-1 複雜理論與都市系統…………………………………………… 2-3
圖2-2 複雜理論應用於UTLC都市模式演變的分析示意圖………… 2-5
圖2-3 土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式演變歷史年表……… 2-7
圖2-4 傳統步行城市概念圖…………………………………………… 2-7
圖2-5 傳統步行都市模式中土地使用與交通運輸連結圖…………… 2-8
圖2-6 工業化軌道運輸城市概念圖…………………………………… 2-9
圖2-7 工業化軌道運輸都市模式中土地使用與交通運輸連結圖…… 2-10
圖2-8 汽車導向發展城市概念圖……………………………………… 2-11
圖2-9 汽車導向都市模式中土地使用與交通運輸連結圖…………… 2-12
圖2-10 大眾運輸關聯發展都市模式中土地使用與交通運輸連結圖… 2-13
圖2-11 大眾運輸導向發展概念圖……………………………………… 2-14
圖2-12 大眾運輸導向都市模式中土地使用與交通運輸連結圖……… 2-15
圖2-13 土地使用與交通運輸連結下之都市模式與特徵……………… 2-18
圖2-14 從複雜理論的觀點看UTLC都市模式的演變脈絡與目標…… 2-19
圖2-15 需求與供給導向的發展模式與型態…………………………… 2-21
圖2-16 TOD都市模式規劃理念的鑽石體系…………………………… 2-24
圖2-17 大眾運輸導向發展內涵圖……………………………………… 2-28
圖2-18 美國TOD發展目標與頻次……………………………………… 2-30
圖2-19 美國TOD都市模式的效益體系………………………………… 2-41
圖3-1 土地使用與交通運輸連結下之都市模式特徵綜整圖………… 3-6
圖3-2 居住人口緊密程度與私人運具使用率關係圖………………… 3-9
圖3-3 工作人口緊密程度與私人運具使用率關係圖………………… 3-9
圖3-4 居住人口緊密程度與大眾運輸使用程度關係圖……………… 3-11
圖3-5 工作人口緊密程度與大眾運輸使用程度關係圖……………… 3-11
圖3-6 UTLC都市模式在交通運輸與土地使用之關係圖……………… 3-16
圖3-7 都市模式發展之全球佈局圖…………………………………… 3-17
圖3-8 都市模式發展演變之策略構想圖（一）………………………… 3-19
圖3-9 都市模式發展演變之策略構想圖（二）………………………… 3-19
圖4-1 TOD都市模式可能產生的效益與其初步分類說明圖………… 4-3
圖4-2 研究子題與研究設計圖………………………………………… 4-5
圖4-3 初構台灣TOD都市模式效益體系圖…………………………… 4-11
圖4-4 第一層級TOD都市模式效益在動態時間上之成效呈現圖…… 4-15
圖4-5 第二層級TOD都市模式效益在動態時間上之成效呈現圖…… 4-16
圖4-6 第三、四層級TOD都市模式效益在動態時間上之成效呈現圖… 4-16
圖4-7 台灣TOD都市模式之效益體系圖……………………………… 4-18
圖5-1 效益評估研究子題與研究設計圖……………………………… 5-2
圖5-2 從ANP到GANP方法的構想……………………………………… 5-6
圖5-3 AHP與ANP的問題差異…………………………………………… 5-7
圖5-4 台灣TOD都市模式效益評估的網絡結構………………………… 5-8
圖5-5 GANP的成對比較矩陣群………………………………………… 5-10
圖5-6 Super Decision 1.6.0操作視窗…………………………… 5-11
圖5-7 超矩陣計算過程（摘錄）………………………………………… 5-13
圖5-8 效益體系內其效益間之權重關係（全部專家）………………… 5-14
圖5-9 效益體系內其效益間之權重關係（分類別）…………………… 5-16
圖5-10 專家學者間對效益權重關係的差異性………………………… 5-17
圖5-11 加入方案評估的網絡結構……………………………………… 5-19
圖5-12 次效益評估準則下方案間的成對比較矩陣…………………… 5-19
圖5-13 最有效益之TOD方案評估結果（全部專家）…………………… 5-22
圖5-14 最有效益之TOD方案評估結果（分類別）……………………… 5-23
圖5-15 專家學者間對方案間權重關係的差異性……………………… 5-23
圖5-16 提高TOD程度之方案內容（專家學者）………………………… 5-25
圖5-17 提高TOD程度之方案內容（分類別）…………………………… 5-25
圖6-1 以政策支援系統建構UTLC發展機制…………………………… 6-2
圖6-2 UTLC發展機制之基本概念……………………………………… 6-4
圖6-3 UTLC都市模式分類策略………………………………………… 6-5
圖6-4 效益連結策略…………………………………………………… 6-7

表 目 錄

表1-1 本研究實證對象之36個全球城市……………………………… 1-11
表1-2 研究方法與研究構想對應表…………………………………… 1-18
表2-1 都市模式的特徵………………………………………………… 2-17
表2-2 都市模式發展階段與永續性…………………………………… 2-20
表2-3 AOD與TOD都市模式比較……………………………………… 2-22
表2-4 落實TOD都市模式的規劃理念………………………………… 2-25
表2-5 TOD的意義與永續發展………………………………………… 2-27
表2-6 規劃理念的組合元素…………………………………………… 2-29
表2-7 TOD研究中設計準則的研究成果……………………………… 2-33
表2-8 以影響層級與公私部門為劃分的TOD效益內涵……………… 2-41
表2-9 從相關實證研究歸納之TOD都市模式效益…………………… 2-43
表3-1 土地使用與交通運輸的連結條件……………………………… 3-5
表3-2 UTLC都市模式分類表…………………………………………… 3-13
表3-3 全球36城市緊密程度與大眾運輸使用程度關係表…………… 3-14
表3-4 全球36城市都市模式分類表…………………………………… 3-16
表4-1 TOD都市模式可能產生的效益內涵說明……………………… 4-2
表4-2 決策群體的專家學者單位……………………………………… 4-9
表4-3 TOD都市模式效益在動態時間上效益成效歸類……………… 4-15
表5-1 進行效益評估之層次…………………………………………… 5-7
表5-2 效益評估決策群體的專家學者單位…………………………… 5-9
表5-3 台灣TOD都市模式效益體系內其效益間之權重值…………… 5-14
表5-4 專家學者間對效益權重關係的差異…………………………… 5-17
表5-5 最有效益之TOD方案評估結果………………………………… 5-22
表5-6 提高TOD程度之方案內容……………………………………… 5-24
表6-1 TOD方案之目標………………………………………………… 6-6
表6-2 效益連結策略組合……………………………………………… 6-8
表6-3 TOD都市模式效益評估指標…………………………………… 6-13		zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094257501en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 土地使用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交通運輸zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 都市模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大眾運輸導向發展zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 效益體系zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) land useen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) transportationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) urban formen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) transit-oriented developmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) effectiveness systemen_US
dc.title (題名) 土地使用與交通運輸連結下的都市模式演變及其效益評估zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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