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題名 台北市與上海市國中生英語學習動機比較
A comparison of English learning motivations of junior high school students in Taipei and in Shanghai
作者 劉孟珠
Liu, Mengchu
貢獻者 陳陸輝
Chen, Luhuei
劉孟珠
Liu, Mengchu
關鍵詞 英語學習動機
國中生英語
台北市與上海市
English learning motivation
junior high shcool students` English
Taipei and Shanghai
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-Dec-2010 16:58:47 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在比較台北市與上海市國中生英語學習動機。本研究為質性研究,藉由兩地國中生以及他們的師長與家長的訪談,以理解兩地國中生的英語學習動機及影響學習動機的因素與結果。研究發現,台北市學生英語學習較趨以興趣為導向, 雖然他們仍須面對升學考試。而上海市學生面對人口競爭,學習壓力大,英語學習動機強烈。
This study tried to investigate the different motivation in English learning and the elements that influence the student`s motivation between the junior high school students in Shanghai and Taipei. This study is conducted through social observation and qualitative research approaches. The scope of this study focuses on the investigation in Taipei and Shanghai. The subjects of this research will be the junior high school students in Taipei and the junior high school students in Shanghai, and the graduated or elder students, and the students` teachers and parents as well. After the research, there are some findings. The overpopulated pressure lead students in China must study harder to enter top prestigious universities. The interviewers in this study revealed that Taiwanese students do not totally study due to external stress and English learning is based on interests. Parents in Taiwan hope their kids not only learn English for good grades but also develop their interests in English learning. In Shanghai, parents urge their children to study all the time. Parents concern the school grades very much. In Taipei, teachers are willing to be students’ friends. Differently, teachers in Shanghai are more authoritative than in Taipei. Teachers emphasize the accuracy on English learning. China’s accession to WTO affects the model of English learning. Globalization accelerates the trend to learn English. These years China runs some world-class convention and exhibition which attract more international business and tourists and encourage Chinese to learn English. In the process in this study, we found the English learning motivation of students in Shanghai is stronger than Taiwan`s students.
參考文獻 1. Blue Book of Development and Reform 1978~2008. Chapter 24. Retrieved Octor 8, 2008 from: C:\\Documents and Settings\\Joy\\My Documents\\ 改革開放以來教育發展和改革的進程.htm
2. Chen, Chiu-li (2005). A Study of the Relationships among Learning Motivation, Learning Satisfaction, and Learning Achievement of Junior High School Students---Example in Yunlin County, Unpublished Master Thesis, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology.
3. Chou, Chongtien (2004). The Differences of English Teaching in Asia. Retrieved June 1, 2004 from http://www.cet-taiwan.com/ET/07_ET_show.asp?serno=119
4. Chou, Chungtien (2005). The English teaching in China. Retrieved March 1, 2005 from http://www.cet-taiwan.com/ET/07_ET_show.asp?serno=117
5. Cristal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
6. Consador, Kat (2009). What Is the Definition of Employee Motivation? Retrieved September 11, 2009 from http://www.ehow.com/about_5387352_definition-employee-motivation.html
7. Crystal D. (1999). The Future of English. English Today 58, vol.15, No.2. UK: Cambridge University Press.
8. Data refer to the year 2008, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2009, International Monetary Fund, Accessed on October 1, 2009
9. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and sef-determinaton in human behaviour. New York: Pienum.
10. Deci, E. (1972), Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Reinforcement, and Inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 22 (1): P.113~P.120
11. Edwards, John (1985). Language, Society and Identity. Oxford:Basil Blackwell Ltd. P.146~P.158
12. Edwards, John (1985). Language, Society and Identity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. P.146~158
13. EHistLing. Lecture 7: World-Wide English. from http://www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de/01_lec06.php.
14. English Language from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language
15. Expectancy Theory of Motivation from http://www.arrod.co.uk/archive/concept_vroom.php
16. Fan, Mingshu (2005). An Investigation of English Learning Motivation of Second Year of Middle School Students. Unpublished master thesis. Liaoning Normal University.
17. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice, New York: Basic Books.
18. Gardner, R. & W. Lambert (1959). Motivation variables in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13:266-272
19. Gardner, Robert C. (1960a), Motivation variables in second language acquisition .Doctorial thesis, McGill University.
20. Gardner, Robert C. (1960b), Motivation variables in second language acquisition .Doctorial thesis, McGill University. From http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/phd.pdf
21. Gardner, R. C. & Lysynchuk, L. M.(1990). The role of aptitude, attitudes, motivation and language use on second-language acquisition and retention. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 22, P.254~P.270
22. Graddol, David (1997a). The Future of English? UK: British Council 1997. 2000. P2, P.10~11
23. Graddol, David (1997b). The Future of English? UK: British Council 1997. 2000. P.2
24. Graddol, David. (2006). English Next. UK: British Council. P.14~15, P19, P41~49 Retrieved March 16th, 2008, from http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-english-next.pdf
25. Huang, Yuwen (2004). The research on senior grades teachers’ teaching attitude, the interaction between students and teachers, and the motivation of learning in elementary. Unpublished master thesis. Department of Education & Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education, National Chiayi University.
26. Jones, Gareth R. and Jennifer M. George (2008), Contemporary Management. Irwin Professional Publish.
27. Kelly, Joe (1980). How Managers Manage. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
28. Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: teaching and learning the languages and literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P.11~36
29. Lambert, Wallace E. (1972). Language, Psychology and Culture. California: Stanford University Press, P.9~31
30. Li, Chaoying, Li Liu and Chao Lu ( 2009). Beijing Sina News. Experts say key high schools obstruct the equality of compulsory education. Retrieved November 11, 2009 from http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20091119/2414117.html
31. Li, Judy (2009). Taipei City Has Second-Highest Per Capita GDP in Asia: TIER. Taiwan Economic News. Retrieved March 19, 2009 from http://www.cens.com.tw/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_26710.html
32. Liao, Yen-fen (2007). A Study of Taiwanese Junior High School Students’ EFL Learning Motivation and Learning Strategies, Unpublished Master Thesis, National Changhua Normal University.
33. Lin, Jiaojen (2004). Crazy learning English in China. Tien Shia Magazine. Retrieved November 15, 2004 from http://www.lcenter.com.tw/inter/chinaDetail.asp?no=2
34. Maslow, Abraham H. (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row, P.35~P.58
35. Meng, Qingqing (1991). Letter to the Editor. China Daily, June 10, P6
36. Modiano M. (1999). International English in the global village. English Today 58, vol.15, No. 2. UK: Cambridge University Press.
37. Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Phillipson , R. (2001). English or ‘no’ to English in Scandinavia? English Today 66, vol.17, No.2. UK: Cambridge University Press.
39. Pintrich, P. & Schunk, D. (1996). Motivation in Education: Theory, Research & Applications, Ch. 3. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
40. Pride, J. B., & Liu, R-S. (1988). Some Aspects of the Spread of English since 1949. International of Journal of the Sociology of Language. P.74, 41~70
41. Porter, Lyman W. and Edward E. Lawler, III(1968), Managerial Attitudes and Performance, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
42. Quirk, R. & H. Widdowson (Eds.). English in the world, teaching and learning the languages and literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P11~30
43. Sansone, Carol & Harackiewicz, Judith M. edited (2000) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego: Academic Press, P.444~P.452
44. Sun, Lu (2009). Chao Chicheng looked back to see the history of “English fever” in China. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from http://cppcc.people.com.cn/BIG5/35377/9117490.html
45. The Department of High Education of Taiwan Ministry of Education coded. (1983). Junior High School Curriculum Standards, Appendix: Junior High School Curriculum Standard Revision Processes. Taipei: Cheng Chung Bookstore.
46. Theories of Motivation: Vroom’s Valence-Expectancy Theory from: http://www.mbaknol.com/management-concepts/theories-of-motivation-vroom%E2%80%99s-valence-expectancy-theory/
47. Vroom, Victor H.(1964). Work and Motivation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Third Printing, April, 1967. P. 8~28
48. Vroom, Victor H. & Kenneth R. MacCrimmon (1968). Toward a Stochastic Model of Managerial Careers, Administrative Science Quarterly 13, June 1968, (1): P.26~46
49. Wang, Shaomin (2005). A review of researches on English Learning Motivation in China over the past 20 years. Journal of TV University. Retrieved 2005 from http://www1.open.edu.cn/elt/11/4.htm
50. Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), P.3~P.25 Weiner, B. (1986). An Attributional Theory of Emotion and Motivation, New York: Springer-Verlag.
51. Wen, Aiying (2005). Effect of Students’ Motivation on English Learning in Junior Middle Schools, Unpublished master thesis. Jiangxi Normal University.
52. Wu, Shueichi (2008). From the Deconstruction of Taiwan’s English Worship to the Construction of Critical Pedagogy of English Teaching Model. Unpublished doctorial thesis. The Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University.
53. www.ce.cn (2007) Deng Xiaoping’s speech about reviving the entrance examination of university in 1977. Retrieved August 23, 2007 from C:\\Documents and Settings\\Joy\\My Documents\\1977年鄧小平關於恢復高考的講話和批示(選載).htm
54. Xinhunet news (2010). Chinese Academy of Social Sciences published the global cities competitiveness report. Retrieved June 25,2010 from http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-06/25/c_12262093.htm
55. Yu, Yuechin (2003). The comparison of English curriculum documents on compulsory education on both sides of Taiwan Strait. Unpublished master thesis. Sandong Normal University.
56. Zao, Young and Campbell K.P. (1995). English in China, World Englishes, Vol.14, No. 3, P377~390.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
97925015
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097925015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳陸輝zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Luhueien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 劉孟珠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liu, Mengchuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉孟珠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Mengchuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Dec-2010 16:58:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Dec-2010 16:58:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Dec-2010 16:58:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097925015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50053-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97925015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在比較台北市與上海市國中生英語學習動機。本研究為質性研究,藉由兩地國中生以及他們的師長與家長的訪談,以理解兩地國中生的英語學習動機及影響學習動機的因素與結果。研究發現,台北市學生英語學習較趨以興趣為導向, 雖然他們仍須面對升學考試。而上海市學生面對人口競爭,學習壓力大,英語學習動機強烈。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study tried to investigate the different motivation in English learning and the elements that influence the student`s motivation between the junior high school students in Shanghai and Taipei. This study is conducted through social observation and qualitative research approaches. The scope of this study focuses on the investigation in Taipei and Shanghai. The subjects of this research will be the junior high school students in Taipei and the junior high school students in Shanghai, and the graduated or elder students, and the students` teachers and parents as well. After the research, there are some findings. The overpopulated pressure lead students in China must study harder to enter top prestigious universities. The interviewers in this study revealed that Taiwanese students do not totally study due to external stress and English learning is based on interests. Parents in Taiwan hope their kids not only learn English for good grades but also develop their interests in English learning. In Shanghai, parents urge their children to study all the time. Parents concern the school grades very much. In Taipei, teachers are willing to be students’ friends. Differently, teachers in Shanghai are more authoritative than in Taipei. Teachers emphasize the accuracy on English learning. China’s accession to WTO affects the model of English learning. Globalization accelerates the trend to learn English. These years China runs some world-class convention and exhibition which attract more international business and tourists and encourage Chinese to learn English. In the process in this study, we found the English learning motivation of students in Shanghai is stronger than Taiwan`s students.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Purpose 2
2. Literature Review and Research Method 4
2.1 Previous Studies 4
2.2 Theoretical basis for the Research 11
2.3 Vroom`s Expectancy Theory of Motivation 11
2.4 Hypothesis 14
2.5 Research Method 15
2.6 Scope of Research 16
2.7 Instrument 16
2.8 Subjects 16
2.9 Research Design 17
2.10 Procedure 17
3. The English Learning History and Development in Taiwan and in China 19
3.1 Why learn English 19
3.2 The English learning history and development in Taiwan 23
3.3 The English learning history and development in China 27
4. The factors and results of English learning motivations in Taipei 30
4.1 The factors and results of English learning motivations in Taipei 30
4.2 Brief conclusion of English learning motivations in Taipei 60
5. The factors and results of English learning motivations in shanghai 64
5.1 The factors and results of English learning motivations in Shanghai 64
5.2 The brief conclusion of English learning motivations in Shanghai 85
6. Conclusion 88
Reference 98
Appendix 104
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 795005 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097925015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語學習動機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國中生英語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台北市與上海市zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) English learning motivationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) junior high shcool students` Englishen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taipei and Shanghaien_US
dc.title (題名) 台北市與上海市國中生英語學習動機比較zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A comparison of English learning motivations of junior high school students in Taipei and in Shanghaien_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Blue Book of Development and Reform 1978~2008. Chapter 24. Retrieved Octor 8, 2008 from: C:\\Documents and Settings\\Joy\\My Documents\\ 改革開放以來教育發展和改革的進程.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Chen, Chiu-li (2005). A Study of the Relationships among Learning Motivation, Learning Satisfaction, and Learning Achievement of Junior High School Students---Example in Yunlin County, Unpublished Master Thesis, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Chou, Chongtien (2004). The Differences of English Teaching in Asia. Retrieved June 1, 2004 from http://www.cet-taiwan.com/ET/07_ET_show.asp?serno=119zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Chou, Chungtien (2005). The English teaching in China. Retrieved March 1, 2005 from http://www.cet-taiwan.com/ET/07_ET_show.asp?serno=117zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Cristal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Consador, Kat (2009). What Is the Definition of Employee Motivation? Retrieved September 11, 2009 from http://www.ehow.com/about_5387352_definition-employee-motivation.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Crystal D. (1999). The Future of English. English Today 58, vol.15, No.2. UK: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Data refer to the year 2008, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2009, International Monetary Fund, Accessed on October 1, 2009zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and sef-determinaton in human behaviour. New York: Pienum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Deci, E. (1972), Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Reinforcement, and Inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 22 (1): P.113~P.120zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Edwards, John (1985). Language, Society and Identity. Oxford:Basil Blackwell Ltd. P.146~P.158zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Edwards, John (1985). Language, Society and Identity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. P.146~158zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. EHistLing. Lecture 7: World-Wide English. from http://www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de/01_lec06.php.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. English Language from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Expectancy Theory of Motivation from http://www.arrod.co.uk/archive/concept_vroom.phpzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Fan, Mingshu (2005). An Investigation of English Learning Motivation of Second Year of Middle School Students. Unpublished master thesis. Liaoning Normal University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice, New York: Basic Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Gardner, R. & W. Lambert (1959). Motivation variables in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13:266-272zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Gardner, Robert C. (1960a), Motivation variables in second language acquisition .Doctorial thesis, McGill University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Gardner, Robert C. (1960b), Motivation variables in second language acquisition .Doctorial thesis, McGill University. From http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/phd.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Gardner, R. C. & Lysynchuk, L. M.(1990). The role of aptitude, attitudes, motivation and language use on second-language acquisition and retention. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 22, P.254~P.270zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Graddol, David (1997a). The Future of English? UK: British Council 1997. 2000. P2, P.10~11zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Graddol, David (1997b). The Future of English? UK: British Council 1997. 2000. P.2zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Graddol, David. (2006). English Next. UK: British Council. P.14~15, P19, P41~49 Retrieved March 16th, 2008, from http://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-english-next.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Huang, Yuwen (2004). The research on senior grades teachers’ teaching attitude, the interaction between students and teachers, and the motivation of learning in elementary. Unpublished master thesis. Department of Education & Graduate Institute of Elementary and Secondary Education, National Chiayi University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Jones, Gareth R. and Jennifer M. George (2008), Contemporary Management. Irwin Professional Publish.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Kelly, Joe (1980). How Managers Manage. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Kachru, B. (1985). Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world: teaching and learning the languages and literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P.11~36zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. Lambert, Wallace E. (1972). Language, Psychology and Culture. California: Stanford University Press, P.9~31zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Li, Chaoying, Li Liu and Chao Lu ( 2009). Beijing Sina News. Experts say key high schools obstruct the equality of compulsory education. Retrieved November 11, 2009 from http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20091119/2414117.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31. Li, Judy (2009). Taipei City Has Second-Highest Per Capita GDP in Asia: TIER. Taiwan Economic News. Retrieved March 19, 2009 from http://www.cens.com.tw/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_26710.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32. Liao, Yen-fen (2007). A Study of Taiwanese Junior High School Students’ EFL Learning Motivation and Learning Strategies, Unpublished Master Thesis, National Changhua Normal University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33. Lin, Jiaojen (2004). Crazy learning English in China. Tien Shia Magazine. Retrieved November 15, 2004 from http://www.lcenter.com.tw/inter/chinaDetail.asp?no=2zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34. Maslow, Abraham H. (1954). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row, P.35~P.58zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35. Meng, Qingqing (1991). Letter to the Editor. China Daily, June 10, P6zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36. Modiano M. (1999). International English in the global village. English Today 58, vol.15, No. 2. UK: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37. Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38. Phillipson , R. (2001). English or ‘no’ to English in Scandinavia? English Today 66, vol.17, No.2. UK: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39. Pintrich, P. & Schunk, D. (1996). Motivation in Education: Theory, Research & Applications, Ch. 3. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40. Pride, J. B., & Liu, R-S. (1988). Some Aspects of the Spread of English since 1949. International of Journal of the Sociology of Language. P.74, 41~70zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41. Porter, Lyman W. and Edward E. Lawler, III(1968), Managerial Attitudes and Performance, Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 42. Quirk, R. & H. Widdowson (Eds.). English in the world, teaching and learning the languages and literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P11~30zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 43. Sansone, Carol & Harackiewicz, Judith M. edited (2000) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego: Academic Press, P.444~P.452zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 44. Sun, Lu (2009). Chao Chicheng looked back to see the history of “English fever” in China. Retrieved April 13, 2009 from http://cppcc.people.com.cn/BIG5/35377/9117490.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 45. The Department of High Education of Taiwan Ministry of Education coded. (1983). Junior High School Curriculum Standards, Appendix: Junior High School Curriculum Standard Revision Processes. Taipei: Cheng Chung Bookstore.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 46. Theories of Motivation: Vroom’s Valence-Expectancy Theory from: http://www.mbaknol.com/management-concepts/theories-of-motivation-vroom%E2%80%99s-valence-expectancy-theory/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 47. Vroom, Victor H.(1964). Work and Motivation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Third Printing, April, 1967. P. 8~28zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 48. Vroom, Victor H. & Kenneth R. MacCrimmon (1968). Toward a Stochastic Model of Managerial Careers, Administrative Science Quarterly 13, June 1968, (1): P.26~46zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 49. Wang, Shaomin (2005). A review of researches on English Learning Motivation in China over the past 20 years. Journal of TV University. Retrieved 2005 from http://www1.open.edu.cn/elt/11/4.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 50. Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), P.3~P.25 Weiner, B. (1986). An Attributional Theory of Emotion and Motivation, New York: Springer-Verlag.zh_TW
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