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題名 The Perception of China Threat and Civil-Military Relations in Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian Era
作者 布羅托
Broto, Wardoyo
貢獻者 丁樹範
Ding, Arthur
布羅托
Broto, Wardoyo
關鍵詞 civilian control over the military
Chen Shui-bian
日期 2009
上傳時間 9-Dec-2010 16:59:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 The aim of this thesis is to explain the typology of civilian control in Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era and to explain the correlation between that particular type of civilian control and the perception of China threat among civilian groups.
The establishment of civilian control in most cases is seen as either a result or a consequence of democratization process or the transformation from authoritarian to democratic society. The assessment on the case of Taiwan is no different. In this logic of thinking, the establishment of a democratic or objective civilian control is considered as the main goal. An objective civilian control, according to Huntington, has several prerequisites such as military disengagement from politics, full military submission to civilian authority, and, most importantly, the establishment of professional military. Critics to Huntington ideals usually revolve around the necessity to have a clear disengagement of the military from politics. Drawing from Huntington and his critics, I propose three indicators to categorize civilian control into objective and subjective. Those are the military autonomy, which is a direct result of the existence of a clear set of boundaries between military and civilian areas or roles, the existence or inexistence of intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence or inexistence of interpenetration. Using those indicators, my assessment on Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era finds out that the military autonomy did exist with the adoption of the twin defense laws, the existence of an acute intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence of civilian penetration into military area. This civilian penetration itself was a result of an overt-concentration of roles into civilian hands, which leaving the military in a very limited role and powerless position, and the intra-civilian rivalry which drove both Chen’s government and pan-blue opposition to use military issues as bargaining chip to strengthen their political position. In conclusion, instead of having an objective civilian control, Taiwan under Chen Shui-bian was suffering from a subjective civilian control.
To answer the question of why such an opposite result appeared, from what is supposed to be the result of the democratization process, I argue that the divergent of perception on China threat among civilian is among the factors that explain such a contradiction. Most assessment on the issue of civilian control in Taiwan is focusing on the identity politics as the explaining factor. In this thesis, I argue that the identity politics is necessary but not sufficient to explain the contradictory result. The divergent perception on China threat among civilian serves as the foundation to explain the political behavior of political parties in Taiwan. Due to this differing perception, political parties could not find a congruent understanding of external threat that makes any defense related issue became a political issue.
The aim of this thesis is to explain the typology of civilian control in Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era and to explain the correlation between that particular type of civilian control and the perception of China threat among civilian groups.
The establishment of civilian control in most cases is seen as either a result or a consequence of democratization process or the transformation from authoritarian to democratic society. The assessment on the case of Taiwan is no different. In this logic of thinking, the establishment of a democratic or objective civilian control is considered as the main goal. An objective civilian control, according to Huntington, has several prerequisites such as military disengagement from politics, full military submission to civilian authority, and, most importantly, the establishment of professional military. Critics to Huntington ideals usually revolve around the necessity to have a clear disengagement of the military from politics. Drawing from Huntington and his critics, I propose three indicators to categorize civilian control into objective and subjective. Those are the military autonomy, which is a direct result of the existence of a clear set of boundaries between military and civilian areas or roles, the existence or inexistence of intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence or inexistence of interpenetration. Using those indicators, my assessment on Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era finds out that the military autonomy did exist with the adoption of the twin defense laws, the existence of an acute intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence of civilian penetration into military area. This civilian penetration itself was a result of an overt-concentration of roles into civilian hands, which leaving the military in a very limited role and powerless position, and the intra-civilian rivalry which drove both Chen’s government and pan-blue opposition to use military issues as bargaining chip to strengthen their political position. In conclusion, instead of having an objective civilian control, Taiwan under Chen Shui-bian was suffering from a subjective civilian control.
To answer the question of why such an opposite result appeared, from what is supposed to be the result of the democratization process, I argue that the divergent of perception on China threat among civilian is among the factors that explain such a contradiction. Most assessment on the issue of civilian control in Taiwan is focusing on the identity politics as the explaining factor. In this thesis, I argue that the identity politics is necessary but not sufficient to explain the contradictory result. The divergent perception on China threat among civilian serves as the foundation to explain the political behavior of political parties in Taiwan. Due to this differing perception, political parties could not find a congruent understanding of external threat that makes any defense related issue became a political issue.
參考文獻 <Book and Chapter in Book>
Alaggapa, Muthiah. (2001). Military Professionalism in Asia: Conceptual and Empirical Perspective. Honolulu: East-West Center.
Bullard, Monte R. (1997). The Soldier and the Citizen: The Role of the Military in Taiwan’s Development. New York and London: M.E. Sharpe.
Chase, Michael S. (2008). Taiwan’s Security Policy: External Threats and Domestic Politics. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Chen Ming-tong and The Taiwan Security Research Group. (2006). The China Threat Crosses the Strait: Challenges and Strategies for Taiwan’s National Security. Taipei: Dong Fong Color Printing Co. Ltd.
Chen, York W. and Martin Edmonds. (2006). An Overview of Taiwan’s Defense Reform. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Taiwan’s Defense Reform (pp. 63-78). London and New York: Routledge.
Cheng Hsiao-shih. (1990). Party-Military Relations in the PRC and Taiwan: Paradoxes of Control. Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press, Inc.
Cohen, Raymond. (1979). Threat Perception in International Crisis. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Cole, Bernard. (2006). Taiwan’s Security: History and Prospects. London and New York: Routledge.
Desch, Michael C. (1999). Civilian Control of the Military: The Changing Security Environment. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
Ding, Arthur Shu-fan and Alexander Chieh-cheng Huang. (1999). Taiwan’s Military in the 21st Century: Redefinition and Reorganization. In Larry M. Wortzel (Ed.), The Chinese Armed Forces in the 21st Century (pp.253-288). Carlisle, PA.: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College.
Ding, Arthur S. (2008). Sino-US Competition in Strategic Arms. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Relations.
Edmunds, Timothy, Anthony Forster and Andrew Cottey. (2003). Armed Forces and Society: a Framework for Analysis. In Anthony Forster, Timothy Edmunds and Andrew Cottey (Eds.), Soldiers and Societies in Postcommunist Europe (pp. 1-22). Hampshire and New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Feaver, Peter D. (2003) Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press.
Finch, J. Samuel. (1998). The Armed Forces and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.
Fischer, Jr., Richard D. (2008). China’s Military Modernization: Building for Regional and Global Reach. Westport, Connecticut and London: Praeger Security International.
Goh, Evelyn and Sheldon W. Simon. (2008). China, the US, and Southeast Asia: Contending Perspectives on Politics, Security, and Economics. New York and London: Routledge.
Huntington, Samuel P. (1957). The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Kang, David C. (2007). China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lin, Chia-lung and I-chuang Lai. (2006). Taiwan’s Party Reallignments in Transition. In Hsin-huang Michael Hsiao, Ed., Asian New Democracies: The Philippines, South Korea, and Taiwan Compared (pp. 255-269). Taipei: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy.
Roy, Denny. (2003). PLA Capabilities in the Next Decade: The Influence of Politics. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Defending Taiwan: The Future Vision of Taiwan’s Defense Policy and Military Strategy (pp. 29-47). New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
Sato, Yoichiro. (2009). Conclusion: China in the Eyes of Asia and America. In Kevin J. Cooney and Yoichiro Sato (Eds.), The Rise of China and International Security: America and Asia Respond (pp. 232-241). London and New York: Routledge.
Ross, Andrew L. (2006). Taiwan’s Defense Reform: Questions and Observations. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Taiwan’s Defense Reform (pp. 16-25). London and New York: Routledge.
Scobell, Andrew. (2006). China’s Military Threat to Taiwan in the Twenty-First Century: Coercion or Capture. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Taiwan’s Defense Reform (pp. 29-40). London and New York: Routledge.
Sheng Lijun. (2002). China and Taiwan: Cross-Strait Relations under Chen Shui-bian. Singapore: ISEAS.
Shirk, Susan L. (2007). China: Fragile Superpower. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stepan, Alfred. (1973). Authoritarian Brazil: Origins, Policies, and Future. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sun Chin-ming (2001). Taiwan: Toward a Higher Degree of Military Professionalism. In Muthiah Alagappa (Ed.), Military Professionalism in Asia: Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives (pp. 61-76). Honolulu: East-West Center.
Swaine, Michael D. (2005). Taiwan’s Defense Reform and Military Modernization Program: Objectives, Achievements, and Obstacles. In Nancy Bernkopf Tucker (Ed.), Dangerous Strait: The US-Taiwan-China Crisis (pp. 131-161). New York: Columbia University Press.
Tsang, Steve. (2006). Drivers Behind the Use of Force. In Steve Tsang (ed.), If China Attacks Taiwan: Military Strategy, Politics and Economics (pp. 1-14). London and New York: Routledge.
Welch, Jr., Claude E. and Arthur K. Smith. (1974). Military Role and Rule. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Duxbury Press.
Yee, Herbert and Ian Storey. (2002). The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
Yu, Maochun. (2006). Political and Military Factors Determining China’s Use of Force. In Steve Tsang (Ed.), If China Attacks Taiwan: Military Strategy, Politics and Economics (pp. 17-34). London and New York: Routledge.
<Journal Article>
Biddick, Thomas V. (1989). Diplomatic Rivalry in the South Pacific: The PRC and Taiwan. Asian Survey, 29(8), 800-815.
Chase, Michael S. (2005). Defense Reform in Taiwan: Problems and Prospect. Asian Survey, 45(3), 362-382.
Chase, Michael S. (2008). Taiwan’s Arms Procurement Debate and the Demise of the Special Budget Proposal: Domestic Politics in Command. Asian Survey, 48(4), 703-724.
Chen, Mumin. 2007). From Five No’s to Referendum: The Making of National Security Policy in Taiwan. Issues and Studies, 43(3), 199-273.
Cottey, Andrew, Timothy Edmunds, and Anthony Forster. (2002). The Second Generation Problematic: Rethinking Democracy and Civil-Military Relations. Armed Forces and Society, 29(1), 31-56.
Croissant, Aurel. (2004). Riding the Tiger: Civilian Control and the Military in Democratizing Korea. Armed Forces and Society, 30(3), 357-381.
Feaver, Peter D. (1999). Civil-Military Relations. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 211-241.
Fravel, M. Taylor. (2002). Toward Civilian Supremacy: Civil-Military Relations in Taiwan’s Democratization. Armed Forces and Society, 29(1), 57-84.
Goldsworthy, David. (1981) Civilian Control of the Military in Black Africa. African Affairs, 80(318), 49-74.
Joffe, Ellis. (2009). The ‘Right Size’ for China’s Military: To What Ends? Asia Policy, 4, 559-571.
Ku, Samuel C.Y. (1998). Taiwan’s Diplomatic Maneuvers in the Asia-Pacific: A Perspective of Complex Interdependence. Issues and Studies, 34(6), 80-97.
Kuan, Eugene Hung-chang. (2006). Domestic Politics of Foreign Policy: Explaining the Formulation of Taiwan’s ‘Participate in the U.N.’ Policy. Issues and Studies, 42(1), 137-162.
Kuehn, David. (2008). Democratization and the Civilian Control of the Military in Taiwan. Democratization, 15(5), 870-890.
Laswell, Harold. (1941). The Garrison State. The American Journal of Sociology, 46(4), 455-468.
Lee, Chyungly. (2007). Cross-Strait Economic Ties and Taiwan’s Economic Security: An Analytical Framework from a Nontraditional Security Perspective. Issues and Studies, 43(1), 189-216.
Lee, Wei-chin. (2007). The Greening of the Brass: Taiwan’s Civil-Military Relations since 2000. Asian Security, 3(3), 204-227.
Lin, Cheng-yi. (2007). The Rise of China and Taiwan’s Respond: The Anti-Secession Law as a Case Study. Issues and Studies, 43(1), 159-188.
Lin, Chiung-chu. (2008). The Role of Issue in Taiwan’s Politics, 1996-2004. Issues and Studies, 44(1), 71-104.
Trinkunas, Harold A. (2000). Crafting Civilian Control in Emerging Democracies: Argentina and Venezuela. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 42(3), 77-109.
Tung, Chen-yuan. (2003). Cross-Strait Economic Relations: China’s Leverage and Taiwan’s Vulnerability. Issues and Studies, 39(3), 137-175.
Ross, Robert R. (2006). Explaining Taiwan’s Revisionist Diplomacy. Journal on Contemporary China, 15(48), 443-458.
Wang, T.Y. (2005). The Perception of Threats and Pragmatic Policy Choice: A Survey of Public Opinion in Taiwan. Issues and Studies, 41(1), 87-111.
Wu, Yu-Shan. (2005). Taiwan’s Domestic Politics and Cross-Strait Relations. The China Journal, 53, 35-60.
Wuthnow, Joel. (2006). The Integration of Cooptation and Coercion: China’s Taiwan Strategy since 2001. East Asia, 23(3), 22-45.
<Other publications>
Huang, Alexander C. (1999). Taiwan’s Defense Modernization for the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities. (Paper prepared for the Conference on War and Peace in the Taiwan Strait).
Logan, Justin and Ted Galen Carpenter. (2007). Taiwan’s Defense Budget: How Taipei’s Free Riding Risks War. Policy Analysis of CATO Institute, 600.
Stokes, Mark A. (2006). Taiwan’s Security: Beyond the Special Budget. AEI Outlook, 2.
The Ministry of National Defense, ROC. (2002). 2002 National Defense Report, Republic of China. Taipei: The Ministry of National Defense.
Tzeng, Yisuo. (2006). What’s in a Name? Identity Politics and Civil-Military Relations in Taiwan. (Paper prepared for MPSA 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Tzeng, Yisuo. (2009). Civil-Military Relations in Democratizing Taiwan, 1986-2007. (Unpublished dissertation). Washington, D.C.: George Washington University.
Yang Chi-lin. (1996). Military Politics in the Transition to Democracy: Changing Civil-Military Relations in the Republic of China (Taiwan), 1949-1994. (Unpublished dissertation). New York: the University at Albany, State University of New York.
Yap, O. Fiona. (2004). Military Restraint in South Korea and Taiwan: Evidence and Lessons. (Paper presented at the Annual Midwest Political Science Association Conference at the Chicago Palmer House).
York W. Chen. (2009). Fragile Partnership: Taiwan’s Pol-Mil Relations, 2000-2008. (Paper presented at the Henry L. Stimson Center).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
97924017
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0979240171
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 丁樹範zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Ding, Arthuren_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 布羅托zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Broto, Wardoyoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 布羅托zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Broto, Wardoyoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Dec-2010 16:59:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Dec-2010 16:59:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Dec-2010 16:59:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0979240171en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50056-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97924017zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The aim of this thesis is to explain the typology of civilian control in Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era and to explain the correlation between that particular type of civilian control and the perception of China threat among civilian groups.
The establishment of civilian control in most cases is seen as either a result or a consequence of democratization process or the transformation from authoritarian to democratic society. The assessment on the case of Taiwan is no different. In this logic of thinking, the establishment of a democratic or objective civilian control is considered as the main goal. An objective civilian control, according to Huntington, has several prerequisites such as military disengagement from politics, full military submission to civilian authority, and, most importantly, the establishment of professional military. Critics to Huntington ideals usually revolve around the necessity to have a clear disengagement of the military from politics. Drawing from Huntington and his critics, I propose three indicators to categorize civilian control into objective and subjective. Those are the military autonomy, which is a direct result of the existence of a clear set of boundaries between military and civilian areas or roles, the existence or inexistence of intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence or inexistence of interpenetration. Using those indicators, my assessment on Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era finds out that the military autonomy did exist with the adoption of the twin defense laws, the existence of an acute intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence of civilian penetration into military area. This civilian penetration itself was a result of an overt-concentration of roles into civilian hands, which leaving the military in a very limited role and powerless position, and the intra-civilian rivalry which drove both Chen’s government and pan-blue opposition to use military issues as bargaining chip to strengthen their political position. In conclusion, instead of having an objective civilian control, Taiwan under Chen Shui-bian was suffering from a subjective civilian control.
To answer the question of why such an opposite result appeared, from what is supposed to be the result of the democratization process, I argue that the divergent of perception on China threat among civilian is among the factors that explain such a contradiction. Most assessment on the issue of civilian control in Taiwan is focusing on the identity politics as the explaining factor. In this thesis, I argue that the identity politics is necessary but not sufficient to explain the contradictory result. The divergent perception on China threat among civilian serves as the foundation to explain the political behavior of political parties in Taiwan. Due to this differing perception, political parties could not find a congruent understanding of external threat that makes any defense related issue became a political issue.		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The aim of this thesis is to explain the typology of civilian control in Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era and to explain the correlation between that particular type of civilian control and the perception of China threat among civilian groups.
The establishment of civilian control in most cases is seen as either a result or a consequence of democratization process or the transformation from authoritarian to democratic society. The assessment on the case of Taiwan is no different. In this logic of thinking, the establishment of a democratic or objective civilian control is considered as the main goal. An objective civilian control, according to Huntington, has several prerequisites such as military disengagement from politics, full military submission to civilian authority, and, most importantly, the establishment of professional military. Critics to Huntington ideals usually revolve around the necessity to have a clear disengagement of the military from politics. Drawing from Huntington and his critics, I propose three indicators to categorize civilian control into objective and subjective. Those are the military autonomy, which is a direct result of the existence of a clear set of boundaries between military and civilian areas or roles, the existence or inexistence of intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence or inexistence of interpenetration. Using those indicators, my assessment on Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian era finds out that the military autonomy did exist with the adoption of the twin defense laws, the existence of an acute intra-civilian rivalry, and the existence of civilian penetration into military area. This civilian penetration itself was a result of an overt-concentration of roles into civilian hands, which leaving the military in a very limited role and powerless position, and the intra-civilian rivalry which drove both Chen’s government and pan-blue opposition to use military issues as bargaining chip to strengthen their political position. In conclusion, instead of having an objective civilian control, Taiwan under Chen Shui-bian was suffering from a subjective civilian control.
To answer the question of why such an opposite result appeared, from what is supposed to be the result of the democratization process, I argue that the divergent of perception on China threat among civilian is among the factors that explain such a contradiction. Most assessment on the issue of civilian control in Taiwan is focusing on the identity politics as the explaining factor. In this thesis, I argue that the identity politics is necessary but not sufficient to explain the contradictory result. The divergent perception on China threat among civilian serves as the foundation to explain the political behavior of political parties in Taiwan. Due to this differing perception, political parties could not find a congruent understanding of external threat that makes any defense related issue became a political issue.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background 2
1.2. Methodology 10
1.3. Literature Review and Limitations 10
1.4. Thesis Outline 16
2. Theoretical Framework 18
2.1. The Definition of Civilian Control 19
2.2. Threat and Civilian Control 23
2.3. Conclusion: Proposed Framework 25
3. The Typology of Civilian Control 28
3.1. Framework 29
3.2. Assessment 33
3.2.1. Military Autonomy 34
3.2.2. Intra-Civilian Rivalry 38
3.2.3. Interpenetration 42
3.3. Conclusion 45
4. The Perception of China Threat 47
4.1. Framework 48
4.1.1. The China Threat 48
4.1.2. The Identification of Threat 51
4.1.2.1. The Actual Threat 52
4.1.2.2. The Intention to Use Force 54
4.1.3. The Strategy to Cope with Threat 56
4.2. Assessment 60
4.3. Conclusion 66
5. Conclusion 68
Bibliography 72		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 634531 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0979240171en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) civilian control over the militaryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chen Shui-bianen_US
dc.title (題名) The Perception of China Threat and Civil-Military Relations in Taiwan during Chen Shui-bian Eraen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <Book and Chapter in Book>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alaggapa, Muthiah. (2001). Military Professionalism in Asia: Conceptual and Empirical Perspective. Honolulu: East-West Center.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bullard, Monte R. (1997). The Soldier and the Citizen: The Role of the Military in Taiwan’s Development. New York and London: M.E. Sharpe.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chase, Michael S. (2008). Taiwan’s Security Policy: External Threats and Domestic Politics. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen Ming-tong and The Taiwan Security Research Group. (2006). The China Threat Crosses the Strait: Challenges and Strategies for Taiwan’s National Security. Taipei: Dong Fong Color Printing Co. Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, York W. and Martin Edmonds. (2006). An Overview of Taiwan’s Defense Reform. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Taiwan’s Defense Reform (pp. 63-78). London and New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng Hsiao-shih. (1990). Party-Military Relations in the PRC and Taiwan: Paradoxes of Control. Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cohen, Raymond. (1979). Threat Perception in International Crisis. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cole, Bernard. (2006). Taiwan’s Security: History and Prospects. London and New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Desch, Michael C. (1999). Civilian Control of the Military: The Changing Security Environment. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ding, Arthur Shu-fan and Alexander Chieh-cheng Huang. (1999). Taiwan’s Military in the 21st Century: Redefinition and Reorganization. In Larry M. Wortzel (Ed.), The Chinese Armed Forces in the 21st Century (pp.253-288). Carlisle, PA.: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ding, Arthur S. (2008). Sino-US Competition in Strategic Arms. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Relations.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edmunds, Timothy, Anthony Forster and Andrew Cottey. (2003). Armed Forces and Society: a Framework for Analysis. In Anthony Forster, Timothy Edmunds and Andrew Cottey (Eds.), Soldiers and Societies in Postcommunist Europe (pp. 1-22). Hampshire and New York: Palgrave MacMillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feaver, Peter D. (2003) Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Finch, J. Samuel. (1998). The Armed Forces and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fischer, Jr., Richard D. (2008). China’s Military Modernization: Building for Regional and Global Reach. Westport, Connecticut and London: Praeger Security International.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goh, Evelyn and Sheldon W. Simon. (2008). China, the US, and Southeast Asia: Contending Perspectives on Politics, Security, and Economics. New York and London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huntington, Samuel P. (1957). The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kang, David C. (2007). China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia. New York: Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lin, Chia-lung and I-chuang Lai. (2006). Taiwan’s Party Reallignments in Transition. In Hsin-huang Michael Hsiao, Ed., Asian New Democracies: The Philippines, South Korea, and Taiwan Compared (pp. 255-269). Taipei: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roy, Denny. (2003). PLA Capabilities in the Next Decade: The Influence of Politics. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Defending Taiwan: The Future Vision of Taiwan’s Defense Policy and Military Strategy (pp. 29-47). New York: RoutledgeCurzon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sato, Yoichiro. (2009). Conclusion: China in the Eyes of Asia and America. In Kevin J. Cooney and Yoichiro Sato (Eds.), The Rise of China and International Security: America and Asia Respond (pp. 232-241). London and New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ross, Andrew L. (2006). Taiwan’s Defense Reform: Questions and Observations. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Taiwan’s Defense Reform (pp. 16-25). London and New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scobell, Andrew. (2006). China’s Military Threat to Taiwan in the Twenty-First Century: Coercion or Capture. In Martin Edmonds and Michael M. Tsai (Eds.), Taiwan’s Defense Reform (pp. 29-40). London and New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sheng Lijun. (2002). China and Taiwan: Cross-Strait Relations under Chen Shui-bian. Singapore: ISEAS.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shirk, Susan L. (2007). China: Fragile Superpower. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stepan, Alfred. (1973). Authoritarian Brazil: Origins, Policies, and Future. New Haven: Yale University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sun Chin-ming (2001). Taiwan: Toward a Higher Degree of Military Professionalism. In Muthiah Alagappa (Ed.), Military Professionalism in Asia: Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives (pp. 61-76). Honolulu: East-West Center.zh_TW
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