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題名 球員在合約年及非合約年績效—以NBA為例
The athletics` efficiency performance before and after signing a new multi-year contract: using NBA as an example.
作者 邱咏平
貢獻者 林良楓
邱咏平
關鍵詞 NBA
運動員效率衡量
資料包絡分析法
合約週期理論
NBA
Data envelopment analysis
Contract cycle theory
Athletic’s efficiency measurement
日期 2010
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 16:39:07 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究使用資料包絡分析法衡量NBA球員之績效值,並探討球員在簽訂複數年合約前後與績效之關聯性,是否有Stiroh(2002)提出之合約年效應,並進而比較NBA官方提供績效值與DEA法計算出之球員績效值何者對於球員薪資具有較佳的解釋能力。
本研究取用2000年至2011年共11年間曾經歷合約到期並再次向球團簽訂複數年合約的184名球員做為樣本;實證結果發現,在控制年齡、年資、提前續約與否、球員位置及先發球員與否後整體技術效率方面及球員每分鐘平均績效值顯示在球員簽約前績效有顯著提高之現象; NBA官方提供績效值與純技術效率簽約前後係數也是負的,雖然未達到統計上顯著水準,因此,本研究結果顯示NBA球員在簽約新約前的確有合約週期現象,亦即為爭取較佳合約球員在簽約前會刻意表現較佳之績效。
此外,根據Vuong Test比較NBA官方提供績效值與DEA法計算出之績效值和球員每分鐘績效值與薪資關聯性的測試結果,顯示由官方提供之績效值對薪資關聯性較高,說明目前NBA官方提供之績效值仍然是球團用來與球員薪資的談判重要參考指標之一。
The research applies Data Envelopment Analysis to examine the NBA players’ efficiency performance before and after signing a new multi-year contract, and whether there exists the Contract Cycle Effect that suggested by Stiroh (2002). The research also tries to compare NBA efficiency score and DEA efficiency score to test which has a higher association with salary.
The samples selected 184 NBA players who signed a new multi-year contract from 2000 to 2011. After controlling the players’ age, seniority, extension, position and starting or not, the empirical results denote that DEA total efficiency score and the NBA efficiency per minute indicate a higher efficiency score before signing a new contract, The NBA official efficiency score and DEA technical efficiency score also reveal a negative coefficient before and after new contract singed, although the statistical test didn’t reach the significant level. The results imply that NBA players do exist the Contract Cycle Effect phenomenon that players will perform better efficiency in order to get a better contract.
The Vuong test results reveal that the official NBA efficiency score has a higher association with salary comparing with DEA efficiency score. The finding suggests that the official efficiency score is one of the major references for the NBA teams on salary arbitration.
參考文獻 一、 中文文獻
王浚宇,2006,NBA外籍球員薪資與績效衡量之關聯性研究,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文。
江志坤,1994,時報鷹職業棒球隊員績效評估之研究-資料包絡分析(DEA)法,國立中山大學企業管理研究所論文。
吳泰毅,2001,我國職棒球員薪資決定因素之探討,國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。
林良楓、夏雯俐,2010,職業運動員重簽薪資與績效之關聯性-以美國MLB為例,第二屆海峽兩岸會計學術研討會。
林良楓、謝嘉峰,2010 ,職業運動員出走年績效評估,兩岸會計及管理研討會, 首都經貿大學。
朱彥碩,2007,你在球場學不到的事:簡釋NBA「薪資問題」,網路專欄圓球城市
翁銘駿,2003,職棒球員薪資決定因素之研究—以中華職棒為例,國立台北大學會計學系碩士論文。
陳光宏,2009,台灣職業棒球員參與國際賽前後績效之比較分析,國立台北大學會計研究所碩士論文。
廖振宏,2006,解析職棒球員在出走年的表現-以美國職棒大聯盟為例,國立清華大學經濟學系碩士論文。
二、 英文文獻
Banker, R. D. A. Charnes and W. W. Cooper. 1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science 30: 1078-1092.
Bloom, M. 1999. The performance effects of pay dispersion on individuals and organizations, Academy of Management Journal, 42(1): 25-40.
Dennis, A. A. and James, B. D. 1991. Player compensation in national football league. The Business of Professional Sports, Board of Trustees of University of Illinois。
Farrell, M. J. 1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A, CXX, 120: 253-281.
Howard, L.W. 1993. Fair pay for fair play: estimating pay equity in professional baseball with data Envelopment analysis. Academy of Management Journal,36(4): 882-894.
Krautmann, A. C. and M. Oppenheimer. 2002. Contract length and the return to performance in major league baseball. Journal of Sports Economics 3; 6.
Krautmann, A. C. and E. Gustafson and L. Hadley. 2003. A note on the structural stability of salary equations: Major league baseball pitchers. Journal of Sports Economics; 4; 56.
Krautmann, A. C. and J. L. Solow. 2009. The dynamics of performance over the duration of major league baseball long-term contracts. Journal of Sports Economics 2009; 10; 6.
Mazur, M. J. 1994. Evaluating the relative efficiency of baseball players. In data envelopment analysis: Theory, methodology, and applications, edited by Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., A.Y. Lewin, and L.M Seiford,. Boston, M.A.: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 31-46.
Meltzer, J. 2005. Average salary and contract length in major league baseball: When do they diverge? Department of Economics, Stanford University, CA.
Scully, G. W., 1974. Pay and performance in major league baseball. The American Economic Review 64:915-930
Sexton, T. R. and H. F. Lewis. 2003. Two-stage DEA: An application to major league baseball. Journal of Productivity Analysis 19: 227-249.
Stiroh, K. J. 2002. Playing for keeps:Pay and performance in the NBA. Walking 2.4 series.
Yilmaz, M. R. and S. Chatterjee, 2003. Salary, performance, and owners’ goals in major league baseball: A view through data, Journal of Managerial Issues, 15(2): 243-255.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
98353038
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353038
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林良楓zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱咏平zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 邱咏平zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 16:39:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 16:39:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 16:39:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098353038en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50787-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98353038zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究使用資料包絡分析法衡量NBA球員之績效值,並探討球員在簽訂複數年合約前後與績效之關聯性,是否有Stiroh(2002)提出之合約年效應,並進而比較NBA官方提供績效值與DEA法計算出之球員績效值何者對於球員薪資具有較佳的解釋能力。
本研究取用2000年至2011年共11年間曾經歷合約到期並再次向球團簽訂複數年合約的184名球員做為樣本;實證結果發現,在控制年齡、年資、提前續約與否、球員位置及先發球員與否後整體技術效率方面及球員每分鐘平均績效值顯示在球員簽約前績效有顯著提高之現象; NBA官方提供績效值與純技術效率簽約前後係數也是負的,雖然未達到統計上顯著水準,因此,本研究結果顯示NBA球員在簽約新約前的確有合約週期現象,亦即為爭取較佳合約球員在簽約前會刻意表現較佳之績效。
此外,根據Vuong Test比較NBA官方提供績效值與DEA法計算出之績效值和球員每分鐘績效值與薪資關聯性的測試結果,顯示由官方提供之績效值對薪資關聯性較高,說明目前NBA官方提供之績效值仍然是球團用來與球員薪資的談判重要參考指標之一。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The research applies Data Envelopment Analysis to examine the NBA players’ efficiency performance before and after signing a new multi-year contract, and whether there exists the Contract Cycle Effect that suggested by Stiroh (2002). The research also tries to compare NBA efficiency score and DEA efficiency score to test which has a higher association with salary.
The samples selected 184 NBA players who signed a new multi-year contract from 2000 to 2011. After controlling the players’ age, seniority, extension, position and starting or not, the empirical results denote that DEA total efficiency score and the NBA efficiency per minute indicate a higher efficiency score before signing a new contract, The NBA official efficiency score and DEA technical efficiency score also reveal a negative coefficient before and after new contract singed, although the statistical test didn’t reach the significant level. The results imply that NBA players do exist the Contract Cycle Effect phenomenon that players will perform better efficiency in order to get a better contract.
The Vuong test results reveal that the official NBA efficiency score has a higher association with salary comparing with DEA efficiency score. The finding suggests that the official efficiency score is one of the major references for the NBA teams on salary arbitration.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 2
第三節 研究架構 3
第二章、文獻探討 6
第一節 NBA薪資重要規定與條款 6
第二節 職業球員績效衡量相關研究 12
第三節 職業球員簽約前後與績效關聯性之相關文獻 15
第四節 球員薪資與績效關聯性之相關文獻 19
第三章 研究方法 28
第一節 樣本選擇與研究假說 28
第二節 研究變數 29
第三節 研究方法 35
第一節 假說一之實證結果分析 39
第二節 假說二之實證結果分析 47
第三節 假說三之實證結果分析 50
第五章 結論與建議 55
第一節 結論 55
第二節 研究建議與限制 56
參考文獻 57
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353038en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NBAzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 運動員效率衡量zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資料包絡分析法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 合約週期理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NBAen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data envelopment analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Contract cycle theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Athletic’s efficiency measurementen_US
dc.title (題名) 球員在合約年及非合約年績效—以NBA為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The athletics` efficiency performance before and after signing a new multi-year contract: using NBA as an example.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王浚宇,2006,NBA外籍球員薪資與績效衡量之關聯性研究,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 江志坤,1994,時報鷹職業棒球隊員績效評估之研究-資料包絡分析(DEA)法,國立中山大學企業管理研究所論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳泰毅,2001,我國職棒球員薪資決定因素之探討,國立台灣師範大學體育研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林良楓、夏雯俐,2010,職業運動員重簽薪資與績效之關聯性-以美國MLB為例,第二屆海峽兩岸會計學術研討會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林良楓、謝嘉峰,2010 ,職業運動員出走年績效評估,兩岸會計及管理研討會, 首都經貿大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 朱彥碩,2007,你在球場學不到的事:簡釋NBA「薪資問題」,網路專欄圓球城市zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁銘駿,2003,職棒球員薪資決定因素之研究—以中華職棒為例,國立台北大學會計學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳光宏,2009,台灣職業棒球員參與國際賽前後績效之比較分析,國立台北大學會計研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖振宏,2006,解析職棒球員在出走年的表現-以美國職棒大聯盟為例,國立清華大學經濟學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 英文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Banker, R. D. A. Charnes and W. W. Cooper. 1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science 30: 1078-1092.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloom, M. 1999. The performance effects of pay dispersion on individuals and organizations, Academy of Management Journal, 42(1): 25-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dennis, A. A. and James, B. D. 1991. Player compensation in national football league. The Business of Professional Sports, Board of Trustees of University of Illinois。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Farrell, M. J. 1957. The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series A, CXX, 120: 253-281.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Howard, L.W. 1993. Fair pay for fair play: estimating pay equity in professional baseball with data Envelopment analysis. Academy of Management Journal,36(4): 882-894.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krautmann, A. C. and M. Oppenheimer. 2002. Contract length and the return to performance in major league baseball. Journal of Sports Economics 3; 6.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krautmann, A. C. and E. Gustafson and L. Hadley. 2003. A note on the structural stability of salary equations: Major league baseball pitchers. Journal of Sports Economics; 4; 56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krautmann, A. C. and J. L. Solow. 2009. The dynamics of performance over the duration of major league baseball long-term contracts. Journal of Sports Economics 2009; 10; 6.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mazur, M. J. 1994. Evaluating the relative efficiency of baseball players. In data envelopment analysis: Theory, methodology, and applications, edited by Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., A.Y. Lewin, and L.M Seiford,. Boston, M.A.: Kluwer Academic Publishers: 31-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Meltzer, J. 2005. Average salary and contract length in major league baseball: When do they diverge? Department of Economics, Stanford University, CA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scully, G. W., 1974. Pay and performance in major league baseball. The American Economic Review 64:915-930zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sexton, T. R. and H. F. Lewis. 2003. Two-stage DEA: An application to major league baseball. Journal of Productivity Analysis 19: 227-249.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stiroh, K. J. 2002. Playing for keeps:Pay and performance in the NBA. Walking 2.4 series.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yilmaz, M. R. and S. Chatterjee, 2003. Salary, performance, and owners’ goals in major league baseball: A view through data, Journal of Managerial Issues, 15(2): 243-255.zh_TW