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題名 影響「市場彈性調整」之因素以及「市場彈性調整」對聯合貸款契約條件之影響
作者 洪培雅
Hung, Pei Ya
貢獻者 張元晨
洪培雅
Hung, Pei Ya
關鍵詞 市場彈性調整
日期 2010
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 16:47:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著企業規模的擴張,大型投資案、跨國併購案等需要龐大的資金,單一銀行貸款已經無法滿足大型企業的需求,此外,銀行、金融機構如雨後春筍的誕生,銀行間殺價競爭的結果是利差下降,銀行獲利困難,銀行為求生存,紛紛興起聯合起來,提供客戶一次性滿足的服務,主貸銀行除了利息收入以外,還增加了手續費收入,參貸銀行可以參與大型公司貸款,與企業建立合作關係,增加知名度,在資金借貸雙方皆獲益的前提下,聯合貸款成為公司尋求資金的一個重要管道。
     
     然而,聯貸案中的參貸銀行卻因為未曾與貸款公司保持長久的合作關係,而有資訊不對稱的情形,參貸銀行認知到這樣的風險,可能要求較高的利息作為補償,此結果與公司尋求聯合貸款的目的背道而馳,因此,聯合貸款案可能因此而失敗。
     
     「市場彈性調整契約」的出現,有效的解決資訊不對稱的情形,銀行可以於未來借款時間,依公司風險調整借款利率,而公司願意簽訂「市場彈性調整契約」也給予市場一個正面的訊息,因此,「市場彈性調整契約」對於聯合貸款有顯著性的影響。
     
     有鑑於此,本文藉由迴歸模型的實證分析,分析影響「市場彈性調整契約」的因素,並且以T檢定,檢視擁有「市場彈性調整契約」的貸款案與沒有擁有「市場彈性調整契約」的貸款案,在貸款契約上有什麼差異,以藉此了解「市場彈性調整契約」對於聯合貸款的影響。實證結果顯示,資訊不對稱的確會影響「市場彈性調整」且擁有「市場彈性調整」的貸款案,其貸款條件與沒有「市場彈性調整」貸款案相比,在統計上有顯著差異。
There are two reasons that syndicated loan market grows so fast in recent decades. The first one is when companies prepare to expand their business through investing other business or conduct merger and acquisition they will need a lot of capital. They are not willing to raise money through many bilateral loans, instead, they hope banks can provide one-stop shopping services so that companies can just negotiate with lead banks, but get enough money. The other reason is that for banks and institutional investors, their profits are squeezed because of too much competitors. Therefore, they are forced to join an alliance to stay survived. For lead bank, through syndicated loan, they can raise their profit by gaining another fee. For participant bank, they can get better reputation by joining syndicated loan.
     
     However, generally, participant bank didn’t maintain long and intimate relationship with companies before joining syndicated loan. Thus, they tend to ask high risk premium for compensation of information asymmetry, which will raise the cost of capital for companies. “Market Flex” emerging in the loan market solve this problem efficiently. It makes lead banks with the right to adjust the loan contracts in the future period. Besides, if companies accept this contracts, the market will interpret that these companies expect themselves will perform better in the future.
     
     We believe “Market Flex” causes have important impact on loan market. Thus, in this article, we attempt to figure out the factors resulting in “Market Flex” using regression model. Moreover, we are also interested in the difference of loan contract before and after the emergence of “Market Flex.” In this research, we use statistical tests to check this effect so that we will know more about the “Market Flex” effect on the loan market. The results show that “Information Asymmetry” indeed has impact on Market Flex and the difference in loan contract caused by Market Flex is significant statistically.
參考文獻 葉美華,2006. 銀行聯合貸款之經營模式與策略研究─以台灣聯貸市場為例
Amir Sufi, 2007. “The Real Effect of Debt Certification: Evidence from the Introduction of Bank Loan Ratings”. The Review of Financial Studies v22 n4:1659~90
Amir Sufi,2007. “ Information Asymmetry and Financing Arrangements: Evidence from Syndicated Loan”. The Journal of Finance Vol. LxII No.2:629~68
Keith Barnish, Steve Miller, and Michael Rushmore, 1997. “The new leveraged loan syndication market”. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Volume 10, Issue 1, pages 79–88, Spring 1997
Bank Update,2008.
Chris Droussiotis,2010. “U.S. Loan Syndications”.
Djankov, S., C. McLiesh, and A. Shleifer, 2007. Private Credit in 129 Countries. Journal of Financial Economics 84:299–329.
Hsueh, L. and Kidwell, S., 1988. Bond Ratings: Are Two Better Than One? Financial Management, Spring 1988, 46-53.
Joel Houston, Jennifer Itzkowitz, and Andy Naranjo, 2007. “ Borrowing beyond Borders: The Geography and Pricing of Syndicated Bank Loans”. Working Paper
Kamphol Panyagometh and Gordon S. Roberts, 2010. “Do Lead Banks Exploit Syndicate Participants? Evidence from Ex Post Risk”. Financial Management Spring 2010: 273~99
Mark Carey and Greg Nini, 2004. “Is the Corporate Loan Market Globally Integrated? A Pricing Puzzle”. Working Paper
Morkoetter, S. and Westerfeld, S., 2008. Rating Model Arbitrage in CDO Markets: An Empirical Analysis. Working Paper Center for Finance No. 66, University of St. Gallen.
Nandy, D., and P. Shao, 2010. “Institutional investment in syndicated loans, working paper”.
Perry, Liu and Evans, 1988. “Bond Rating Discrepancies and the Effect on Municipal Bond Yields”. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, Vol. 30
Reiter and Ziebart, 1991. “Bond yields, ratings, and financial information: Evidence from public utility issues”. Financial Review Volume 26, Issue 1: 45~73
Standard and Poor’s, 2005. Bank Loan and Recovery Ratings: 2005 Fee Schedule and User’s Guide, available at
http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/products/BankLoanRatingUsersGuide2005FeeSchedule.pdf.
Victoria Ivashina, 2009. “Asymmetric information effects on loan spreads”. Journal of Financial Economics 92: 300~19
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財務管理研究所
98357007
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098357007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張元晨zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 洪培雅zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hung, Pei Yaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 洪培雅zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hung, Pei Yaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 16:47:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 16:47:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 16:47:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098357007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50820-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財務管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98357007zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著企業規模的擴張,大型投資案、跨國併購案等需要龐大的資金,單一銀行貸款已經無法滿足大型企業的需求,此外,銀行、金融機構如雨後春筍的誕生,銀行間殺價競爭的結果是利差下降,銀行獲利困難,銀行為求生存,紛紛興起聯合起來,提供客戶一次性滿足的服務,主貸銀行除了利息收入以外,還增加了手續費收入,參貸銀行可以參與大型公司貸款,與企業建立合作關係,增加知名度,在資金借貸雙方皆獲益的前提下,聯合貸款成為公司尋求資金的一個重要管道。
     
     然而,聯貸案中的參貸銀行卻因為未曾與貸款公司保持長久的合作關係,而有資訊不對稱的情形,參貸銀行認知到這樣的風險,可能要求較高的利息作為補償,此結果與公司尋求聯合貸款的目的背道而馳,因此,聯合貸款案可能因此而失敗。
     
     「市場彈性調整契約」的出現,有效的解決資訊不對稱的情形,銀行可以於未來借款時間,依公司風險調整借款利率,而公司願意簽訂「市場彈性調整契約」也給予市場一個正面的訊息,因此,「市場彈性調整契約」對於聯合貸款有顯著性的影響。
     
     有鑑於此,本文藉由迴歸模型的實證分析,分析影響「市場彈性調整契約」的因素,並且以T檢定,檢視擁有「市場彈性調整契約」的貸款案與沒有擁有「市場彈性調整契約」的貸款案,在貸款契約上有什麼差異,以藉此了解「市場彈性調整契約」對於聯合貸款的影響。實證結果顯示,資訊不對稱的確會影響「市場彈性調整」且擁有「市場彈性調整」的貸款案,其貸款條件與沒有「市場彈性調整」貸款案相比,在統計上有顯著差異。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) There are two reasons that syndicated loan market grows so fast in recent decades. The first one is when companies prepare to expand their business through investing other business or conduct merger and acquisition they will need a lot of capital. They are not willing to raise money through many bilateral loans, instead, they hope banks can provide one-stop shopping services so that companies can just negotiate with lead banks, but get enough money. The other reason is that for banks and institutional investors, their profits are squeezed because of too much competitors. Therefore, they are forced to join an alliance to stay survived. For lead bank, through syndicated loan, they can raise their profit by gaining another fee. For participant bank, they can get better reputation by joining syndicated loan.
     
     However, generally, participant bank didn’t maintain long and intimate relationship with companies before joining syndicated loan. Thus, they tend to ask high risk premium for compensation of information asymmetry, which will raise the cost of capital for companies. “Market Flex” emerging in the loan market solve this problem efficiently. It makes lead banks with the right to adjust the loan contracts in the future period. Besides, if companies accept this contracts, the market will interpret that these companies expect themselves will perform better in the future.
     
     We believe “Market Flex” causes have important impact on loan market. Thus, in this article, we attempt to figure out the factors resulting in “Market Flex” using regression model. Moreover, we are also interested in the difference of loan contract before and after the emergence of “Market Flex.” In this research, we use statistical tests to check this effect so that we will know more about the “Market Flex” effect on the loan market. The results show that “Information Asymmetry” indeed has impact on Market Flex and the difference in loan contract caused by Market Flex is significant statistically.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 7
     第一節、 研究動機 7
     第二節、 研究目的 9
     第三節、 研究架構 9
     第貳章 文獻回顧 12
     第一節、 聯合貸款的興起與市場現況 12
     第二節、 槓桿貸款(LEVERAGE LOAN)市場介紹 16
     第三節、 信用評等機構的認證效果 17
     第四節、 信用評等不一致(RATING SPLIT)的市場解讀 19
     第五節、 市場彈性調整(MARKET FLEX) 20
     第參章 研究變數與資料來源 22
     第肆章 研究架構與實證結果 29
     第一節、 研究假說 29
     第二節、 實證研究(一) 30
     一、 主要實證模型 30
     二、 變數說明 30
     三、 實證模型(貸款樣本依彈性調整正負分組) 32
     四、 資料分組實證模型變數說明 32
     五、 實證模型(加入貸款金額) 36
     六、 貸款金額變數說明 36
     第三節、 「市場彈性調整」契約對於聯合貸款契約條件的影響 37
     一、 實證模型 38
     第四節、 配對樣本分析 41
     第五章 結論 45
     參考文獻 48
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098357007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 市場彈性調整zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 影響「市場彈性調整」之因素以及「市場彈性調整」對聯合貸款契約條件之影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 葉美華,2006. 銀行聯合貸款之經營模式與策略研究─以台灣聯貸市場為例zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amir Sufi, 2007. “The Real Effect of Debt Certification: Evidence from the Introduction of Bank Loan Ratings”. The Review of Financial Studies v22 n4:1659~90zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amir Sufi,2007. “ Information Asymmetry and Financing Arrangements: Evidence from Syndicated Loan”. The Journal of Finance Vol. LxII No.2:629~68zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keith Barnish, Steve Miller, and Michael Rushmore, 1997. “The new leveraged loan syndication market”. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Volume 10, Issue 1, pages 79–88, Spring 1997zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bank Update,2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chris Droussiotis,2010. “U.S. Loan Syndications”.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Djankov, S., C. McLiesh, and A. Shleifer, 2007. Private Credit in 129 Countries. Journal of Financial Economics 84:299–329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsueh, L. and Kidwell, S., 1988. Bond Ratings: Are Two Better Than One? Financial Management, Spring 1988, 46-53.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Joel Houston, Jennifer Itzkowitz, and Andy Naranjo, 2007. “ Borrowing beyond Borders: The Geography and Pricing of Syndicated Bank Loans”. Working Paperzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kamphol Panyagometh and Gordon S. Roberts, 2010. “Do Lead Banks Exploit Syndicate Participants? Evidence from Ex Post Risk”. Financial Management Spring 2010: 273~99zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mark Carey and Greg Nini, 2004. “Is the Corporate Loan Market Globally Integrated? A Pricing Puzzle”. Working Paperzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morkoetter, S. and Westerfeld, S., 2008. Rating Model Arbitrage in CDO Markets: An Empirical Analysis. Working Paper Center for Finance No. 66, University of St. Gallen.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nandy, D., and P. Shao, 2010. “Institutional investment in syndicated loans, working paper”.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Perry, Liu and Evans, 1988. “Bond Rating Discrepancies and the Effect on Municipal Bond Yields”. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, Vol. 30zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reiter and Ziebart, 1991. “Bond yields, ratings, and financial information: Evidence from public utility issues”. Financial Review Volume 26, Issue 1: 45~73zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Standard and Poor’s, 2005. Bank Loan and Recovery Ratings: 2005 Fee Schedule and User’s Guide, available atzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/products/BankLoanRatingUsersGuide2005FeeSchedule.pdf.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Victoria Ivashina, 2009. “Asymmetric information effects on loan spreads”. Journal of Financial Economics 92: 300~19zh_TW