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題名 德國統一後高等教育改革之研究
Higher education reform after reunification in Germany
作者 江世琳
Chiang, Shih Lin
貢獻者 張台麟
Chang, Tai Lin
江世琳
Chiang, Shih Lin
關鍵詞 德國統一
高等教育改革
大學理念
波隆那進程
日期 2010
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 18:21:52 (UTC+8)
摘要 高等教育改革在20世紀後不斷推陳出新且成為國家發展的重要項目之一，世界先進國家無不投入大量的經費和研究在發展高等教育上。從德國高等教育國際化的發展來看，市場的要求成了改變高等教育的主要推動力，而各個高等學校國際化的程度也成了大眾選校和評估職業發展的標準。研究發現，德國在統一以後不但高等學校增加，大學生人數也提高，其改革的真正動機就是國際化，目的是為了維持高等教育在歐洲乃至於全球的競爭力。德國統一以後最大的高教改革特色是引入學士碩士兩階段學制以和國際接軌，同時更積極在各校推行績效責任制度和評鑑以提升教學品質和落實辦學成效，最後更藉由擴大學校的自主管理為發展學校特色的手段，用來達到競爭的目的。德國的做法其實並不異於其他國家，而波隆那進程在促進歐洲高等教育區的發展更適時地給予了德國聯邦政府這麼做的理由。德國聯邦政府為了保障其高等教育在歐洲框架下的「地位」，必須將自己放入歐洲高等教育區的系統中，讓德國高等教育的體制與歐洲其他國家的標準相互連接起來。德國聯邦政府認為歐洲高等教育區在未來會是全球化的一個縮影，而德國各邦高等學校願意妥協也是因為意識到唯有將自己放入一個競爭的系統中學校才會更具吸引力。
Reform of higher education continued to emerge in the late 20th century and has become one of the most important developments for a country. Advanced countries around the world have invested a lot of their time in funding, researching and developing their higher educational programs. From an international point of view, the requirements of the workplace are driving the changes in higher educational programs. Indeed, the degree of internationalization in colleges and universities can also affect how a school will be judged by students wanting to develop their professional skills. This study indicates that both the number of higher educational institution and also the number of student enrollments in Germany have been increasing since Reunification. The motivation of the reform is to internationalize the higher educational system with the purpose of maintaining the competitive potential of German students. Germany has opened up access to a new bachelor-master-system in order to more readily connect students to international programs. The new evaluation and accreditation processes have been instituted in order to raise the teaching quality and to ensure the effectiveness of schools. Germany`s approach is not different from other countries. The Bologna Process, which is a guideline for the European Higher Education Area, gave the German Federal Government a reason timely to modernize its higher education system. If the German Federal Government had not addressed the accords, Germany would have lost its stature and fall behind European trends and development within the European Higher Education Area. The German Federal Government is aware that the European Higher Education Area will be a small microcosm of globalization in the future, and local German colleges and universities have also realized that they can be attractive only when they put themselves into a competitive international system.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
歐洲語文學程碩士在職專班(MPES)
95952005
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095952005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張台麟zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Tai Linen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 江世琳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiang, Shih Linen_US
dc.creator (作者) 江世琳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiang, Shih Linen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 18:21:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 18:21:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 18:21:52 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095952005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50984-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 歐洲語文學程碩士在職專班(MPES)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95952005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 高等教育改革在20世紀後不斷推陳出新且成為國家發展的重要項目之一，世界先進國家無不投入大量的經費和研究在發展高等教育上。從德國高等教育國際化的發展來看，市場的要求成了改變高等教育的主要推動力，而各個高等學校國際化的程度也成了大眾選校和評估職業發展的標準。研究發現，德國在統一以後不但高等學校增加，大學生人數也提高，其改革的真正動機就是國際化，目的是為了維持高等教育在歐洲乃至於全球的競爭力。德國統一以後最大的高教改革特色是引入學士碩士兩階段學制以和國際接軌，同時更積極在各校推行績效責任制度和評鑑以提升教學品質和落實辦學成效，最後更藉由擴大學校的自主管理為發展學校特色的手段，用來達到競爭的目的。德國的做法其實並不異於其他國家，而波隆那進程在促進歐洲高等教育區的發展更適時地給予了德國聯邦政府這麼做的理由。德國聯邦政府為了保障其高等教育在歐洲框架下的「地位」，必須將自己放入歐洲高等教育區的系統中，讓德國高等教育的體制與歐洲其他國家的標準相互連接起來。德國聯邦政府認為歐洲高等教育區在未來會是全球化的一個縮影，而德國各邦高等學校願意妥協也是因為意識到唯有將自己放入一個競爭的系統中學校才會更具吸引力。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Reform of higher education continued to emerge in the late 20th century and has become one of the most important developments for a country. Advanced countries around the world have invested a lot of their time in funding, researching and developing their higher educational programs. From an international point of view, the requirements of the workplace are driving the changes in higher educational programs. Indeed, the degree of internationalization in colleges and universities can also affect how a school will be judged by students wanting to develop their professional skills. This study indicates that both the number of higher educational institution and also the number of student enrollments in Germany have been increasing since Reunification. The motivation of the reform is to internationalize the higher educational system with the purpose of maintaining the competitive potential of German students. Germany has opened up access to a new bachelor-master-system in order to more readily connect students to international programs. The new evaluation and accreditation processes have been instituted in order to raise the teaching quality and to ensure the effectiveness of schools. Germany`s approach is not different from other countries. The Bologna Process, which is a guideline for the European Higher Education Area, gave the German Federal Government a reason timely to modernize its higher education system. If the German Federal Government had not addressed the accords, Germany would have lost its stature and fall behind European trends and development within the European Higher Education Area. The German Federal Government is aware that the European Higher Education Area will be a small microcosm of globalization in the future, and local German colleges and universities have also realized that they can be attractive only when they put themselves into a competitive international system.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章、緒論.......................................................................................................................1
     第一節、研究的動機與目的............................................................................................. 1
     第二節、研究的方法與架構...............................................................................................8
     第三節、名詞解釋與研究範圍.........................................................................................11
     第四節、研究的困難與限制.............................................................................................13
     第五節、文獻探討..............................................................................................................14
     
     第貳章、統一前德國高等教育改革之歷史沿革..........................................................36
     第一節、19世紀初的高等教育改革 (1810-1870).........................................................37
     第二節、帝國時期以後的高等教育擴充 (1871-1948).................................................42
     第三節、第二次世界大戰後的高等教育發展 (1948-1960).........................................45
     第四節、20世紀60年代以來的高等教育改革(1960-1990)........................................46
     
     第叁章、統一後德國高等教育之改革...........................................................................51
     第一節、改革的背景.........................................................................................................51
     第二節、改革的核心內容.................................................................................................57
     
     第肆章、德國統一後的高教改革的成效與影響.........................................................70
     第一節、具體發揮的成效.................................................................................................70
     第二節、改革產生的影響.................................................................................................82
     
     第伍節、結論....................................................................................................................92
     
     參考文獻............................................................................................................................ 95		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095952005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德國統一zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高等教育改革zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大學理念zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 波隆那進程zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 德國統一後高等教育改革之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Higher education reform after reunification in Germanyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳秀玲，1996/1/5。〈兩德統一所面臨的結構性問題與調適現況〉，《經濟前瞻》，台北，頁80。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 侯永琪，2007/9。〈突破大學排名困境的新思維-德國高等教育發展中心學門排名〉，《評鑑雙月刊》，第9期，台北，頁44-45。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 梁福鎮，2007/5。〈德國高等教育人才培育國際化的措施〉，《比較教育》，第62期，台北，頁122-132。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊深坑，2005/9。〈全球化衝擊下的教育研究〉，《教育研究集刊》，第51輯第3期，台北，頁12-14。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 梁福鎮，2007/9。〈德國高等教育的改革〉，《教育資料集刊》，第35輯，台北，頁1-20。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蓋浙生，2004/6。〈台灣高等教育市場化政策導向之檢視〉，《教育研究集刊》，第50輯第2期，台北，頁32。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 四、官方資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中華明國教育部，2008。〈德國學制圖〉《教育統計指標之國際比較》，附錄：附4-9。〈http://www.edu.tw/statistics/content.aspx?site_content_sn=15858〉zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schriewer, Jürgen, 2009 Summer. “Rationalized Myths in European Higher Education – The construction and Diffusion of the Bologna Model”, European Education, Vol. 41, No.2, pp. 31-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 五、研討會論文zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 西文資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brubacher, John, 1982. On the Philosophy of Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, p. 2.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ellwein, Thomas, 1985. Die deutsche Universität- vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Königstein/Ts.: Athenäum.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Random House, 2000. Random House Webster’s College Dictionary. New York: Random House.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Robertson, Roland, 1992. Globalization: Social theory and global culture, London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rudy, Wllis, 1984. The Universities of Europe, 1100-1914: a history. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, Inc., pp.50-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rüegg, Walter, 1992. Universities in the middle age. Ed. Hilde de Ridder-Symoens. New York : Cambridge University Press, p. 5.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rüegg, Walter, 2004. Universities in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1800-1945). Ed. Walter Rüegg. New York : Cambridge University Press, pp. 5-6.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Salamun, Kurt, 2006. Karl Jaspers. Würzburg: Verlag Koenigshausen & Neumann GmbH, p. 116.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teichler, Ulrich, 2003. “Die Master-Stufe an Hochschulen in Europa – Problem und Chance.” Das Hochschulwesen, Vol. 51, Heft 5, pp. 174-182.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teichler, Ulrich, 1988. Changing Patterns of the Higher Education System. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp. 19-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The World Bank and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Higher Education in Developing Countries- Peril and Promise, New York: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank, 2000, p. 44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Water, Malcolm, 1995, Globalization, New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Welbers, Ulrich, Olaf Gaus, Bianca Wagner (Mitarbeit), 2005., The Shift from Teaching to Learning. Konstruktionsbedungen eines Ideals. Für Johannes Wildt zum 60. Geburtstag. Bielefeld: W. Bertelsmann Verlag.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Helga A. Welsh, 2002. Disentangling the Roform Gridlock: Higher Education in Germany, CES Germany & Europe Working Paper, no. 02.7, 2002. Harvard University, Center for European Studies, Program for the Study of Germany and European Working Papers Series, 2002, pp.1-19.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) White, Paul, 2003. Thomas Hexley: making the” man of science”. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, p. 55 & p. 69.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、專書論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hamm, Edda M., 2004. “Heft 9: Die Universitätkonzeption Wilhelm von Humboldts. Zur Aktualität eines Bildungsideals für die Berufsvorbereitung von Studierenden,” Hrg. Dr. Harro Honolka, Schriftenreihe des Instituts Student und Arbeitsmarkt an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. München: Institut Student und Arbeitsmarkt an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heine, Christoph, Julia Willich, Heidrun Schneider, Dieter, 2008 Sommer. “Studenanfänger im Wintersemester 2007/2008. Wege zum Studium, Studien- und Hochschulwahl, Situation bei Studienbeginn.” HIS: Forum Hochschule, Hochschul Informations System GmbH, 2008/16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Humboldt, W, 2002. “Antrag auf Errichtung der Universität Berlin,” in A. Flitner und Klaus Giel, Hrsg., Wilhelm von Humboldt. Werke in fünf Bänden. Band 4. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tomusk, Voldemar, 2008 Summer. “The Bologna Process and the Enlightenment Project”, European Education, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 9-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krücken, Georg, 2004. “Wettbewerb als Reformpolitik: De- oder Re-Regulierung des deutschen Hochschulsystems?” in: Beyer, Jürgen/ Stykow, Petra (Hg.) Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Hoffnung. Reformfähigkeit und die Möglichkeit rationaler Politik. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 337-356.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roland Robertson, 2000. “Social Theory, Cultural Relativity and the Problem of Globality”. Culture, globalization, and the world-system. Ed. By Anthony D. King. Contemporary Conditions for the Representationof Identity. Regents of the University of Minnesota, p. 76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schiedemair, Hartmut, 2002. “Ist die Universitätsidee von Wilhelm von Humboldt tot?”,in Wolfgang Bergsdorf, ed., Erfurter Universitätsreden. München: Iudicium Verlag GmbH.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teichler, Ulrich, 2006. “Coordination measures of study in Europe. Between the Scylla of harmonization and the Charybdis of diversification.” In: Löfgren, Kent (Hg.): ECTS and Assessment in Higher Education. Conference Proceedings: pp. 124-128.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teichmann, Wieland. “ABC der Hochschulreform: Überblick über wichtige Begriffe und Akteure.” Hrg. Koordinationsbüro Leistungspunkte Wieland Teichmann. BLK-Verbundprojekt Leistungspunkte Universität Mannheim.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Winter, Martin, 2009. “Das neue Studieren, Chance, Risiken, Nebenwirkungen der Studienstrukturreform: Zwischenbilianz zum Bologna-Prozess in Deutschland”, HOF-Arbeitsbericht 1/2009 Institut für Hochschulforschung Wittenberg an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg, Wittenberg 2009/91 S, pp. 81-82.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Altbach, Philip G. & Jane Knight, 2007/9. ”The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities”, Journal of Studies in International Education, Vol. 11. pp. 290-292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ash, Mitchell G., 2006. “Bachelor of What, Master of Whom, the Humboldt Myth and Historical Transformations of Higher Education in German-Speaking Europe and the US,” European Journal of Education, Vol 41, No.2, pp. 245-267.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Calder III, William M., 1998/Summer, “How are American universities german?” Internation Journal of the Classical Tradition, Vol.5, Issue 1, pp.97-103.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Uniting German Higher Education”, Change, 1990/Nov/Dec, Vol. 22 Issue 6, pp. 39-45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) El-Khawas, Elaine, 1990/Nov/Dec. “Uniting German Higher Education Issues Old and New”, Change, Vol 22, Issue 6, pp. 39-45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Etzioni, Amitai, "The Epigenesis of Political Communities at the International Level”. The American Journal of Sociology. Vol. LXVIII, No. 4, January 1963, pp. 407-421.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Göztepe-Çelebi, Ece, Freia Stallmann & Annette Zimmer, 2002. “Looking back: Higher Education Reform in German,” German Policy Studies/Politikfeldanalyse, Vol. 2 Issue 3.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Interviewed by Kai-Alexander Schlevogt. “Supranational visionary and builder of Euroland: Former German Chancellor Dr. Helmt Kohl on the euro’s significance for Germany and its neighbors”. Academy of Management. Vol. 16, No. 1, Theme: Focusing on the Positive and Avoiding the Negative (February 2002), p. 8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keeling, Ruth , 2006. “The Bologna Process and the Lisbon Research Agenda: the European Commission’s expanding role in higher education discourse.” European Journal of Education, Vol. 41, 2, pp. 203-223.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lernhardt, Gero, Manfred, 2009. “Gebildete Stände oder gebildete Bürger. Hochschulbildung und Elitevorstellungen in Deutschland und in den USA.” Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, Vol. 55, Heft 2, pp. 244-257.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Müller, Anselm Winfried, 2000. “Die gute Universität als Thema der Ethik”, in Anselm Winfried Müller u. Rainer Hettich (Hrsg.), Die gute Universität. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, pp.31.-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Perkin, Harold, 2006. “History of Universities”. International Handbook of Higher Education. Vol. 18. 1, pp.159-205.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pritchard, Rosalind M.O., 2002. “Was East German Education a Victim of West German Colonisation after Unification?”, Compare, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. 47.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reichard, Christoph. 2002. Marketization of Public Services in Germany. International Public Magement Review. Vol.3 Issue 2, 2002, p.63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waterkamp, Dietmar, 2009/2010 Winter. “Education in Germany – Twenty Years After the End of the German Democratic Republic”, European Education, Vol.41, No.4, pp. 8-23.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 四、 研討會論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫本治，2001。《全球化與民族國家-挑戰與回應》。台北：巨流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edel, Karl-Otto, 2006/11/28. “Marksteine des Wandels 1810-2010: Zwei Jahrhunderte Hochschulreform,” paper presented at the Conference with Subject ‘Universitäre Monokultur verordnet, Thesen zur Akademischen Bildung in Deutschland.’ Brandenburg: Fachhochschule Brandenburg. pp.7-8.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 五、官方文件zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2005. “Hochschulrahmengesetz (HRG)”, p. 33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2008. “Bundesbericht zur Förderung des Wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses (BuWIN)”, Hochschulrahmengesetz , Bonn Berlin, p. 41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010a. Hochschule (高等教育). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010b. Exzellenzinitiative(發展卓越). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010c. Förderung(頂尖大學的補助). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010d. Hochschulpakt(高等學校協定). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010e. Hochschulzulassung(大學入學). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010f. Bologna-Prozess (波隆那進程). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 馬信行，1986。《教育社會學》。台北：桂冠出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010g. Juniorprofessur(初級教授制). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010h. Nachwuchsföderung(後進提攜). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschungzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010i. Studiende erwarten Qualität fürs Geld(大學生期待徵收學費能帶來品質). Pressmitteilung 187/2008. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010j. Internationale Austausch- und Kooperationsprogramme. (國際交換與合作計畫)Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BMBF, 2010k. Internationalisierung der Hochschulen. (高等教育國際化)Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2002 Teil 1, Nr. 11. Ausgegeben zu Bonn am 22. Februar 2002.zh_TW