Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 史達林格勒戰役的再評價
A reevaluation of the battle of stalingrad
作者 阮相偉
Ruan, Xiang Wei
貢獻者 林永芳
阮相偉
Ruan, Xiang Wei
關鍵詞 史達林格勒
高加索
德蘇戰爭
第二次世界大戰
日期 2009
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 18:35:19 (UTC+8)
摘要   本文探討史達林格勒戰役的再評價。透過描述史達林格勒戰役中,德國與蘇聯在戰爭過程當中的決策與關鍵因素,進一步解釋其對於此戰役的影響。全文圍繞著三個討論主題,分別為蘇聯逆轉勝的原因為何?德國戰敗的原因又有哪些?戰役的結果又產生什麼影響?
     
       以戰爭史的角度來評價史達林格勒戰役,發現德軍在起初是以經濟為發動此場戰役的考量,但在蘇聯反抗的決心、英美國家對蘇聯提供物資的援助下,使得戰況逐漸對蘇軍有利;也因為德軍在蘇聯戰略目標的不確定、德軍堅持要守住史達林格勒與希特勒錯估戰況的情形下,造成蘇軍最後的獲勝。而這場戰役也帶來許多結果,德國在二次大戰的強勢受到挫折,蘇聯則成功提高自己在同盟國的地位,也間接造成二次大戰後的冷戰局面。
  This thesis reevaluates the battle of Stalingrad. Through the description of the historical circumstances of this battle, this study analyzes some of the key factors and strategic decisions made by the Germans and Soviets. Discussion focuses on three major subjects, including how the Soviets victoriously changed the course of war, why Germany lost and the subsequent impact after the conclusion of the battle.
     
       This study reevaluates the battle of Stalingrad from the perspective of war history and discovers that economic considerations initially led Germany to start the battle. However, due to the Soviets determination to resist, along with the material support provided by the UK and the USA, the Soviets gradually gained the upper hand. Moreover, because of German’s uncertainty about the Soviet strategy, their insistence upon holding Stalingrad and Hitler’s mistaken battle strategy, the Soviet red army was finally victorious. This battle had a number of important consequences. For instance, Germany lost its position of advantage in the war and the Soviets increased their status within the allied nations. Furthermore, this battle indirectly led to the cold war which began after World War II.
參考文獻 一、書籍
Beevor, Antony, Berlin: The Downfall 1945 (London : Penguin 2002).
Beevor, Antony, Stalingrad (London : Penguin 1999).
Bernd, Wegner, Germany and the Second World War (Clarendon Press: Oxford 2001)
Clark, Alan, Barbarossa : The Russian-German Conflict, 1941-45(New York : Morrow, 1965).
Craig, William, Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad (New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, inc, 1973).
Dallek, Robert, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979).
Deist, Wilhelm, “The Build-up of German Aggression”in the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Research Institute for Military History, Germany and the Second World War(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990).
Dobson, A. P., US Wartime Aid to Britain(London: Croom Helm, 1986).
E. Sherwood, Robert, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History, rev. ed. (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1950).
Erickson, John, The Road to Berlin (London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983).
Nikolaieff, A. M., “The Red Army in the Second World War” Russian Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Autumn, 1947), pp. 49-60.
Overy, R. J., “Hitler and Air Strategy” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Jul., 1980), pp. 405-421.
Rotundo, Louis, “The Creation of Soviet Reserves and the 1941 Campaign” Military Affairs, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 21-28.
Stolfi, Russel H. S., “Barbarossa Revisited: A Critical Reappraisal of the Opening Stages of the Russo-German Campaign (June-December 1941),” The Journal of Modern History, Vol 54, No.1 (March, 1982)
Sunseri, Alvin R., “Patrick J. Hurley at the Battle of Stalingrad: An Oral History Interview” Military Affairs, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Apr., 1986), pp. 88-92.
Warner, Geoffrey, “From Pearl Harbour to Stalingrad: Germany and Its Allies in 1942” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 54, No. 2(Apr., 1978), pp. 282-292.
Wegner, Bernd, “The road to defeat: The German campaigns in Russia 1941-43,”Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 13,No. 1 (March 1990).
三、網路資料
Волгоград-инфо, региональный интернет-портал, география.http://volgograd.info/geo/ (2010/06/21)
Портал Волгограда, о городе. http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPCity/CityHistory.aspx (2010/06/25)
F. Kimball, Warren, The Juggler: Franklin Roosevelt as Wartime Statesman(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991).
Ольга Редичкина, Павел Аптекарь, Вениамин Гинодман и Надежда Магницкая, “Путешествие из Волгограда в Сталинград, ” Газета, №133(2004), с.1. (2010/06/24)
Ольга Редичкина, Павел Аптекарь, Вениамин Гинодман и Надежда Магницкая, “Путешествие из Волгограда в Сталинград, ” Газета, №133(2004), с.1. (2010/06/24)
Портал Волгограда, о городе. http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPCity/CityHistory.aspx (2010/06/25)
Сталинград. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lsK-Ss4--94J:www.volsu.ru/rus/sorry2.html+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&cd=11&hl=zh-TW&ct=clnk&gl=tw (2010/06/24)
Портал Волгограда, о городе. http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPCity/CityHistory.aspx (2010/06/25)
Feis, Herbert, Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957).
Gerd, Niepold, Battle for White Russia (London:Brasseys, 1984).
Glantz, David M., Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War (London ; Portland, Or. : F. Cass, 1989).
Göerlitz, Walter, Paulus and Stalingrad (Methuen: London 1963).
Harrison, M., Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 1938-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
Hart, Liddell, The Other Side of the Hill:Germany’s Generals, Their Rise and Fall, with Their Own Account of Military Events (London : Cassell).
Hayward, Joel S. A., Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler`s Defeat in the East, 1942-1943, (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 1998).
Hilger, Gustav, and Alfred G. Meyer, The Incompatible Allies : A Memoir-History of German-Soviet Relations, 1918-1941 (New York : Hafner Publishing Company, 1971).
Hill, Alexander, “Stalin and the West” in Gordon Martel, A Companion to International History 1900-2001 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007).
Irving L., Janis, Victims of groupthink; a psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes (Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1972)
Irving, David, Goring: A Biography (London: Macmillan, 1989).
Irving, David, Hitler`s War (London: Papermac, 1983).
Jeremy, Noake, “Hitler and‘Lebensraum’in the East,”World Wars in-depth BBC (November 2009).
Jones,R. H., The Roads to Russia: United States Lend- Lease to the Soviet Union (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969).
Jukes, Geoffrey, Hitler’s Stalingrad Decisions (University of California Press : Berkeley 1985).
Jukes, Geoffrey, Stalingrad: The Turning Point (New York : Ballantine Books 1968).
Keegan, John, The Mask of Command (USA: Penguin , 1989).
Kehrig, Manfred, Stalingrad (Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt: Stuttgart, 1974).
Kemp, Paul, Convoy!Drama in Arctic Waters (London: Brockhampton Press, 1999).
Kerr, Walter, The Secret of Stalingrad (New York: Doubleday, 1978).
Lewin, Ronald, Hitler’s Mistakes: New Insights into What Made Hitler Tick (New York : William Morrow & Company, 1986).
Macmillan, Harold, War Diaries: Politics and War in the Mediterranean, January
1943-May 1945 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1984).
Mastny, Vojtech, Russia”s Road to the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979).
Michel, Henri, The Second World War (London: HarperCollins Distribution Services, 1975).
Mitcham, Samuel W., Men of the Luftwaffe (Novato, California, USA:Presidio Press, 1988).
Morzik, Fritz, German Air Force Airlift Operations, (New York: Arno Press, 2002).
Nadeau, Remi, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt Divide Europe (New York: Praeger, 1990).
Noakes, Jeremy, and Geoffrey Pridham, Document On Nazism, 1919-1945 (New York: The Viking Press, 1975).
Overy, Richard, Why the Allies Won (London : Jonathan Cape 1995).
Reynolds, David, Warren F. Kimball, and Alexander O. Chubarian, Allies at War: The Soviet, American, and British Experience, 1939-1945 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1994).
Rich, Norman, Hitler`s War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion (London: Norton, 1992).
Schroter, Heinz, Stalingrad (New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, inc, 1958).
Seaton, Albert, The Russo-German War, 1941–45 (London Arthur : Barker 1971).
Seward, Desmond, Napoleon and Hitler : A Comparative Biography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989).
Warlimont, Walter, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters, 1934-45 (California : Presidio press, 1991).
Werth, Alexander, Russia at War, 1941-1945 (New York : Avon Books, 1970).
Wilmot, Chester, The Struggle for Europe (New York : Harper & Brothers Pub, 1952).
Ziemke, Earl F., and Magna E. Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad: Decision in the East (Defense Dept., Army, Center of Military History, 1987).
Zhang, Shu Guang, Deterrence and Strategic Culture (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992).
Anders, Wladyslaw著,鈕先鍾譯,《希特勒征俄之役》,(台北:麥田出版,1994)。
Anderson, Duncan、Lloyd Clark、Stephen Walsh合著,趙宇清、孫玉澄譯,《東線戰場》,(台北:胡桃木文化,2007)。
Anderson, Duncan著,趙玉、錢澄譯,《第三帝國的滅亡》,(台北:知書房出版社,2004)。
Bagramyan, Khristoforovich著,寧清民等譯,《戰爭是這樣開始的》,(北京:軍事譯文出版社,1984)。
Cooper, Matthew著,李長浩譯,納粹如何對付蘇俄游擊隊,(台北:黎明,1982)。
Fuller, J.F.C.著,《西洋世界軍事史》,鈕先鍾譯。(台北:麥田出版社,1998)。
Fuller, J.F.C.著,《戰爭指導》,鈕先鍾譯。(台北:軍事譯粹社,1981)。
Guderian, Heinz著,鈕先鍾譯,《閃擊英雄》,(台北:軍事譯粹社,1982)。
Haffner, Sebastian, 著,周全譯,從俾斯麥到希特勒:回顧德意志國(台北:左岸文化,2009)。
Hart, B. H. Liddell 著,鈕先鍾譯,戰略論:間接路線,(台北:麥田,2007)。
Hart, B. H. Liddell著,鈕先鍾譯,沙漠之狐隆美爾:隆美爾戰時文件,(台北:星光,1994)。
Hart, Basil H. Liddell著,鈕先鍾譯,《第二次世界大戰史》全三冊,(台北:麥田,1995)。
Hoyt, Edwin P.著,施孝瑋譯,納粹飛鷹:戈林與德國空軍(ANGELS OF DEATH:Goering’s Luftwaffe)(台北:麥田,1995)。
Jost Dulffer著,朱章才譯,二次大戰與兩極世界的形成:一九四五年二月四日,雅爾達(Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die Entstehung der bipolaren Welt Jalta, 4. Februar 1945(台北:麥田,2000)。
Jukes, Geoffrey著,袁亦寧、王孝存譯,《史達林格勒之戰 歐戰的轉捩點》,(台北:星光出版社,2001)
Macksey, Kenneth著,國防部史政編譯室譯,《第二次世界大戰發生之軍事錯誤》,(台北:史政編譯室,2005)
Pois, Robert, and Philip Langer 著,《戰爭中的指揮錯誤》,(台北:國防部史政編譯室,2008)
Von Manstein, Erich著,鈕先鍾譯,《失去的勝利》,(台北:軍事譯粹社,1978)。
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich著《朱可夫回憶錄》,(上、下冊)(國防部史政編譯局譯印,1979)。
Анисимов, И. В.、Г. В Кузьмин合著,王復加譯,蘇聯偉大衛國戰爭簡史(北京:時代,1953)。
鈕先鍾著,《西方戰略思想史》,(台北:麥田出版社,1995)。
鈕先鍾著,《西方戰略思想史》,(台北:麥田出版社,1999)。
熊偉民,希特勒:註定失敗的賭注,(台北:世潮,2001)。
德國軍事研究協會著,鈕先鍾譯,第二次世界大戰決定性會戰,(台北:星光,2003)。
霍斯特.蕭伯特著,滕昕雲譯,史達林格勒:48公里,(台北:老戰友,2004)。
鮑里斯.季瓦莫維奇.索科洛夫著,張鳳,賈梁豫譯,二戰秘密檔案(Тайны Второй Мировой)(北京:中國廣播電視,2000)。
賽巴斯提安.哈夫納(Sebastian Haffner)著,周全譯,從俾斯麥到希特勒:回顧德意志國(台北:左岸文化,2008)。
А.Б. Широкорад, Корабли и катера ВМФ СССР 1939-45 гг.(Минск: Харвест, 2002).
И. Д. Спасский, История отечественного судостроения в пяти томах, Том Ⅳ, Судостроение в период первых пятилеток и великой отечественной войны 1925-1945 гг.(Санкт-Петербург: Судостроение, 1996).
Ларинцев Р. И., Ленд-лизовские поставки на Северный флот и их эффективность, в книге Война в Арктике , М.Н. Супрун,(Архангельск: Правда Севера, 2001).
Усенко Н. В., Бородин Н. И., Русский архив: Великая Отечественная: Приказы и директивы народного комиссара ВМФ в ВОВ. Том 21 (10)(Москва: Терра, 1996)。
二、期刊
Baird, Jay W., “The Myth of Stalingrad” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 4, No. 3, Urbanism (Jul., 1969), pp. 187-204.
Erickson, John, “New Thinking about the Eastern Front in World War II” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Apr., 1992), pp. 283-292.
Erickson, John, “The Soviet Union at War (1941-1945): An Essay on Sources and Studies” Soviet Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Jan., 1963), pp. 249-274.
Farrell, Brian P., “Yes, Prime Minister: Barbarossa, Whipcord, and the Basis of British Grand Strategy, Autumn 1941,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 57, No. 4 (October 1993).
Fenyo, Mario, “The Allied Axis Armies and Stalingrad” Military Affairs, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Summer, 1965), pp. 57-72.
Glantz, David M., “Soviet Military Strategy during the Second Period of War (November 1942-December 1943): A Reappraisal” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 115-150.
Glantz, David M., “The Red Army at War, 1941-1945: Sources and Interpretations” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Jul., 1998), pp. 595-617.
Hayward, Joel, “Hitler`s Quest for Oil: The Impact of Economic Considerations on Military Strategy, 1941-42”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4 (December 1995), pp. 94-135.
Hayward, Joel, “Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift”, Airpower Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring 1997), pp. 21-37.
Hayward, Joel, “Too Little, Too Late: An Analysis of Hitler`s Failure in August 1942 to Damage Soviet Oil Production” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 64, No. 3 (Jul., 2000), pp. 769~794.
Hill, Alexander, “British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 - June 1942” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 71, No. 3 (Jul., 2007), pp. 773-808.
Hill, Alexander, “The Birth of the Soviet Northern Fleet, 1937-1942,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Vol. 16(June 2003), pp.70-71.
Hill, Alexander,“British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 June 1942 British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941-June 1942,”The Journal of Military History, Vol. 71, No. 3 (Jul., 2007)
Kimball, Warren F., “Stalingrad: A Chance for Choices” The Journal of Military History Vol. 60, No.1 (Jan,1996), PP. 89-114.
Knox, MacGregor, “1 October 1942: Adolf Hitler, Wehrmacht Officer Policy, and Social Revolution” The Historical Journal, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Sep., 2000), pp. 801-825.
Levine, Alan J., “Was World War II a Near-Run Thing?” The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 1985).
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
96263010
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096263010
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 阮相偉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Ruan, Xiang Weien_US
dc.creator (作者) 阮相偉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Ruan, Xiang Weien_US
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 18:35:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 18:35:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 18:35:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096263010en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51093-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96263010zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   本文探討史達林格勒戰役的再評價。透過描述史達林格勒戰役中,德國與蘇聯在戰爭過程當中的決策與關鍵因素,進一步解釋其對於此戰役的影響。全文圍繞著三個討論主題,分別為蘇聯逆轉勝的原因為何?德國戰敗的原因又有哪些?戰役的結果又產生什麼影響?
     
       以戰爭史的角度來評價史達林格勒戰役,發現德軍在起初是以經濟為發動此場戰役的考量,但在蘇聯反抗的決心、英美國家對蘇聯提供物資的援助下,使得戰況逐漸對蘇軍有利;也因為德軍在蘇聯戰略目標的不確定、德軍堅持要守住史達林格勒與希特勒錯估戰況的情形下,造成蘇軍最後的獲勝。而這場戰役也帶來許多結果,德國在二次大戰的強勢受到挫折,蘇聯則成功提高自己在同盟國的地位,也間接造成二次大戰後的冷戰局面。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   This thesis reevaluates the battle of Stalingrad. Through the description of the historical circumstances of this battle, this study analyzes some of the key factors and strategic decisions made by the Germans and Soviets. Discussion focuses on three major subjects, including how the Soviets victoriously changed the course of war, why Germany lost and the subsequent impact after the conclusion of the battle.
     
       This study reevaluates the battle of Stalingrad from the perspective of war history and discovers that economic considerations initially led Germany to start the battle. However, due to the Soviets determination to resist, along with the material support provided by the UK and the USA, the Soviets gradually gained the upper hand. Moreover, because of German’s uncertainty about the Soviet strategy, their insistence upon holding Stalingrad and Hitler’s mistaken battle strategy, the Soviet red army was finally victorious. This battle had a number of important consequences. For instance, Germany lost its position of advantage in the war and the Soviets increased their status within the allied nations. Furthermore, this battle indirectly led to the cold war which began after World War II.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的                      1
     第二節 研究途徑與方法                     3
     第三節 研究範圍與限制                     4
     第四節 文獻回顧                        6
     第五節 章節架構                        12
     
     第二章 史達林格勒戰役的源起與經過               15
       第一節 戰役的源起                     15
       第二節 戰役的經過                        第三節 小結                        39
     
     第三章 蘇聯的逆轉戰局                     41
       第一節 能源對戰爭的影響                  41
       第二節 蘇聯的負隅頑抗                   58
       第三節 英美的援助                     63
      第四節 小結                        78
     
     第四章 德國的戰敗                       80
       第一節 德國戰略目標的不明確                80
       第二節 堅守史達林格勒的錯誤                92
       第三節 希特勒的誤判情勢                 102
      第四節 小結                       113
     
     第五章 史達林格勒戰役所帶來的影響            117
       第一節 史達林格勒戰役對戰後世界的影響         117
       第二節 史達林格勒戰役的重要性          131
       第三節 小結                       138
     
     第六章 結論                         139
     
     參考文獻                           142
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096263010en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 史達林格勒zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高加索zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德蘇戰爭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 第二次世界大戰zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 史達林格勒戰役的再評價zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A reevaluation of the battle of stalingraden_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beevor, Antony, Berlin: The Downfall 1945 (London : Penguin 2002).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beevor, Antony, Stalingrad (London : Penguin 1999).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernd, Wegner, Germany and the Second World War (Clarendon Press: Oxford 2001)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, Alan, Barbarossa : The Russian-German Conflict, 1941-45(New York : Morrow, 1965).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craig, William, Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad (New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, inc, 1973).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dallek, Robert, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deist, Wilhelm, “The Build-up of German Aggression”in the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Research Institute for Military History, Germany and the Second World War(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dobson, A. P., US Wartime Aid to Britain(London: Croom Helm, 1986).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) E. Sherwood, Robert, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History, rev. ed. (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1950).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Erickson, John, The Road to Berlin (London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nikolaieff, A. M., “The Red Army in the Second World War” Russian Review, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Autumn, 1947), pp. 49-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Overy, R. J., “Hitler and Air Strategy” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Jul., 1980), pp. 405-421.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rotundo, Louis, “The Creation of Soviet Reserves and the 1941 Campaign” Military Affairs, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 21-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stolfi, Russel H. S., “Barbarossa Revisited: A Critical Reappraisal of the Opening Stages of the Russo-German Campaign (June-December 1941),” The Journal of Modern History, Vol 54, No.1 (March, 1982)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sunseri, Alvin R., “Patrick J. Hurley at the Battle of Stalingrad: An Oral History Interview” Military Affairs, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Apr., 1986), pp. 88-92.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Warner, Geoffrey, “From Pearl Harbour to Stalingrad: Germany and Its Allies in 1942” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 54, No. 2(Apr., 1978), pp. 282-292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wegner, Bernd, “The road to defeat: The German campaigns in Russia 1941-43,”Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 13,No. 1 (March 1990).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、網路資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Волгоград-инфо, региональный интернет-портал, география.http://volgograd.info/geo/ (2010/06/21)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Портал Волгограда, о городе. http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPCity/CityHistory.aspx (2010/06/25)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) F. Kimball, Warren, The Juggler: Franklin Roosevelt as Wartime Statesman(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ольга Редичкина, Павел Аптекарь, Вениамин Гинодман и Надежда Магницкая, “Путешествие из Волгограда в Сталинград, ” Газета, №133(2004), с.1. (2010/06/24)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ольга Редичкина, Павел Аптекарь, Вениамин Гинодман и Надежда Магницкая, “Путешествие из Волгограда в Сталинград, ” Газета, №133(2004), с.1. (2010/06/24)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Портал Волгограда, о городе. http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPCity/CityHistory.aspx (2010/06/25)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Сталинград. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lsK-Ss4--94J:www.volsu.ru/rus/sorry2.html+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&cd=11&hl=zh-TW&ct=clnk&gl=tw (2010/06/24)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Портал Волгограда, о городе. http://www.volgadmin.ru/ru/MPCity/CityHistory.aspx (2010/06/25)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feis, Herbert, Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gerd, Niepold, Battle for White Russia (London:Brasseys, 1984).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glantz, David M., Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War (London ; Portland, Or. : F. Cass, 1989).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Göerlitz, Walter, Paulus and Stalingrad (Methuen: London 1963).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harrison, M., Soviet Planning in Peace and War, 1938-1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hart, Liddell, The Other Side of the Hill:Germany’s Generals, Their Rise and Fall, with Their Own Account of Military Events (London : Cassell).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hayward, Joel S. A., Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler`s Defeat in the East, 1942-1943, (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 1998).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hilger, Gustav, and Alfred G. Meyer, The Incompatible Allies : A Memoir-History of German-Soviet Relations, 1918-1941 (New York : Hafner Publishing Company, 1971).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, Alexander, “Stalin and the West” in Gordon Martel, A Companion to International History 1900-2001 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Irving L., Janis, Victims of groupthink; a psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes (Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 1972)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Irving, David, Goring: A Biography (London: Macmillan, 1989).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Irving, David, Hitler`s War (London: Papermac, 1983).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jeremy, Noake, “Hitler and‘Lebensraum’in the East,”World Wars in-depth BBC (November 2009).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jones,R. H., The Roads to Russia: United States Lend- Lease to the Soviet Union (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jukes, Geoffrey, Hitler’s Stalingrad Decisions (University of California Press : Berkeley 1985).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jukes, Geoffrey, Stalingrad: The Turning Point (New York : Ballantine Books 1968).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keegan, John, The Mask of Command (USA: Penguin , 1989).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kehrig, Manfred, Stalingrad (Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt: Stuttgart, 1974).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kemp, Paul, Convoy!Drama in Arctic Waters (London: Brockhampton Press, 1999).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kerr, Walter, The Secret of Stalingrad (New York: Doubleday, 1978).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lewin, Ronald, Hitler’s Mistakes: New Insights into What Made Hitler Tick (New York : William Morrow & Company, 1986).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Macmillan, Harold, War Diaries: Politics and War in the Mediterranean, Januaryzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1943-May 1945 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1984).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mastny, Vojtech, Russia”s Road to the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Michel, Henri, The Second World War (London: HarperCollins Distribution Services, 1975).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mitcham, Samuel W., Men of the Luftwaffe (Novato, California, USA:Presidio Press, 1988).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morzik, Fritz, German Air Force Airlift Operations, (New York: Arno Press, 2002).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nadeau, Remi, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt Divide Europe (New York: Praeger, 1990).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Noakes, Jeremy, and Geoffrey Pridham, Document On Nazism, 1919-1945 (New York: The Viking Press, 1975).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Overy, Richard, Why the Allies Won (London : Jonathan Cape 1995).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reynolds, David, Warren F. Kimball, and Alexander O. Chubarian, Allies at War: The Soviet, American, and British Experience, 1939-1945 (New York: St. Martin’s, 1994).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rich, Norman, Hitler`s War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion (London: Norton, 1992).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schroter, Heinz, Stalingrad (New York: E. P. Dutton & Company, inc, 1958).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Seaton, Albert, The Russo-German War, 1941–45 (London Arthur : Barker 1971).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Seward, Desmond, Napoleon and Hitler : A Comparative Biography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Warlimont, Walter, Inside Hitler’s Headquarters, 1934-45 (California : Presidio press, 1991).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Werth, Alexander, Russia at War, 1941-1945 (New York : Avon Books, 1970).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilmot, Chester, The Struggle for Europe (New York : Harper & Brothers Pub, 1952).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ziemke, Earl F., and Magna E. Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad: Decision in the East (Defense Dept., Army, Center of Military History, 1987).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zhang, Shu Guang, Deterrence and Strategic Culture (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anders, Wladyslaw著,鈕先鍾譯,《希特勒征俄之役》,(台北:麥田出版,1994)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, Duncan、Lloyd Clark、Stephen Walsh合著,趙宇清、孫玉澄譯,《東線戰場》,(台北:胡桃木文化,2007)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, Duncan著,趙玉、錢澄譯,《第三帝國的滅亡》,(台北:知書房出版社,2004)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bagramyan, Khristoforovich著,寧清民等譯,《戰爭是這樣開始的》,(北京:軍事譯文出版社,1984)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cooper, Matthew著,李長浩譯,納粹如何對付蘇俄游擊隊,(台北:黎明,1982)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fuller, J.F.C.著,《西洋世界軍事史》,鈕先鍾譯。(台北:麥田出版社,1998)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fuller, J.F.C.著,《戰爭指導》,鈕先鍾譯。(台北:軍事譯粹社,1981)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guderian, Heinz著,鈕先鍾譯,《閃擊英雄》,(台北:軍事譯粹社,1982)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haffner, Sebastian, 著,周全譯,從俾斯麥到希特勒:回顧德意志國(台北:左岸文化,2009)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hart, B. H. Liddell 著,鈕先鍾譯,戰略論:間接路線,(台北:麥田,2007)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hart, B. H. Liddell著,鈕先鍾譯,沙漠之狐隆美爾:隆美爾戰時文件,(台北:星光,1994)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hart, Basil H. Liddell著,鈕先鍾譯,《第二次世界大戰史》全三冊,(台北:麥田,1995)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoyt, Edwin P.著,施孝瑋譯,納粹飛鷹:戈林與德國空軍(ANGELS OF DEATH:Goering’s Luftwaffe)(台北:麥田,1995)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jost Dulffer著,朱章才譯,二次大戰與兩極世界的形成:一九四五年二月四日,雅爾達(Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die Entstehung der bipolaren Welt Jalta, 4. Februar 1945(台北:麥田,2000)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jukes, Geoffrey著,袁亦寧、王孝存譯,《史達林格勒之戰 歐戰的轉捩點》,(台北:星光出版社,2001)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Macksey, Kenneth著,國防部史政編譯室譯,《第二次世界大戰發生之軍事錯誤》,(台北:史政編譯室,2005)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pois, Robert, and Philip Langer 著,《戰爭中的指揮錯誤》,(台北:國防部史政編譯室,2008)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Von Manstein, Erich著,鈕先鍾譯,《失去的勝利》,(台北:軍事譯粹社,1978)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich著《朱可夫回憶錄》,(上、下冊)(國防部史政編譯局譯印,1979)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Анисимов, И. В.、Г. В Кузьмин合著,王復加譯,蘇聯偉大衛國戰爭簡史(北京:時代,1953)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鈕先鍾著,《西方戰略思想史》,(台北:麥田出版社,1995)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鈕先鍾著,《西方戰略思想史》,(台北:麥田出版社,1999)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 熊偉民,希特勒:註定失敗的賭注,(台北:世潮,2001)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 德國軍事研究協會著,鈕先鍾譯,第二次世界大戰決定性會戰,(台北:星光,2003)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 霍斯特.蕭伯特著,滕昕雲譯,史達林格勒:48公里,(台北:老戰友,2004)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鮑里斯.季瓦莫維奇.索科洛夫著,張鳳,賈梁豫譯,二戰秘密檔案(Тайны Второй Мировой)(北京:中國廣播電視,2000)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 賽巴斯提安.哈夫納(Sebastian Haffner)著,周全譯,從俾斯麥到希特勒:回顧德意志國(台北:左岸文化,2008)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) А.Б. Широкорад, Корабли и катера ВМФ СССР 1939-45 гг.(Минск: Харвест, 2002).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) И. Д. Спасский, История отечественного судостроения в пяти томах, Том Ⅳ, Судостроение в период первых пятилеток и великой отечественной войны 1925-1945 гг.(Санкт-Петербург: Судостроение, 1996).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ларинцев Р. И., Ленд-лизовские поставки на Северный флот и их эффективность, в книге Война в Арктике , М.Н. Супрун,(Архангельск: Правда Севера, 2001).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Усенко Н. В., Бородин Н. И., Русский архив: Великая Отечественная: Приказы и директивы народного комиссара ВМФ в ВОВ. Том 21 (10)(Москва: Терра, 1996)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baird, Jay W., “The Myth of Stalingrad” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 4, No. 3, Urbanism (Jul., 1969), pp. 187-204.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Erickson, John, “New Thinking about the Eastern Front in World War II” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Apr., 1992), pp. 283-292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Erickson, John, “The Soviet Union at War (1941-1945): An Essay on Sources and Studies” Soviet Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Jan., 1963), pp. 249-274.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Farrell, Brian P., “Yes, Prime Minister: Barbarossa, Whipcord, and the Basis of British Grand Strategy, Autumn 1941,” Journal of Military History, Vol. 57, No. 4 (October 1993).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fenyo, Mario, “The Allied Axis Armies and Stalingrad” Military Affairs, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Summer, 1965), pp. 57-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glantz, David M., “Soviet Military Strategy during the Second Period of War (November 1942-December 1943): A Reappraisal” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 115-150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Glantz, David M., “The Red Army at War, 1941-1945: Sources and Interpretations” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Jul., 1998), pp. 595-617.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hayward, Joel, “Hitler`s Quest for Oil: The Impact of Economic Considerations on Military Strategy, 1941-42”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4 (December 1995), pp. 94-135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hayward, Joel, “Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift”, Airpower Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring 1997), pp. 21-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hayward, Joel, “Too Little, Too Late: An Analysis of Hitler`s Failure in August 1942 to Damage Soviet Oil Production” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 64, No. 3 (Jul., 2000), pp. 769~794.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, Alexander, “British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 - June 1942” The Journal of Military History, Vol. 71, No. 3 (Jul., 2007), pp. 773-808.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, Alexander, “The Birth of the Soviet Northern Fleet, 1937-1942,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Vol. 16(June 2003), pp.70-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, Alexander,“British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941 June 1942 British Lend Lease Aid and the Soviet War Effort, June 1941-June 1942,”The Journal of Military History, Vol. 71, No. 3 (Jul., 2007)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kimball, Warren F., “Stalingrad: A Chance for Choices” The Journal of Military History Vol. 60, No.1 (Jan,1996), PP. 89-114.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Knox, MacGregor, “1 October 1942: Adolf Hitler, Wehrmacht Officer Policy, and Social Revolution” The Historical Journal, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Sep., 2000), pp. 801-825.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Levine, Alan J., “Was World War II a Near-Run Thing?” The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 1985).zh_TW