| dc.contributor.advisor | 黃仁德 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hwang, Jen Te | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 葉月美 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Yeh, Yueh May | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 葉月美 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Yeh, Yueh May | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2010 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 29-Sep-2011 18:56:58 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 29-Sep-2011 18:56:58 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 29-Sep-2011 18:56:58 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0096924003 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51121 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 96924003 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 99 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This paper aims at exploring senior-aged labor force participation in both OECD countries and Taiwan, covering the aspects of the historical trends and transition, the dominant factors influencing participation status, the prevailing measures in practice and cross-country comparison. In the process of this study, secondary data including book, journals, article, news clips and statistical reports were collected and analyzed. The fast growing trends of ageing and low birth rate are supposed to bring about labor supply shortage and impact our economic growth for the years to come. Besides, employment and social policies and practices that discourage work at an older age effectively deny older workers’ choice in when and how they retire. This will result in a waste of valuable human resources and has become a top global issue. In conformity with the fast growing ageing population, more and more ageing labor force is projected to be infused into the labor market so as to support continuous economic development. However, ways to facilitate this group’s willingness of continuous work to sustain the aggregate labor supply are considered even a more tremendous issue. With the efforts made by the government as well as support from both employers and employees, task on the reform of pension system and other parts of social welfare system, abolishment of age discrimination, flexibility of employment protection rules and working hours, and enhancement of job training should be carried out promptly and efficiently. | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This paper aims at exploring senior-aged labor force participation in both OECD countries and Taiwan, covering the aspects of the historical trends and transition, the dominant factors influencing participation status, the prevailing measures in practice and cross-country comparison. In the process of this study, secondary data including book, journals, article, news clips and statistical reports were collected and analyzed. The fast growing trends of ageing and low birth rate are supposed to bring about labor supply shortage and impact our economic growth for the years to come. Besides, employment and social policies and practices that discourage work at an older age effectively deny older workers’ choice in when and how they retire. This will result in a waste of valuable human resources and has become a top global issue. In conformity with the fast growing ageing population, more and more ageing labor force is projected to be infused into the labor market so as to support continuous economic development. However, ways to facilitate this group’s willingness of continuous work to sustain the aggregate labor supply are considered even a more tremendous issue. With the efforts made by the government as well as support from both employers and employees, task on the reform of pension system and other parts of social welfare system, abolishment of age discrimination, flexibility of employment protection rules and working hours, and enhancement of job training should be carried out promptly and efficiently. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Motivation 3 1.3 Purposes 5 1.4 Research Methods 5 Chapter 2 Literature Review 6 2.1 Pull Factors 6 2.1.1 Old-Age Pensions 7 2.1.2 Other Parts of Social Welfare System 14 2.1.3 Tax 16 2.2 Push Factors 18 2.2.1 On the Side of Employers 18 2.2.2 On the Side of Senior-Aged Worker 23 2.3 Theoretical Perspectives 29 2.3.1 Affluence/Leisure Preference Theory 30 2.3.2 Conflict Theory 31 2.3.3 Cultural Lag Theory 31 2.4 Summary 32 Chapter 3 Senior-Aged Labor Force Participation in OECD Countries 34 3.1 Evolution of Senior-Aged Labor Force Participation 34 3.1.1 Senior-Aged Employment 43 3.1.2 Senior-Aged Unemployment 45 3.2 The Dominant Factors Affecting Labor Force Participation 48 3.2.1 Economic Factor 49 3.2.2 Factor of Retirement 51 3.2.3 Educational Factor 53 3.2.4 Factor of Low Older Women Labor Force Participation 56 3.3 Measures Undertaken in Major OECD Countries 57 3.3.1 Pension Reforms and Work Incentives 58 3.3.2 Changing Negative Employer’s Attitudes and Employment Practices 62 3.3.3 Improving Employability 68 3.4 Summary 74 Chapter 4 Senior-Aged Labor Force Participation in Taiwan 76 4.1 Evolution of Senior-Aged Labor Force Participation 76 4.1.1 Senior-Aged Employment 77 4.1.2 Senior-Aged Unemployment 83 4.2 Comparison of Senior-Aged Labor Force Participation of Taiwan with That of OECD Countries 83 4.2.1 Comparison of Senior-Aged Employment of Taiwan with OECD Countries 86 4.2.2 Comparison of Senior-Aged Unemployment of Taiwan with That of OECD Countries 87 4.3 The Dominant Factors Affecting Labor Force Participation 88 4.3.1 Factor of Retirement 89 4.3.2 Factor of Structural Change in Industry 91 4.3.3 Factor of Age Discrimination 94 4.3.4 Factor of Low Older Female Labor Force Participation 95 4.4 Measures Related to Senior-Aged Employment 97 4.4.1 Prohibition of Age Discrimination 97 4.4.2 Employment Promotion 98 4.4.3 Living Security 99 4.5 Summary 100 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Policy Suggestions 102 5.1 Conclusions 102 5.2 Policy Recommendations 105 References 108 Appendix 1: Age-Discrimination Legislation in the United States and Europe 114 Appendix 2: New Deal 50 Plus in the United Kingdom 116 List of Tables Table 3-1: Labor Force Population and Participation Rate by Age in OECD Countries— 1980-2008 35 Table 3-2: Share of Labor Force by Age in OECD Countries— 1980-2009 37 Table 3-3: Labor Force Participation Rate of Aged 50-54 in OECD Countries— 1995-2008 39 Table 3-4: Labor Force Participation Rate of Aged 55-64 in OECD Countries— 1995-2008 40 Table 3-5: Labor Force Participation Rate of Male Aged 55-64 in OECD Countries— 1995-2008 41 Table 3-6: Labor Force Participation Rate of Female Aged 55-64 in OECD Countries— 1995-2008 42 Table 3-7: Employment Rate by Age in OECD Countries—1995-2008 44 Table 3-8: Employment Rate of Aged 50-54 by Gender in OECD Countries— 1995-2008 45 Table 3-9: Employment Rate of Workers Aged 55-64 by Gender in OECD Countries— 1995-2008 46 Table 3-10: Unemployment Rate by Age and Gender in OECD Countries— 1990 and 2008 48 Table 3-11: Employment by Sector, Employment Rate of Aged 50-64 and Per Capita GDP 50 Table 3-12: Labor Force Participation Rate of Aged 55-64 and Effective Retirement Age 54 Table 3-13: Tertiary Attainment Rate, Employment Rate with Tertiary Attainment, and Grand Employment Rate of Aged 55-64 in OECD Countries— 1997 and 2006 55 Table 3-14: Labor Force Participation Rate by Age and Gender in OECD Countries— 2008 57 Table 3-15: The Upward Trend of Official Pension Ages in OECD Countries 59 Table 3-16: Reductions of Replacement Rates of Retirement in OECD Countries 61 Table 3-17: Increasing Rewards and Penalties Based on Timing of Retirement in OECD Countries 62 Table 3-18: Restricting Options for Early Retirement 63 Table 3-19: Countries of Changes to Non-Pension Incentives to Remain in Work 64 Table 3-20: Measures to Tackle Age Discrimination in OECD Countries 65 Table 4-1: Labor Force Population and Participation Rate by Age—1978-2008 78 Table 4-2: Labor Force Participation Rate by Age and Gender—1978-2009 79 Table 4-3: Share of Labor Force by Age— 1978-2009 80 Table 4-4: Senior-Aged Employment by Sector— 2008 82 Table 4-5: Senior-Aged Employment by Occupation— 2008 83 Table 4-6: Unemployment Rate by Age and Gender— 1993-2009 84 Table 4-7: Labor Force Participation Rate of Aged 55-64 in Taiwan and OECD Countries— 2005-2008 85 Table 4-8: Willingness Survey of Available Inactive People Aged 50-64— 2009 86 Table 4-9: Senior-Aged Employment Rate in Taiwan and OECD Countries— 2007-2008 87 Table 4-10: Unemployment Rate by Age in Taiwan and OECD Countries— 1999-2009 88 Table 4-11: Labor Force Participation Rate of Aged 60-64 and Effective Retirement Age in Taiwan and OECD Countries 90 Table 4-12: Share of GDP by Industry, Employment Structure by Sector and Unemployment Rate of Aged 45-64— 1970-2009 92 Table 4-13: Approved Indirect Mainland Investment, Taiwanese Businesses Closed and Unemployment Rate of Aged 45-64— 1991-2008 94 Table 4-14: Distribution of Reasons for Senior-Aged Female out of Employment— 2009 96 Table 4-15: Distribution of Female Non Labor Force by Age—1990-2009 96 List of Figures Figure 3-1: Per Capita GDP and Labor Force Participation Rate of Aged 55-64— 2007 50 Figure 3-2: Average Effective Retirement Age and Official Retirement Age— 2002-2007 53 Figure 4-1: Employment Rate of Aged 50 and Over 81 Figure 4-2: Evolution of Average Effective Retirement Age by Gender 89 Figure 4-3: Employment Structure in Taiwan and OECD Countries— 2007 93 Figure 4-4: Difficulties in Job Seeking for Unem | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096924003 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 勞動參與 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Labor force participation | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 高齡人口勞動參與 - 國際之比較研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | The study of senior-aged labor force participation - international comparison | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
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