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題名 中國稀土的政治經濟分析
The political economy analysis of China’s rare earth
作者 吳皇明
Wu, Huan Ming
貢獻者 黃仁德
Hwang, Jen Te
吳皇明
Wu, Huan Ming
關鍵詞 稀土元表
麻煩製造者
無禮的
霸權
有效率的
加速的
人類
地球
Rare Earth Elements
Troublemaker
Groundless
Hegemony
Streamline
Accelerate
Human-beings
The Earth
日期 2010
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 18:57:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 自2010年9月以來,中國大陸限制對日稀土出口所造成影響,在全球演然以成為熱門話題,亦為我所探究本論文鵠的。當時中國大陸在一片撻伐聲中,似成麻煩製造者,因影響片及整體稀土元素供需市場,特別是那些缺乏稀土元素生產卻又非常依賴中國大陸稀土的進口廠商所發出來的抗議。然事實上,稀土這元素在地球上並不匱乏,但因為它的開採上的成本高利潤卻不高,相對存量卻一直減少造成許多國家並不願去開採它,漸漸全球高逹95%以上的生產量由中國取代,卻也間接造成中國在稀土市場上的獨佔市場地位,但中國卻又是整個稀土市場價格的接受者,供需不均衡所造成的結果卻是相反地。因此中國政府當局大力支持與整合稀土產業進行一連串的體制改造及革新計畫整體架構十分迅速進行中。
      此篇論文藉由所蒐集匱乏資料分析瞭解中國大陸稀土元素的發展,並透過經濟、政治分析中國不宜過度依賴稀土短期優勢,事實上,應可加強其稀土整體計劃在國際發展空間、提升稀土產業效能及加速其產業整合與技術提煉上改進,並同時兼顧環保及降低開採上污染等多個面向的思考,再者更瞭解稀土資源不但可增進人類的生活品質,其根本是歸屬大地之母-地球所擁有。
The objective of this paper is to explore the hot issues of China’s Rare Earths Elements (REEs) on the global. Using a commonly-accepted methods and materials to research of China’s REEs, On the whole, the impact of China’s REEs restriction is almost regarded as mainstream troublemaker who become overshadows influence the REEs market in the world. However it’s not, On the contrary, the Earth is not in shortage of rare earth resources. The problem is in the worldwide supply and demand structure of REEs unbalance and the price is not reasonable for China’s REEs.
     China’s REEs growing forcefulness regards as a new strength called attention to foreign powers claim China stops exports of rare earth is completely groundless. REEs are as a new symbol of strength and high value metals in upcoming century changed China’s REEs racial policies turn into aggressively to enhance its national level security and pursing its welfare and hegemony in REEs. China is devoted to manage its REEs output quota reduced reliance on demand countries as strategic policies but so to the foreign countries changed their policies.
     Analysis of the paper indicated basic findings. China holds a main of capturing a larger portion of the global supply but couldn’t depend on its superiority of REEs’ reserves. In other words, China should be devoted to develop its REEs policies as a way to promote and engage China’s REEs grow space agenda with the rest of the world. Find ways to deals with the rough harsh international reality, strive to streamline its rare earth industry, accelerate industrial upgrading, technological innovation in accordance to protect its domestic REEs industries, the environment, reserve REEs resources and learn how to get along with other countries. Extremely, the China government should recognize the resources of REEs are belonging to human-beings and the Earth, not only to China has.
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Humphries, M. (2010), “Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain,” in U.S. Congressional Research Service, November 30, 2010, available at
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Hurst, C. (2010a), “China’s Ace in The Hole: Rare Earth Elements,” NDU Press, 59, pp. 121-126.
Hurst. C. (2010b), “China’s Rare Earth Elements Industry: What Can the West Learn?” the Analysis of Global Security, March 25, 2010, available at
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Keith, B. (2011), “Mitsubishi Quietly Cleans up Its Former Refinery,” in The Chinese Society of Rare Earths, March 8, 2011, available at
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Kilian, L. (2008), “The Economic Effects of Energy Price Shocks,” Journal of Economic Literature, 46:6, pp. 871-909.
“Leading Article: An Elemental Challenge for China and The World,” The Independent, January 2, 2010, available at
http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/leading-article-an-elemental-challenge--for-china-and-the-world-1855408.html.
Lifton, J. (2009), “The Rare Earth Metals, Uranium, and Thorium: All Commonly Found Together and All Desired by China,” Technology Metals Research, November 20, 2009, available at
http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2009/11/rare-earth-metals-uranium-and-thorium-commonly-found-together-and-all-desired-by-china/
Lifton, J. (2010), “The Rare Earth Crisis of the Second Decade of the Twenty-First Century: A Threat or An Opportunity?” Technology Metals Research, January 16, 2010, available at
http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2010/01/the-rare-earth-crisis-of-the-second-decade-of-the-twenty-first-century-a-threat-or-an-opportunity/.
Lindsay, H. (2010), “Are Rare Earth Metals Too Costly for The Environment?” PBS Newshour, December 14, 2009, available at
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
97925022
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097925022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃仁德zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hwang, Jen Teen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳皇明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Huan Mingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳皇明zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Huan Mingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 18:57:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 18:57:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 18:57:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097925022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51125-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97925022zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自2010年9月以來,中國大陸限制對日稀土出口所造成影響,在全球演然以成為熱門話題,亦為我所探究本論文鵠的。當時中國大陸在一片撻伐聲中,似成麻煩製造者,因影響片及整體稀土元素供需市場,特別是那些缺乏稀土元素生產卻又非常依賴中國大陸稀土的進口廠商所發出來的抗議。然事實上,稀土這元素在地球上並不匱乏,但因為它的開採上的成本高利潤卻不高,相對存量卻一直減少造成許多國家並不願去開採它,漸漸全球高逹95%以上的生產量由中國取代,卻也間接造成中國在稀土市場上的獨佔市場地位,但中國卻又是整個稀土市場價格的接受者,供需不均衡所造成的結果卻是相反地。因此中國政府當局大力支持與整合稀土產業進行一連串的體制改造及革新計畫整體架構十分迅速進行中。
      此篇論文藉由所蒐集匱乏資料分析瞭解中國大陸稀土元素的發展,並透過經濟、政治分析中國不宜過度依賴稀土短期優勢,事實上,應可加強其稀土整體計劃在國際發展空間、提升稀土產業效能及加速其產業整合與技術提煉上改進,並同時兼顧環保及降低開採上污染等多個面向的思考,再者更瞭解稀土資源不但可增進人類的生活品質,其根本是歸屬大地之母-地球所擁有。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The objective of this paper is to explore the hot issues of China’s Rare Earths Elements (REEs) on the global. Using a commonly-accepted methods and materials to research of China’s REEs, On the whole, the impact of China’s REEs restriction is almost regarded as mainstream troublemaker who become overshadows influence the REEs market in the world. However it’s not, On the contrary, the Earth is not in shortage of rare earth resources. The problem is in the worldwide supply and demand structure of REEs unbalance and the price is not reasonable for China’s REEs.
     China’s REEs growing forcefulness regards as a new strength called attention to foreign powers claim China stops exports of rare earth is completely groundless. REEs are as a new symbol of strength and high value metals in upcoming century changed China’s REEs racial policies turn into aggressively to enhance its national level security and pursing its welfare and hegemony in REEs. China is devoted to manage its REEs output quota reduced reliance on demand countries as strategic policies but so to the foreign countries changed their policies.
     Analysis of the paper indicated basic findings. China holds a main of capturing a larger portion of the global supply but couldn’t depend on its superiority of REEs’ reserves. In other words, China should be devoted to develop its REEs policies as a way to promote and engage China’s REEs grow space agenda with the rest of the world. Find ways to deals with the rough harsh international reality, strive to streamline its rare earth industry, accelerate industrial upgrading, technological innovation in accordance to protect its domestic REEs industries, the environment, reserve REEs resources and learn how to get along with other countries. Extremely, the China government should recognize the resources of REEs are belonging to human-beings and the Earth, not only to China has.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements i
     Abstract iii
     Contents iv
     List of Tables vi
     List of Figures vii
     Chapter 1 Introduction 1
     1.1 Research Background 2
     1.2 Research Motivation 3
     1.3 Research Purposes 4
     1.4 Research Methodology 5
     1.5 Theoretical Framework 6
     Chapter 2 The Rare Earths in China 7
     2.1 Deposits of Rare Earths 10
     2.2 The Output of China’s REEs 12
     2.3 Consumption of China’s REEs 14
     2.4 China’s Rare-Earth Regulations 15
     2.5 Summary 19
     Chapter 3 The Economic Analysis of China’s REEs 21
     3.1 China’s REEs Economic Policies 21
     3.2 Monopoly Shocks of China’s REEs 23
     3.3 Demand and Supply Analysis of China REEs 29
     3.3.1 The effect of decrease in REEs supply 29
     3.3.2 Long-run effects of decrease in REEs demand 30
     3.3.3 Long-run effects of increase in REEs supply 31
     3.3.4 Long-run supply affected by increase in REEs demand 32
     3.4 A Multi-supply Trend of REEs 33
     3.5 Summary 34
     Chapter 4 The Political Analysis of China’s REEs 36
     4.1 Global Supply Chain 36
     4.2 A Case of Senkaku 42
     4.3 Analysis of US’s Resort 44
     4.3.1 Legislative proposals to REEs 48
     4.3.2 Possible defense policies 49
     4.4 Weakness Era of China’s REEs 51
     4.5 Strategies in China 53
     4.5.1 China plans to build a national reserve 54
     4.5.2 Integration production chains 55
     4.6 The Advantages of REEs Resource in China 56
     4.7 Summary 58
     Chapter 5 The Analysis of China’s REEs Policies 59
     5.1 Pursuing the REEs Controlling 59
     5.2 Hegemony in REEs 61
     5.3 Dominates magnet industry 66
     5.4 Strategy of Protectionism 67
     5.5 The Supply Strategies of REEs 71
     5.6 Pursuing for balancing growth 72
     5.7 Summary 73
     Chapter 6 Conclusions and Suggestions 75
     6.1 Conclusions 75
     6.2 Suggestions 78
     References 82
     
     Table 2-1: Rare Earth Elements (Lanthanides): Selected End Uses 9
     Table 2-2: REEs Production, Consumption, and Export Quotas─2003~ 2011 14
     Table 2-3: Export Duty Rates of China`s Rare Earths 18
     Table 4-1: Rare Earth Elements: World Production and Reserves 39
     Table 4-2: The Policies Options by the Department of Energy of U.S. 47
     Table 5-3: The Export Quotas of Rare Earth Element─ July to December, 2010 70
     
     Figure 2-1: The Processing of REEs Extraction 10
     Figure 2-2: World’s Largest Rare Earth Mine─ Bayan Obo, China 11
     Figure 2-3: Resources Area of China’s Rare Earths 12
     Figure 2-4: Production of Rare Earth Concentrate 13
     Figure 2-5: Consumption of China’s Rare Earths 15
     Figure 3-1: The Effect of Decrease in REEs Supply 30
     Figure 3-2: Long-run Effect of Decrease in REEs Demand 31
     Figure 3-3: Long-run Effect of Increase in REEs Supply 32
     Figure 3-4: Long-run Supply Affected by Increase in REEs Demand 33
     Figure 4-1: Global REEs Deposits Distribution 40
     Figure 4-2: The Distribution of Rare Earth in the World─ 2010 40
     Figure 4-3: The Distribution of Rare Earth Industry in the World 41
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097925022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 稀土元表zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 麻煩製造者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 無禮的zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 霸權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 有效率的zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 加速的zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人類zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 地球zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rare Earth Elementsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Troublemakeren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Groundlessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hegemonyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Streamlineen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Accelerateen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Human-beingsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Earthen_US
dc.title (題名) 中國稀土的政治經濟分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The political economy analysis of China’s rare earthen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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