dc.contributor.advisor | 朱立 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.advisor | Chu, Leonard L. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 時沛恩 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Fabian Schneider | en_US |
dc.creator (作者) | 時沛恩 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | Fabian Schneider | en_US |
dc.date (日期) | 2010 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 5-Oct-2011 12:00:03 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 5-Oct-2011 12:00:03 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 5-Oct-2011 12:00:03 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0098461016 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51150 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 中國大陸研究英語碩士學程(IMCS) | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 98461016 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 99 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This thesis focuses on the discourse strategies investigative journalism uses to disclose social tensions in China. It delivers a theoretical framework for the understanding of investigative journalism in general and its Chinese counterpart in particular. Furthermore, the author elaborates on the possibilities, strategies and limitations of investigative journalism in China. Investigative stories that disclose three major social tensions in China were selected for analysis. These social tensions focus on “crimes against the underprivileged”, “abuse in education” and “desperate crimes”. Since the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) perceives these social tensions as a potential threat to its legitimacy of leadership, news about them are considered to be highly sensitive while at the same time useful in alerting the CCP to solve them. The research has found that most of the strategies used are “circumvention of value” and “interviewee opinion formation” followed by the strategy “open end”. However, Chinese investigative journalism has to toe a thin line in its practice. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract iii1. Introduction 12. Investigative Journalism 73. Chinese Investigative Journalism 113.1. The appearance of the market oriented press 143.2. From masses to audience 153.3. Roles of investigative journalists 173.4. Strategies of investigative journalists 223.5. Adversary or mouthpiece 264. Method 324.1. Southern Weekend 324.2. Discourse analysis 344.3. Journalistic strategies 354.4. New journalistic strategies 364.5. Social tensions in China 374.6. The three major social tensions for analysis 385. Findings 425.1. Analysis of “crimes against the underprivileged 435.2. Analysis of “abuse in education”.. 515.3. Analysis of “desperate crimes”.. 566. Discussion and conclusion 616.1. Major findings: Strategies in disclosing social tensions 616.2. Future studies.. 636.3. Conclusion 65References 67Appendix I Excerpts of the Southern Weekend articles analyzed 75Appendix II An example of Southern Weekend’s investigative reports: “The case of Yang Yuanyuan: Narrow path into a dead-end”82 | zh_TW |
dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098461016 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 南方週末 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Southern Weekend | en_US |
dc.title (題名) | 「牙尖嘴利」的紙老虎:《南方週末》如何揭發社會矛盾 | zh_TW |
dc.title (題名) | A paper tiger with sharp teeth: How Southern Weekend discloses social tensions in China | en_US |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ames, W.E. (1972). “Federal patronage and the Washington D.C. press.” Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 49, pp. 22–30. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Anderson, J. (1979). Confessions of a muckraker. NewYork, RandomHouse. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Anderson, D. and Benjaminson P. (1976). Investigative reporting. Bloomington, Indiana University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Aucoin, J. L. (2005). The evolution of investigative Journalism. Columbia, University of Missouri Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Behrens, J.C. (1977). Typewriter guerrillas: Close-ups of twenty top investigative reporters. Chicago, Nelson-Hall. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bloomfield, L.P. and Moulton, A. (1997). Managing international conflict: From theory to policy. A teaching tool using CASCON. New York, St Martin’s Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bolch, J., and Miller, K. (1978). Investigative and in-depth reporting. New York, Hastings House. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Borjesson, K. (2004). Into the Buzzsaw: Leading journalists expose the myth of a free press. Amherst, Prometheus Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bourdieu, P. (2005). “The political field, the social science field, and the journalistic field.”, in Benson, R. and Neveu, E., Bourdieu and the journalistic field, Cambridge, pp. 29-47. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brady, A.M. (2006). “Guiding hand: The role of the CCP Central Propaganda Department in the current era.”, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Vol. 3(1), pp. 57–76. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Broersma, M. (2010). “The unbearable limitations of journalism: On press-critique and journalism’s claim to truth.” International Communication Gazette, 72 (1), pp. 21- 33. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gaines,W.C. (1998). Investigative reporting for print and broadcast. Chicago, Nelson- Hall. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chan, A. (2002). “From propaganda to hegemony: Jiaodian fangtan and China’s media policy.”, Journal of Contemporary China. Vol. 11(30), pp. 35–51. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chan, J. M. (1994). "Media internationalization in China: Processes and tension." Journal of Communication 44(3), pp. 70-88. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chan, J. M. (1993). “Commercialization without independence: Trends and tensions of media development in China.”, in Cheng, J. and Brosseau, M., China Review. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chang, W.H. (1989). Mass Media in China: The History and the Future. Ames: Iowa State University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Champane, P. (2005). “The double dependency: The journalistic field between politics and markets.”, in Benson, R. and Neveu, E., Bourdieu and the journalistic field, Cambridge, pp. 48- 63. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chen, H. and Guo, Z. (1998). “Opposites apart: Determinants of the divergent development in advertising revenue between China’s party and mass appeal newspapers.”, Asian Journal of Communication, Vol. 8, pp. 70-99. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chen, H. and Yu, H. (1996). “The uneven development of media commercialization in china: A case of newspapers.” Mass Communication Research, Vol 53, pp. 191-208 (in Chinese). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cheek, T. (1989). “Redefining propaganda: Debates on the role of journalism in post-Mao mainland China.”, Issues and Studies, Vol. 25, p. 47-74. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chengju, H. (2007). "Trace the stones in crossing the river: Media structural changes in post-WTO china." International Communication Gazette 69(5), pp. 413-430. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | De Burgh, H. (2003). The Chinese journalist: Mediating information in the world’s most populous country. London: Routledge Curzon. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | De Burgh, H. (2000). “Off the party and in the market: Chinese journalism today.” Journalism Studies, Vol. 1(4). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | De Burgh, H. (2000). Investigative journalism: Context and practice. London, Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Downie, L. (1976). The new muckrakers. Washington, D.C., New Republic Book Co. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Emery, M. and Emery, E. (1992). The press and America: An interpretive history of the mass media. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ericson, R.V., Baranek, P.M. and Chan, J.B.L (1987). Visualizing deviance: A study of news organizations. Milton Keynes, Open University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ettema, J.S. and Glasser, T.L. (1998). Custodians of conscience: Investigative journalism and public virtue. New York, Columbia University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fang, H. and Zhang Z. (1995). A brief history of China’s journalism education. Beijing, People’s University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Filler, L. (1993). The muckrakers. Stanford, Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fraser, B. (1990). “An approach to discourse markers.”, Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 14, pp. 383- 395. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fraser, B. (1998). “Contrastive discourse markers in English.”, in Jucker, A. and Ziv, Z. (eds), Discourse markers: Description and theory. Amsterdam, Benjamins, pp. 301- 326. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Golding, P. and Murdock, G. (2000). “Culture, communications, and political economy.” in Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M., Mass Media and Society, New York, pp. 60-83. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goldman, M. and MacFarquhar R. (1999). “Dynamic economy, declining party-state.”, in Goldman M. and MacFarquhar R., The paradox of China’s post-Mao reforms. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goldman, M. (1994). Sowing the seeds of democracy in China: Political reform in the Deng Xiaoping era. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cook, T. E. (2006). “The news media as a political institution: Looking backward and looking forward.”, Political Communication, Vol. 23, pp. 159-171. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gordon, K. (2000). “China speaks out.”, China Review, Vol. 17. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grant, J. (1988). “Internal reporting by investigative journalists in china and its influence on government policy” Gazette, 41, p.53-65. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Greenwald, M. and Bernt, J. (2000). The big chill: Investigative reporting in the current media environment. Ames: Iowa State University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Grenier, J.A. (1960).“Muckraking and the muckrakers: An historical definition.”, Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 37(3), pp.552–58. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gu, E. and Goldman, M. (2004). Chinese intellectuals between the state and market. London and New York, RoutledgeCurzon. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Guo, Z. (2001). “To each according to its niche: Analyzing the political and economic origins for a structural segregation in Chinese Press.”, The Journal of Media Economics, Vol. 14 (1), p. 15- 30. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Guo, Z. (1999). “Supervision by Public Opinion and the Western Concept of Journalistic Professionalism.”, Guoji Xinwen Vol. 5. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hackett, R.A. and Zhao, Y. (1998). Sustaining democracy? Journalism and the politics of objectivity, Toronto: Garamond Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Halliday, M.A.K. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar. London, Edward | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Arnold. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Harrison, J.M. and Harry H.S. (1973). Muckraking: Past, present and future. University Park, Pennsylvania State University. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hong, J. (1998). The internationalization of television in China: The evolution of ideology, society, and media since the reform. Westport, Praeger. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lee, C.C. (2000). “Chinese communication: Prisms, trajectories, and modes of understanding.”, in Power, money, and media: Communication patterns and bureaucratic control in cultural China, Northwestern University Press, pp. 3- 44. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lee, C.C. (1994). “Ambiguities and contradictions: Issues in China’s changing political communication.”, in Lee. C.C., China’s media, media’s China, Boulder CO: Westview Press, pp. 3-20 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Liu, H. (1998). “Profit or ideology? The Chinese press between party and market.”, Media, Culture and Society, Vol. 20(1), pp. 31–41. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Liu, H. (1992). “Fascinating or hopeless? Some cool-headed thinking on the weekend edition phenomenon.” Journalism Front (Xinwen Zhanxian), Vol. 9(62) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mitford, J. (1968). Poison penmanship: The gentle art of muckraking. NewYork:Vintage Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pan, Z. D. (2000). “Improvising reform activities: The changing reality of journalistic practice in China.”, in Power, money, and media: Communication patterns and bureaucratic control in cultural China, Northwestern University Press, pp. 68-111. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pan, Z. D. (2000). “Spatial configuration in institutional change: A case of China’s journalism reforms.”, Journalism, Vol. 1, pp. 253-281. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pan, Z.D. and Chan, J.M. (2003). “Shifting journalistic paradigms: How China’s journalists assess media exemplars.” Communication Research, Vol. 30, pp. 649-682. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pan, Z. D. and Lu, Y. (2003). “Localizing professionalism: Discursive practices in China’s media reforms.”, in Lee, C.C., Chinese media, global contexts. London: Routledge Curzon. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Pan. Z. D. and Lee, F.L.F and Chan, J.M. (2006). “Online news meets established journalism: How China’s journalists evaluate the credibility of news websites.”, New Media Society, Vol. 8 (6), pp. 925-947 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Peterson, G. (1997). The power of words: Literacy and revolution in South China. Vancouver, UBC Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Qing, C. (2007). "Confucian vision of a new world order? Culturalist discourse, foreign policy and the press in contemporary China." International Communication Gazette, Vol. 69(5), pp. 431-450. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schiffrin, D. and Tannen, D. and Hamilton, H.E. (2001). “The handbook of discourse analysis.”, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Serrin, J. and Serrin, W. (2002). Muckraking: The journalism that changed America. New York: New Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Shen, F.C. and Zhang, Z.Z. (2009). “Making in-depth news: The tension between investigative journalism and social control in China.”, paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Marriot, Chicago, pp.1-30 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Siebert, F. and Theodore, P. and Schramm, W. (1954). Four theories of the press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stein, H.H. (1979). “American muckrakers and muckraking: The 50-year scholarship.” Journalism Quarterly, p. 9–17. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sun, Y. (2004). Corruption and market in contemporary China. Ithaca, N,Y.: Cornell University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tischer, S., Meyer, M., Wodak, R. and Vetter, E. (2000). Methods of text and discourse analysis. London, Sage Publications. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tong, B. (1993). “Market economy: A new issue for Chinese journalism.” Journalism Knowledge, p. 4-7 (in Chinese) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tong, B. (1998). Mainstream and mouthpiece: Examining the trajectory of China’s journalism and communication development. Henan: Henan People’s Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tong, J.R. (2007). “Guerrilla tactics of investigative journalists in China.” Journalism, Vol. 8, pp. 530-535 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tong, J.R. and Sparks C. (2009). “Investigative journalism in China today.”, Journalism Studies. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tong, J.R. (2010). “The crisis of the centralized media control theory: How local power controls media in China.” Media Culture Society, 32 (6), pp. 925- 942 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: Free Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wallis, D. (2004). Killed: Great journalism too hot to print. New York, Nation Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wang, J. (2001). “A journalist who spoke truth was falsely incriminated and jailed.”, Chinese Explorations Vol. 8, p. 10-11 (in Chinese) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Weinberg, S. (1996). The reporter’s handbook: An investigator’s guide to documents and techniques. New York, St. Martin’s. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wetzstein, I. (2010). “Mediated conflicts: Capacities and limitations of ‘meditative journalism’ in public diplomacy processes.”, International Communication Gazette, 72 (6), pp. 503- 520. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | White Paper of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, (2010). Anti-corruption and construction of honest and clean government. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whyte, M.K. (2010). Myth of the social volcano: Perceptions of inequality and distributive injustice in contemporary China. Stanford, Stanford University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wodak, R. and Meyer, M. (2009). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage Publications Ltd. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wu, G. (2000). “One head, many mouths: Diversifying press structures in reform China.”, in Lee C.C., Money, power and media: Communication patterns in cultural China. Evanston, Northwestern University Press, pp. 45- 67. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yu, X. (1994). “Professionalization without guarantees: Changes of the Chinese press in post- 1989 years.” Gazette, Vol. 53, pp. 23-41. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhang, X. (1993). “The market versus the state: The Chinese press since Tiananmen.”, Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 47, pp. 195–221. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhang, Y. (2000). “From the masses to audience: Changing media ideologies and practices in reform China.” Journalism Studies, Vol. 1(4): pp.617-635. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhang, Y. (2001). Four effects in the professionalization process: A study of Chinese journalists in the reform era. Paper presented at the Association of Educators in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, D.C. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhao, Y. (2008). Communication in China: Political economy, power, and conflict. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhao, Y. (2000). “From masses to audience: Changing media ideologies and practices in reform China” Journalsim Studies, Vol. 1(4), pp. 649-664. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhao, Y. (2000). “From commercialization to conglomeration: The transformation of the Chinese press within the orbit of the party state.”, Journal of Communication, Vol. 50, p. 3-26. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhao, Y. (2000). “Watchdogs on party leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-Deng China.” Journalism Studies, Vol. 1 (4), pp. 577-598. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhao, Y. (1998). Media, Market, and Democracy in China: Between the Party Line and the Bottom Line. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhao, Y. (1997). “Toward a propaganda/commercial model of journalism in China? The case of the Beijing Youth News.”, International Communication Gazette 58, pp.143 - 157 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhang, Z. (2001). “Reflections on comrade Jiang Zemin’s work on journalism.”, TV Research, Vol. 5 (20). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zhou, H. (1999). “On the Effectiveness of Media Supervision.”, TV Research, Vol. 9, pp. 16–18. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zuckerman, L. (1985). “Letter from China.”, Columbia Journalism Review, 24 (4), pp. 34-37. | zh_TW |