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| Title | 文化衝擊研究: 海外留學生華語習得期間之文化適應 When culture shocks or not: Acculturating while acquiring mandarin in a study abroad context |
| Creator | 陳薇蒂 Chin, Ruby |
| Contributor | 張玉玲 Chang, Christie 陳薇蒂 Chin, Ruby |
| Key Words | 文化適應 華語習得 文化衝擊 意識 CIEE 美國學生 Acculturation Mandarin acquisition culture shock awareness CIEE American Students |
| Date | 2010 |
| Date Issued | 5-Oct-2011 14:38:59 (UTC+8) |
| Summary | 本論文旨在以民族誌研究方法觀察美國國際交流協會(CIEE)留學生的華語習得期間之文化適應。身為一位CIEE的校友，以及目前在國立政治大學就讀華語文教學碩士學程，並擔任CIEE 語言助理，作者想要透過CIEE美國學生在台灣的經驗來觀察他們學習華語的過程。 本研究提出，美國學生在台灣留學時，同常會經過四種文化適應的發展過程:(1)期待(2)文化衝擊 (3)迷失 (4)適應。研究結果顯示，雖然大部分的人都覺得東亞洲美國學生不可能經驗文化衝擊, 本研究發現正因為他們缺乏了文化衝擊之意識, 使他們在華語習得習期間無法順利適應文化以及學習語言。因此為了有效的幫助華語為第二語言學生學習華語，作者建議學生與老師應該增加文化衝擊之意識。 This qualitative research study investigates exchange students from the United States (America) in the program of the Council on International Educational Exchange (CIEE), in terms of their experiences during their process of acculturation while acquiring Chinese Mandarin language skills. Previously as a study abroad program student in National Chengchi University, Taipei, and currently as a graduate student in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language Master’s Program, and Language Coordinator of CIEE, (a study abroad program on the same campus), the author proposes to do a case study on the program’s students. The purpose is to understand the effects of cultural experience in second language acquisition by American students through ethnographic methods. The author proposes that in order to effectively acquire Chinese Mandarin language, it could be important for tracking American students’ acculturation process of 1. Anticipation, 2. Cultural Shock, 3. Disorientation, and 4. Adaptation. It is observed that although most people assume that East-Asian Americans experience less culture shock due to their Asian heritage, the study shows that their lack of ‘culture shock awareness’ in fact puts them at a disadvantage, which delays their adaptation, and impedes upon their success in Mandarin language training. The study concludes that decreasing social distance and promoting social interaction through acculturation in classrooms may be effective methods for both East-Asian and non-East-Asian American students to become successful in acquiring Chinese Mandarin language. Thus, it is suggested that students and teachers should increase their level of culture shock awareness in the study abroad context in order to assist Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners. |
| 參考文獻 | REFERENCES Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. 1990. Social Identification, Self-categorization, and Social Influence. European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 195-228. Bates, Chris and Ling-li Bates. 2005. Culture Shock, A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Singapore. Marshall Cavendish International Pte Ltd. Boas, Franz. 1940. Race, Language, and Culture. New York: The Macmillan Company Bonvillain, Nancy. 2008. Language, Culture, and Communication: The Meaning of Messages. 5th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Brown, H. Douglas. 1975. “Affective variables in second language Acquisition," Language Learning 23,2: 231-244. Brown, H. D. 1989. A Practical Guide to Language Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill Brown, H. D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall Byrne, Donn.1969. Attitudes and Attraction. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 4, Pages 35-89. Casse, Pierre (1981) Training for the Cross-Cultural Mind: a Handbook for Cross-Cultural Trainers and Consultants, Second Edition. SIETAR. The Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research, USA. Culhane, Stephen F. 2004. An Intercultural Interaction Model: Acculturation Attitudes in Second Language Acquisition, Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. Vol. No. 1, pp. 50-61. Díaz-Rico, L. T., & Weed, K. Z. 2006. The crosscultural, language, and academic development handbook (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Baco Dowell, Michele-Marie and Kelly P. Mirsky. 2003. How to Get the Most Out of Your Experience. Pearson Education, Inc. Duranti, A. 1997. Chapter 4: Ethnographic methods. In Linguistic Anthropology. pp.84-121. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fromkin, Victoria. Rodman, Robert. and Nina Hyams 2003. Language Acquisition. An Introduction to Language. (7th edition). Thomson: Heinle. Pp. 374-384 Furnham, Adrian and Stephen Bochner. 1986. Culture shock: Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environments. London: Methuen. Genzuk, Michael.2003. A Synthesis of Ethnographic Research. Occasional Papers Series. Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research (Eds.). Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California. Los Angeles. Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennslvania Press. Ke, Chuanren. 2005. Patterns of Acquisition of Chinese Linguistic Features by CFL learners. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association VOL. 40:1, pp. 1-24 Lightbown, Patsy. and Nina Spada. 2006. How Languages Are Learned. Oxford University Press. Long, Michael H. 1991. An Introduction to Second Language acquisition Research. London:Longman Press. (“SLA: Types and Data Analysis”, pp.52-80) Mauriel Saville-Troike. 2006. Introducing Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge University Press. Parker, Frank. and Kathryn Riley 2005. (eds) Second Language Acquisition. Linguistics for Non-linguists A Primer with Exercises. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson. Pp. 214-234 Paschke, A. Magali. 1990. Acculturation, self-esteem, and anxiety in relation to the acquisition of English as a Second Language. ETD Collection for Pace University. Rubenfeld, Sara, Sinclair, Lisa and Clément Richard. 2006. Second language learning and acculturation: The role of motivation and goal content congruence. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics (CJAL), Vol 10, No 3. Scarcella, R.C., & Oxford, R.L. 1992. The Tapestry of Language Learning: The Individual in the Communicative Classroom. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Schensul, J. Jean. 2005. Introduction to Ethnographic Research. Institute for Community Research. Prepared for CIRA M & B Core: www.incommunityresearch.org Schumann, J. H. 1978. The acculturation model for second language acquisition. In R.C. Gingras, Ed., Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Learning. Washington, D.C. Schumann, J. H. 1986. Research on the acculturation model for second language acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 7, 379-392. Scovel, Tom. 2001. Learning New Languages: A Guide to Second Language Acquisition. Heinle ELT. Spradley, James. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. Harcourt, Brace, Janovich. Swallow, Deborah. 2010. The Classic 5 Stage Culture Shock Model. http://www.deborahswallow.com Triandis, Harry C. 2001. "Individualism-Collectivism and Personality". Journal of Personality 69 (6): 909. Ward, Colleen, Furnham, Adrian and Stephen Bochner. 2001. Psychology of Culture Shock. Routledge, Philadelphia, PA. Willis, Jane. 2001. A Framework for Task-Based Learning, Longman ELT. |
| Description | 碩士 國立政治大學 華語文教學碩士學位學程 98161017 99 |
| 資料來源 | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0981610171 |
| Type | thesis |
| dc.contributor.advisor | 張玉玲 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chang, Christie | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 陳薇蒂 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Chin, Ruby | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 陳薇蒂 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Chin, Ruby | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2010 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 5-Oct-2011 14:38:59 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 5-Oct-2011 14:38:59 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 5-Oct-2011 14:38:59 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0981610171 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51300 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 華語文教學碩士學位學程 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 98161017 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 99 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本論文旨在以民族誌研究方法觀察美國國際交流協會(CIEE)留學生的華語習得期間之文化適應。身為一位CIEE的校友，以及目前在國立政治大學就讀華語文教學碩士學程，並擔任CIEE 語言助理，作者想要透過CIEE美國學生在台灣的經驗來觀察他們學習華語的過程。 本研究提出，美國學生在台灣留學時，同常會經過四種文化適應的發展過程:(1)期待(2)文化衝擊 (3)迷失 (4)適應。研究結果顯示，雖然大部分的人都覺得東亞洲美國學生不可能經驗文化衝擊, 本研究發現正因為他們缺乏了文化衝擊之意識, 使他們在華語習得習期間無法順利適應文化以及學習語言。因此為了有效的幫助華語為第二語言學生學習華語，作者建議學生與老師應該增加文化衝擊之意識。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This qualitative research study investigates exchange students from the United States (America) in the program of the Council on International Educational Exchange (CIEE), in terms of their experiences during their process of acculturation while acquiring Chinese Mandarin language skills. Previously as a study abroad program student in National Chengchi University, Taipei, and currently as a graduate student in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language Master’s Program, and Language Coordinator of CIEE, (a study abroad program on the same campus), the author proposes to do a case study on the program’s students. The purpose is to understand the effects of cultural experience in second language acquisition by American students through ethnographic methods. The author proposes that in order to effectively acquire Chinese Mandarin language, it could be important for tracking American students’ acculturation process of 1. Anticipation, 2. Cultural Shock, 3. Disorientation, and 4. Adaptation. It is observed that although most people assume that East-Asian Americans experience less culture shock due to their Asian heritage, the study shows that their lack of ‘culture shock awareness’ in fact puts them at a disadvantage, which delays their adaptation, and impedes upon their success in Mandarin language training. The study concludes that decreasing social distance and promoting social interaction through acculturation in classrooms may be effective methods for both East-Asian and non-East-Asian American students to become successful in acquiring Chinese Mandarin language. Thus, it is suggested that students and teachers should increase their level of culture shock awareness in the study abroad context in order to assist Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Context of Study: CIEE American Students in Taiwan 4 1.3 Purpose of Study and Research Questions 6 1.4 Organization of Thesis 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 Acculturation 8 2.1.1 Acculturation in Second Language Acquisition 8 2.1.2 Acculturation Phases 11 2.2 Culture Shock 12 2.2.1 Stage Theory of Culture Shock 13 2.2.2 Psychology of Culture Shock 14 2.3 Conclusion 18 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY AND FIELDWORK 19 3.1 Ethnographic Methods 19 3.2 Design of the Study 20 3.3 My Fieldwork 22 3.3.1 The Participant-Observer 23 3.3.2 The Collector 24 3.3.3 The Interviewer 25 3.4 Conclusion 26 CHAPTER FOUR: INITIAL OBSERVATIONS 27 4.1 Culture Shocks of Taiwan 28 4.1.1 Personal Experience 28 4.1.2 Values and Beliefs 31 4.1.3 Social Roles and “Rules” of Behavior 32 4.1.4 Climate, Attire and Food 36 4.2 Participation-Observation 39 4.2.1 Classroom 39 4.2.2 Outside the Classroom 40 4.3 Semi-constructed Interviews 43 4.3.1 Causal Talks to Gossips 43 4.3.2 Survey Follow-ups 46 4.4 Conclusion 48 CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS AND ANALYSES 50 5.1 Acculturation Phases 50 5.1.1 Anticipation 51 5.1.2 Culture Shock 51 5.1.3 Disorientation 53 5.1.4 Adaptation 54 5.2 When Culture Shocks or Not 55 5.2.1 East-Asian Americans 56 5.2.2 Non-East-Asian Americans 57 5.3 Acculturation and Language Acquistion 59 5.3.1 Acculturation Advantages and Disadvantages 60 5.3.2 Language Acquistion Timeline 62 5.4 Summary and Conclusion 64 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION 65 6.1 Before Closing 65 6.2 Conclusions and Implications 66 6.3 Contributions and Limitations 68 6.4 Closing Remarks 70 Appendix 1: Sample Survey Questions 71 Appendix 2: Selected articles from CIEE Newsletter written by CIEE students 74 Appendix 3: Original transcriptions of CIEE students’ reflection journals 87 References 96 | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0981610171 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 文化適應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 華語習得 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 文化衝擊 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 意識 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | CIEE 美國學生 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Acculturation | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Mandarin acquisition | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | culture shock | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | awareness | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | CIEE American Students | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 文化衝擊研究: 海外留學生華語習得期間之文化適應 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | When culture shocks or not: Acculturating while acquiring mandarin in a study abroad context | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | REFERENCES | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. 1990. Social Identification, Self-categorization, and Social | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Influence. European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 195-228. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bates, Chris and Ling-li Bates. 2005. Culture Shock, A Survival Guide to Customs and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Etiquette. Singapore. Marshall Cavendish International Pte Ltd. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Boas, Franz. 1940. Race, Language, and Culture. New York: The Macmillan Company | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bonvillain, Nancy. 2008. Language, Culture, and Communication: The Meaning of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Messages. 5th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brown, H. Douglas. 1975. “Affective variables in second language | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Acquisition," Language Learning 23,2: 231-244. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brown, H. D. 1989. A Practical Guide to Language Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brown, H. D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. 4th ed. Englewood | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Byrne, Donn.1969. Attitudes and Attraction. Advances in Experimental Social | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Psychology, Volume 4, Pages 35-89. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Casse, Pierre (1981) Training for the Cross-Cultural Mind: a Handbook for Cross-Cultural Trainers and Consultants, Second Edition. SIETAR. The Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research, USA. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Culhane, Stephen F. 2004. An Intercultural Interaction Model: Acculturation Attitudes in | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Second Language Acquisition, Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Vol. No. 1, pp. 50-61. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Díaz-Rico, L. T., & Weed, K. Z. 2006. The crosscultural, language, and academic | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | development handbook (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Baco | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dowell, Michele-Marie and Kelly P. Mirsky. 2003. How to Get the Most Out of Your | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Experience. Pearson Education, Inc. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duranti, A. 1997. Chapter 4: Ethnographic methods. In Linguistic Anthropology. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | pp.84-121. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fromkin, Victoria. Rodman, Robert. and Nina Hyams 2003. Language Acquisition. An | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Introduction to Language. (7th edition). Thomson: Heinle. Pp. 374-384 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Furnham, Adrian and Stephen Bochner. 1986. Culture shock: Psychological reactions to | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | unfamiliar environments. London: Methuen. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Genzuk, Michael.2003. A Synthesis of Ethnographic Research. Occasional Papers | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Series. Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research (Eds.). Center for | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Multilingual, Multicultural Research, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California. Los Angeles. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Philadelphia: University of Pennslvania Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ke, Chuanren. 2005. Patterns of Acquisition of Chinese Linguistic Features by CFL | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | learners. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association VOL. 40:1, pp. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1-24 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lightbown, Patsy. and Nina Spada. 2006. How Languages Are Learned. Oxford | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Long, Michael H. 1991. An Introduction to Second Language acquisition Research. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | London:Longman Press. (“SLA: Types and Data Analysis”, pp.52-80) | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mauriel Saville-Troike. 2006. Introducing Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Parker, Frank. and Kathryn Riley 2005. (eds) Second Language Acquisition. Linguistics | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | for Non-linguists A Primer with Exercises. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson. Pp. 214-234 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Paschke, A. Magali. 1990. Acculturation, self-esteem, and anxiety in relation to the | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | acquisition of English as a Second Language. ETD Collection for Pace University. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rubenfeld, Sara, Sinclair, Lisa and Clément Richard. 2006. Second language learning | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and acculturation: The role of motivation and goal content congruence. Canadian | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Journal of Applied Linguistics (CJAL), Vol 10, No 3. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Scarcella, R.C., & Oxford, R.L. 1992. The Tapestry of Language Learning: The | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Individual in the Communicative Classroom. Boston: Heinle & Heinle | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schensul, J. Jean. 2005. Introduction to Ethnographic Research. Institute for Community | zh_TW |
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| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schumann, J. H. 1978. The acculturation model for second language acquisition. In | zh_TW |
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| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Schumann, J. H. 1986. Research on the acculturation model for second language | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 7, 379-392. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Scovel, Tom. 2001. Learning New Languages: A Guide to Second Language | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Acquisition. Heinle ELT. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spradley, James. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. Harcourt, Brace, Janovich. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Swallow, Deborah. 2010. The Classic 5 Stage Culture Shock Model. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | http://www.deborahswallow.com | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Triandis, Harry C. 2001. "Individualism-Collectivism and Personality". Journal of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Personality 69 (6): 909. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ward, Colleen, Furnham, Adrian and Stephen Bochner. 2001. Psychology of Culture | zh_TW |
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| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Willis, Jane. 2001. A Framework for Task-Based Learning, Longman ELT. | zh_TW |