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題名 互動敘事中自動產生符合情境的攝影機規劃
Context-aware camera planning for interactive storytelling
作者 陳嘉豪
Chan, Ka-Hou
貢獻者 李蔡彥
Li, Tsai-Yen
陳嘉豪
Chan, Ka-Hou
關鍵詞 虛擬攝影機
即時攝影機規劃
情境感知
互動敘事
Virtual Camera
Real-Time Camera Planning
Context-Aware
Interactive Storytelling
日期 2011
上傳時間 5-Oct-2011 14:43:51 (UTC+8)
摘要 在互動敘事(Interactive Storytelling)的應用中，適當的攝影機規劃能幫助我們呈現虛擬世界中所發生的故事。在本研究中，我們設計了一個可以讓使用者設計互動敘事的應用平台－IMStory。針對故事創作，我們提供了一個故事腳本的描述語言及其剖析器，當使用者撰寫好互動故事之後，系統便能夠根據故事情境內容及與使用者互動的結果產生出符合情境的自動攝影機規劃系統。在此系統中，我們建立了一個能夠讓攝影機理解故事腳本的關係模型，建立虛擬攝影機組態與「故事情境」間的對應關係，即時找出更能表達當時情境的拍攝方式與架設位置。最後，我們設計了一個場景劇本進行實驗，在實驗中，我們的系統能夠即時因應場景中角色物件的位置作出即時的攝影機規劃，並且能夠配合互動環境中改變的情境參數而使用適合的攝影模組，產生出符合攝影學法則且賦有敘事能力的鏡頭。透過我們的方法，希望能提供一個更加有敘事能力的互動敘事平台。
In an 3D interactive storytelling system, virtual camera is the key for us to understand what happens in the virtual world. In this thesis, we have designed an intelligent camera planning system for interactive storytelling, in which story plots are influenced by the user’s actions. Since the story flow cannot be determined in advance, it is essential to utilize real-time camera control to express the story for given spatial relationships between characters and objects. A script language and its parser were designed for our storytelling system (IMStory) to describe events in the story as well as the contexts associated with the events to model the properties of a story for camera control. We have developed a camera planning system by mapping contexts parameters into appropriate camera control parameters. We have implemented the 3D interactive storytelling system and demonstrated its capabilities with several examples. The camera planning system is shown to perform in real time, and the generated shots are more expressive in establishing the relation between camera configurations and story context.
參考文獻 1. Amerson, D., S. Kime, and R.M. Young. Real-time cinematic camera control for interactive narratives. 2005: ACM.
2. Arijon, D., Grammar of the film language. 1976, London ; New York: Focal Press. xvi, 624 p.
3. Bares, W.H., J.P. Gregoire, and J.C. Lester. Realtime constraint-based cinematography for complex interactive 3D worlds. 1998: JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.
4. Bares, W.H. and J.C. Lester. Intelligent multi-shot visualization interfaces for dynamic 3D worlds. 1998: ACM.
5. Blinn, J., Where am i? what am i looking at?[cinematography]. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, 1988. 8(4): p. 76-81.
6. Cavazza, M., F. Charles, and S.J. Mead, Planning characters behaviour in interactive storytelling. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 2002. 13(2): p. 121-131.
7. Cavazza, M., et al. Madame Bovary on the Holodeck: immersive interactive storytelling. 2007: ACM.
8. Christie, M., F. Lamarche, and F. Benhamou. A Spatio-temporal Reasoning System for Virtual Camera Planning. 2009: Springer-Verlag.
9. Christie, M., et al. Virtual camera planning: A survey. 2005: Springer.
10. Christie, M. and J.M. Normand. A semantic space partitioning approach to virtual camera composition. 2005: Wiley Online Library.
11. Christie, M., P. Olivier, and J.M. Normand. Camera control in computer graphics. 2008: Wiley Online Library.
12. Courty, N., et al., A cinematography system for virtual storytelling. Virtual Storytelling, 2003: p. 30-34.
13. Crawford, C. Assumptions underlying the Erasmatron interactive storytelling engine. 1999.
14. Grasbon, D. and N. Braun. A morphological approach to interactive storytelling. 2001: Citeseer.
15. Hartmann, K., S. Hartmann, and M. Feustel, Motif definition and classification to structure non-linear plots and to control the narrative flow in interactive dramas. Virtual Storytelling, 2005: p. 158-167.
16. He, L., M.F. Cohen, and D.H. Salesin. The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing. 1996: ACM.
17. Hornung, A., G. Lakemeyer, and G. Trogemann. Autonomous real-time camera agents in interactive narratives and games. 2003: Springer Verlag.
18. Jhala, A. and R.M. Young. A discourse planning approach to cinematic camera control for narratives in virtual environments. 2005: Menlo Park, CA; Cambridge, MA; London; AAAI Press; MIT Press; 1999.
19. Jhala, A. and R.M. Young. Representational requirements for a plan based approach to automated camera control. 2006.
20. Li, T.-Y. and C.-C. Cheng, Real-Time Camera Planning for Navigation in Virtual Environments, in Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Smart Graphics. 2008, Springer-Verlag: Rennes, France. p. 118-129.
21. Li, T.Y. and X.Y. Xiao, An interactive camera planning system for automatic cinematographer. 2005.
22. Liang, C.H., P.C. Tao, and T.Y. Li. IMHAP:An Experimental Platform for Humanoid Procedural Animation. 2007: IEEE.
23. Lin, T.C., Z.C. Shih, and Y.T. Tsai, Cinematic camera control in 3d computer games. WSCG International Conferences in Central Europe onComputer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, 2004.
24. Lino, C., et al. A real-time cinematography system for interactive 3D environments. 2010: Eurographics Association.
25. Marchand, E. and N. Courty. Image-based virtual camera motion strategies. 2000: Citeseer.
26. Mascelli, J.V., The five C`s of cinematography. 1998: Silman-James Press.
27. Mateas, M. and A. Stern. Facade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama. 2003: Citeseer.
28. Propp, V., Morphology of the Folktale. Publication, 1958. 10.
29. Szilas, N., J. Barles, and M. Kavakli, An implementation of real-time 3D interactive drama. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 2007. 5(1): p. 5-es.
30. Tomlinson, B., B. Blumberg, and D. Nain. Expressive autonomous cinematography for interactive virtual environments. 2000: ACM.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
97753011
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097753011
資料類型 thesis
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CGIV.2012.15
dc.contributor.advisor 李蔡彥zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Li, Tsai-Yenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳嘉豪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chan, Ka-Houen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳嘉豪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chan, Ka-Houen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2011 14:43:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Oct-2011 14:43:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2011 14:43:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097753011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51319-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97753011zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在互動敘事(Interactive Storytelling)的應用中，適當的攝影機規劃能幫助我們呈現虛擬世界中所發生的故事。在本研究中，我們設計了一個可以讓使用者設計互動敘事的應用平台－IMStory。針對故事創作，我們提供了一個故事腳本的描述語言及其剖析器，當使用者撰寫好互動故事之後，系統便能夠根據故事情境內容及與使用者互動的結果產生出符合情境的自動攝影機規劃系統。在此系統中，我們建立了一個能夠讓攝影機理解故事腳本的關係模型，建立虛擬攝影機組態與「故事情境」間的對應關係，即時找出更能表達當時情境的拍攝方式與架設位置。最後，我們設計了一個場景劇本進行實驗，在實驗中，我們的系統能夠即時因應場景中角色物件的位置作出即時的攝影機規劃，並且能夠配合互動環境中改變的情境參數而使用適合的攝影模組，產生出符合攝影學法則且賦有敘事能力的鏡頭。透過我們的方法，希望能提供一個更加有敘事能力的互動敘事平台。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In an 3D interactive storytelling system, virtual camera is the key for us to understand what happens in the virtual world. In this thesis, we have designed an intelligent camera planning system for interactive storytelling, in which story plots are influenced by the user’s actions. Since the story flow cannot be determined in advance, it is essential to utilize real-time camera control to express the story for given spatial relationships between characters and objects. A script language and its parser were designed for our storytelling system (IMStory) to describe events in the story as well as the contexts associated with the events to model the properties of a story for camera control. We have developed a camera planning system by mapping contexts parameters into appropriate camera control parameters. We have implemented the 3D interactive storytelling system and demonstrated its capabilities with several examples. The camera planning system is shown to perform in real time, and the generated shots are more expressive in establishing the relation between camera configurations and story context.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第1章 導論 1
1.1. 研究動機 1
1.2. 研究目標 2
1.3. 本論文之章節架構 4
第2章 相關研究 5
2.1. 虛擬攝影機的架設 5
2.1.1. 攝影手法 5
2.1.2. 攝影機運動規劃 6
2.2. 互動數位敘事 7
2.3. 互動敘事中的攝影機規劃 9
第3章 使用形態學的數位敘事 13
3.1. PROPP的故事公式 13
3.2. 互動故事腳本的建立 14
3.3. 情境參數 17
第4章 攝影機說故事 21
4.1. 問題描述 21
4.2. 敘事運作 21
4.3. IMSTORY系統架構 23
4.4. EVENT GENERATOR 24
4.5. CINEMATOGRAPHER 25
4.5.1. Director 26
4.5.2. Decision Making 27
4.5.3. Photographer 30
4.5.4. 攝影機模組 33
4.5.5. Editor 34
4.6. 使用者互動模式(USER INTERACTION) 37
4.6.1. Avatar Navigating Mode 38
4.6.2. Storytelling Mode 42
第5章 實驗結果與討論 45
5.1. 系統實作 45
5.2. 實驗場景 47
5.3. 實驗一：基本的攝影機自動規劃能力 48
5.3.1. 實驗設計 48
5.3.2. 實驗結果與討論 49
5.4. 實驗二：情境參數影響攝影模組 53
5.4.1. 實驗設計 53
5.4.2. 實驗結果與討論 55
5.5. 使用者意見 56
第6章 結論與未來研究 59
6.1. 結論 59
6.2. 未來展望 60
參考文獻 61
附錄 1. 63
附錄 2. 76		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097753011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬攝影機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 即時攝影機規劃zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情境感知zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 互動敘事zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Virtual Cameraen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Real-Time Camera Planningen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Context-Awareen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interactive Storytellingen_US
dc.title (題名) 互動敘事中自動產生符合情境的攝影機規劃zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Context-aware camera planning for interactive storytellingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Amerson, D., S. Kime, and R.M. Young. Real-time cinematic camera control for interactive narratives. 2005: ACM.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Arijon, D., Grammar of the film language. 1976, London ; New York: Focal Press. xvi, 624 p.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Bares, W.H., J.P. Gregoire, and J.C. Lester. Realtime constraint-based cinematography for complex interactive 3D worlds. 1998: JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Bares, W.H. and J.C. Lester. Intelligent multi-shot visualization interfaces for dynamic 3D worlds. 1998: ACM.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Blinn, J., Where am i? what am i looking at?[cinematography]. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, 1988. 8(4): p. 76-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Cavazza, M., F. Charles, and S.J. Mead, Planning characters behaviour in interactive storytelling. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 2002. 13(2): p. 121-131.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Cavazza, M., et al. Madame Bovary on the Holodeck: immersive interactive storytelling. 2007: ACM.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Christie, M., F. Lamarche, and F. Benhamou. A Spatio-temporal Reasoning System for Virtual Camera Planning. 2009: Springer-Verlag.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Christie, M., et al. Virtual camera planning: A survey. 2005: Springer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Christie, M. and J.M. Normand. A semantic space partitioning approach to virtual camera composition. 2005: Wiley Online Library.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Christie, M., P. Olivier, and J.M. Normand. Camera control in computer graphics. 2008: Wiley Online Library.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Courty, N., et al., A cinematography system for virtual storytelling. Virtual Storytelling, 2003: p. 30-34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Crawford, C. Assumptions underlying the Erasmatron interactive storytelling engine. 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Grasbon, D. and N. Braun. A morphological approach to interactive storytelling. 2001: Citeseer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Hartmann, K., S. Hartmann, and M. Feustel, Motif definition and classification to structure non-linear plots and to control the narrative flow in interactive dramas. Virtual Storytelling, 2005: p. 158-167.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. He, L., M.F. Cohen, and D.H. Salesin. The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing. 1996: ACM.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Hornung, A., G. Lakemeyer, and G. Trogemann. Autonomous real-time camera agents in interactive narratives and games. 2003: Springer Verlag.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Jhala, A. and R.M. Young. A discourse planning approach to cinematic camera control for narratives in virtual environments. 2005: Menlo Park, CA; Cambridge, MA; London; AAAI Press; MIT Press; 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Jhala, A. and R.M. Young. Representational requirements for a plan based approach to automated camera control. 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Li, T.-Y. and C.-C. Cheng, Real-Time Camera Planning for Navigation in Virtual Environments, in Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Smart Graphics. 2008, Springer-Verlag: Rennes, France. p. 118-129.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Li, T.Y. and X.Y. Xiao, An interactive camera planning system for automatic cinematographer. 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Liang, C.H., P.C. Tao, and T.Y. Li. IMHAP:An Experimental Platform for Humanoid Procedural Animation. 2007: IEEE.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Lin, T.C., Z.C. Shih, and Y.T. Tsai, Cinematic camera control in 3d computer games. WSCG International Conferences in Central Europe onComputer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Lino, C., et al. A real-time cinematography system for interactive 3D environments. 2010: Eurographics Association.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Marchand, E. and N. Courty. Image-based virtual camera motion strategies. 2000: Citeseer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Mascelli, J.V., The five C`s of cinematography. 1998: Silman-James Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Mateas, M. and A. Stern. Facade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama. 2003: Citeseer.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Propp, V., Morphology of the Folktale. Publication, 1958. 10.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. Szilas, N., J. Barles, and M. Kavakli, An implementation of real-time 3D interactive drama. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 2007. 5(1): p. 5-es.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30. Tomlinson, B., B. Blumberg, and D. Nain. Expressive autonomous cinematography for interactive virtual environments. 2000: ACM.zh_TW
dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.1109/CGIV.2012.15en_US
dc.doi.uri (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CGIV.2012.15en_US