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題名 台灣公務人員採用英語標準化測驗為評量機制之研究:從2002到2010年
English language proficiency testing policy in Taiwan`s civil service from 2002 to 2010
作者 霍力
貢獻者 游雪瑛
霍力
關鍵詞 英語標準化測驗
政策
公務人員
testing policy
English language
Civil Service
Taiwan
日期 2010
上傳時間 5-Oct-2011 14:56:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 The concern over test consequence has inspired research into the wider impact of language tests and testing policies, but few studies have examined this subject in the context of Taiwan. With the goal of enhancing Taiwan’s global competitiveness by upgrading manpower quality, the central government implemented a 2002 policy to develop the English proficiency of civil servants by recognizing passing marks on approved English language proficiency tests as a promotion criterion. This thesis reports on a research study that adopted a multi-method approach to assess the testing policy’s impact on test-takers and analyze the rationale and consequences of revisions to the policy that were implemented between 2002 and the 2011. A survey of 282 civil servants working in the banking, economics, and finance sectors yielded data about the participants’ self-assessment of their English proficiency and workplace need for the language, English study and test-taking experience, impressions of English proficiency tests, and assessment of the effectiveness of the testing policy. Statistical analysis of the test impression and policy effectiveness data revealed significant correlation between positive assessments of the policy’s impact and the perceived fairness of the testing policy, the policy’s influence on motivation to study English, and the participants’ intrinsic interest in improving their English. Interviews with officials involved in formulating and implementing the testing policy and a review of government documents related to the policy provided data that were incorporated into the Geelhoed-Schouwstra policy analysis framework and facilitated the identification of factors that influenced the outcomes of the testing policy. The results of this study of an English language testing policy help to clarify who the test-takers and test users are, how and why tests are being used, and what the consequences of test use are.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
97924012
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097924012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 游雪瑛zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 霍力zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 霍力zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Oct-2011 14:56:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Oct-2011 14:56:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Oct-2011 14:56:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097924012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51457-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97924012zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The concern over test consequence has inspired research into the wider impact of language tests and testing policies, but few studies have examined this subject in the context of Taiwan. With the goal of enhancing Taiwan’s global competitiveness by upgrading manpower quality, the central government implemented a 2002 policy to develop the English proficiency of civil servants by recognizing passing marks on approved English language proficiency tests as a promotion criterion. This thesis reports on a research study that adopted a multi-method approach to assess the testing policy’s impact on test-takers and analyze the rationale and consequences of revisions to the policy that were implemented between 2002 and the 2011. A survey of 282 civil servants working in the banking, economics, and finance sectors yielded data about the participants’ self-assessment of their English proficiency and workplace need for the language, English study and test-taking experience, impressions of English proficiency tests, and assessment of the effectiveness of the testing policy. Statistical analysis of the test impression and policy effectiveness data revealed significant correlation between positive assessments of the policy’s impact and the perceived fairness of the testing policy, the policy’s influence on motivation to study English, and the participants’ intrinsic interest in improving their English. Interviews with officials involved in formulating and implementing the testing policy and a review of government documents related to the policy provided data that were incorporated into the Geelhoed-Schouwstra policy analysis framework and facilitated the identification of factors that influenced the outcomes of the testing policy. The results of this study of an English language testing policy help to clarify who the test-takers and test users are, how and why tests are being used, and what the consequences of test use are.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Abstract 2
List of Tables 7
List of Figures 7
Acknowledgement 8
Chapter 1: Introduction 9
Context and Purpose of the Study 9
Research Questions and Hypotheses 10
Research Methodology 12
Significance of the Research 12
Thesis Organization 13
Chapter 2: Taiwan Research Context and Background 15
Context 15
Critical language testing and ethical testing 15
The English language in Taiwan 19
Civil service in Taiwan 24
Background 29
Challenge 2008 29
Tests recognized by the government 34
TOEFL 35
TOEIC 37
IELTS 39
BULATS 41
FLPT 43
GEPT 44
Conclusion 46
Chapter 3: Literature Review 48
History of Civil Service Exams 49
Language Policies and Testing 52
Policy analysis framework 52
Language policies 53
CEFR 57
Language testing policies in Asia and Taiwan 62
Test Use and Consequence 64
Language test use 64
Consequential validity 66
Assessment use arguments 69
Washback and impact 71
Testing and Motivation for Learning 73
Lifelong learning and adult education 73
Motivation: Learning and testing 76
Motivation in English learning and testing in Taiwan 81
Conclusion 83
Chapter 4: Methodology 85
Questionnaire 87
Stages of questionnaire research 87
Development 87
Handling 89
Statistics 90
Content 90
Demographics 90
English language 92
Self-assessment of English ability 92
Importance of English for work 92
Importance of English for work: Qualitative comments 93
Testing experience 93
English study 94
Test impression 94
Policy effectiveness 95
Interviews 96
Online government publications and internal documents 99
Extended Geelhoed-Schouwstra (G-S) Policy Analysis Framework 100
Conclusion 105
Chapter 5: Results and Discussion 107
Questionnaire 107
Demographics 107
English language 110
Self-assessed English ability 111
Importance of English 112
Overall averages: Self-assessed English and importance of English 114
Test experience 115
English study 122
Test impression 123
Qualitative results 126
Policy effectiveness 129
Analysis of correlation among test impression and policy
effectiveness variables 132
Policy Analysis 135
Interview results 135
Research, Development, and Evaluation Commission 135
Examination Yuan 136
Central Personnel Administration 137
Ministry of Education 138
Central Bank of China (Taiwan), Ministry of Economic Affairs,
and Ministry of Finance 139
Stages of the policy cycle 141
Goals 141
Objectives 142
Methods/Instruments 143
Activities 144
Performances 145
Evaluation 147
Extended G-S policy analysis framework 149
Conceptual framework 149
Institutional framework 150
Political setting 152
Social setting 153
Economic setting 154
Institutional setting 155
Conclusion 157
Chapter 6: Conclusion 158
General Aims of the Study 158
Implications of the Study 158
Limitations of the Study 163
Future Research Directions 165
References 167
Appendices
Appendix A: Common European Frame of Reference, Common
Reference Levels: Global Scale 173
Appendix B: Civil Service English Examination Scoring Table 174
Appendix C: Questionnaire: Chinese Version 175
Appendix D: Questionnaire: English Version 179
Appendix E: Interview Questions 183
Appendix F: Questionnaire Results 186
Appendix G: Pearson Correlation Among Test Impression and Policy
Effectiveness Variables 198
Appendix H: Ministry of Economic Affairs, December 2010 English
Proficiency Test Data 199



List of Tables
Table 1: Taiwan Civil Servants Manpower Statistics 27
Table 2: Interviews: Subjects and Schedule 98
Table 3: Participant Demographics 109
Table 4: Test Impression Results 124
Table 5: Summary of Participants’ Comments on English Testing Policy 127
Table 6: Policy Effectiveness Results 130
Table 7: Pairs of Variables with Significant Pearson (r) Correlation >.300 133

List of Figures
Figure 1: The relationship among agencies responsible for managing the civil service 26
Figure 2: Taiwanese civil service English proficiency testing policy timeline 31
Figure 3: Stages of questionnaire research 87
Figure 4: The extended Geelhoed-Schouwstra framework of policy analysis 101
Figure 5: Comparing self-assessed English with importance of English by
language skill 111
Figure 6: Overall averages: Self-assessed English and Importance of English 114
Figure 7: Tests taken by participants and grouped by test developer 117
Figure 8: Participants’ CEFR levels based on self-reported test score 121
Figure 9: Participants’ study of English 123		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097924012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英語標準化測驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公務人員zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) testing policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) English languageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Civil Serviceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣公務人員採用英語標準化測驗為評量機制之研究:從2002到2010年zh_TW
dc.title (題名) English language proficiency testing policy in Taiwan`s civil service from 2002 to 2010en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alderson, J. C., & Wall, D. (1993). Does washback exist? Applied Linguistics 14(2), 115-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 129.zh_TW
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