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題名 國際社會化在後共產捷克的實踐
The Practice of International Socialization in Post Communist Czech Republic
作者 謝宜芳
貢獻者 甘逸驊
謝宜芳
關鍵詞 建構主義
國際社會化
歐盟
捷克
日期 2009
上傳時間 11-Oct-2011 17:05:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 在1989年捷克「絲絨革命」的過程中，幾乎所有捷克共產黨領導人都被迫辭職下台，因此共產黨對政府的控制完全瓦解，其後，捷克進行一連串的民主改革，努力想擺脫共產體制帶來的種種不良影響。之後，歷經1993年與斯洛伐克的和平分裂，捷克共和國正式成立，並開始積極推動中、東歐地區的整合，進而達到加入歐洲聯盟的目標。終於，在2004年，歐盟完成歷史上最大規模的擴張，新加入的成員共有十國。其中，捷克不但在入盟談判中一直表現良好，更於2009年擔任歐盟輪值主席國，以成熟穩健的態度負責協調並舉辦歐盟的議事活動，也順利完成任務。因此，捷克的民主轉型是應該受到肯定的，而在整個民主轉型的過程中，我認為歐盟在捷克所推動的國際社會化是最重要的因素，歐盟提出的政治條件，促使捷克朝向民主與市場經濟體制轉型。同時，在轉型的過程中，捷克必須接納的國際規範，最後也成功內化到捷克國家體制內，只是在不同政策領域中，有不同程度的實踐。因此，本文使用建構主義的理論架構，對歐盟與捷克的案例進行檢視，希望透過比較分析實際情況與理論觀點的異同之處，一方面將國際社會化概念的內容具體化，也藉由實際情況對理論內容做補充，使本文的研究發現成為未來相關研究的參考。
參考文獻 壹、 中文部分
一、 專書
王振軒。《非政府組織概論》。台中市:必中，民92年。
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張穎。《中東歐國家經濟轉軌的若干理論與實踐問題》。北京：中國社會科學院俄羅斯東歐中亞研究所，民86年。
楊淑娟譯，Minton F. Goldman著。《中、東歐的革命與變遷：政治、經濟與社會的挑戰》。台北市：國立編譯館，民90年。
楊日青、李培元、林文斌、劉兆隆譯，Andrew Heywood 著。《政治學新論》。台北市：韋伯文化，民91年。
郭樹勇。《建構主義與國際政治》。北京：長征，民90年。
薛君度、朱曉中。《轉軌中的中東歐》。北京:人民，民91年。
二、 學術期刊
王啟明，2004年， 〈國際社會化與全球治理〉，《問題與研究》，第43卷第6 期，頁14-18。
洪茂雄，1997 年，〈後共產時期捷克的政治發展─民主化與歐洲化〉，《問題
與研究》，第36卷第9期，頁16-17。
洪茂雄，2003年，〈論中、東歐國家的族群關係:融合與對立〉，《中山人文社會科學期刊》，第11卷第1期，頁27-46。
崔宏偉、姚勤華2002年，〈中東歐國家加入歐盟進程：戰略選擇與政策調整〉，《東歐中亞研究》，第2期，頁8-15。
鄭得興，2008年，〈捷克的國家認同與歐洲認同─民意與政黨之認知差距〉，《台灣國際研究季刊》，第4 卷第4期，頁219-220。
三、 博士論文
王啟明，〈國際社會化理論的建構－以歐洲聯盟東擴為例〉，博士論文，國立政治
大學政治研究所，民國93年。
貳、 西文部分
一、 專書
Adler, Emanuel and Michael Barnett. Security Communities. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University, 1998.
Agh, Attila. The Politics of Central Europe. London: Thousand Oaks, 1998.
Bhargava, Rajeev. Individualism in Social Science. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Breslauer, George W. and Philip E. Tetlock (ed.). Learning in U.S. and Soviet Foreign Policy. Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1991.
Brown, A. H. and J. Gray (ed.). Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States. London: Macmillan, 1977.
Budge, Ian and David McKay. (ed.). Developing Democracy. London: Sage, 1994.
Checkel, Jeffrey T. (ed.). International Institutions and Socialization in Europe. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Coleman, James S.. Foundations of Social Theory. London: Belknap, 1990.
D’Andrade, Roy G. Human Motives and Cultural Models. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Eckatein, H. and D. E. Apter (ed.). Comparative Politics: A Reader. New York: The Free Press, 1963.
Farkas, Andrew. State Learning and International Change. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University Of Michigan Press, 1998.
Finnemore, Martha. National Interest in International Society. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Franck, Thomas M.. The Power of Legitimacy among Nations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Garcia, Soledad (ed.). European Identity and the Search for Legitimacy. London, England: Pinter, 1993.
Haas, Ernst B. When Knowledge is Power: Three Models of Change in International Organizations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990.
Habermas, Jurgen. The Theory of Communicative Action. MA: Beacon, 1984.
Holmes, Leslie (ed.). The Withering Away of the State? Party and State under Communism. London: Sage, 1981.
Hutton, Will. The World We Are In. London, England: Little Brown, 2002.
Jasiewicz, Krzysztof. Development in Central and East European Politics. Vol.2 Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.
Juan, Linz, J. and Alfred Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: South Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Katzenstein, Peter J. (ed.). The Culture of National Security：Norms and Identity in World Politics, New York：Columbia University Press, 1996.
Kleinman, Mark. A European Welfare State? European Union Social Policy in Context. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.
Kolodko, Grzegorz W.. From Shock to Therapy: The Political Economy of Post-Socialist Transformation. NY: Oxford University, 1997.
Linden, Ronald H. (ed.). Norms and Nannies: The Impact of International Organizations on the Central and East European States. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2002.
Lucarelli, Sonia and Ian Manners (ed.). Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy. Oxon, England: Routledge, 2006.
Mandelbaum, Michael (ed.). Post-communism, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1996.
March, James G. and Johan P. Olsen. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press, 1989.
Musil, Jiri (ed.). The End of Czechoslovakia. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1995.
Powell, Walter W. and Paul J. DiMaggio (ed.). The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Risse-Kappen, Thomas. Cooperation among Democracies: The European Influence on the U.S. Foreign Policy. Princeton, New York: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Risse-Kappen, Thomas, Stephen Ropp, Kathryn Sikkink (ed.). The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Rosenau, James N. (ed.). Linkage Politics: essays on the convergence of national and international systems. New York: The Free Press, 1969.
Ruggie, John Gerard. Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International
Institutionalization. London, England: Routledge, 1998.
Schimmelfenning, Frank. The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe. Rules and Rhetoric. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Schimmelfenning, Frank, Stefan Engert and Heiko Knobel. International Socialization in Europe. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006.
Scott, Richard W.. Institution and Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1995.
Stravenhagen, Rodolfo. Ethnic Conflict and the Nation-State. London: Macmillan Press, 1996.
Weber, Max. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978.
Wendt, Alexander. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
White, Stephen, Judy Batt, and Paul G. Lewis. Structure and Representation Developments in East European Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994.
二、 學術期刊
Abbott, Robert W., Robert O. Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaushter, and Duncan Sinidal, “ The Concept of Legalization,” International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 408-417.
Alderson, Kai, “Making Sense of State Socialization,” Review of International Studies, Vol. 27 (2001), pp. 416-420.
Axelrod, Robert, “An Evolution Approach to Norms,” American Political Science Review, No. 80 (December 1986), p. 1104.
Beck, Ulrich, “Understanding the Real Europe,” Dissent, (Summer 2003), pp. 32-38.
Bowen, Glenn A., “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method,” Qualitative Research Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2, (2009), pp. 27-40.
Christian, Reus-Smit, “The Constitutional Structure of International Society and the Nature of Fundamental Institutions,” International Organization, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Autumn 1997), p. 577.
Cortell, Andrew P. and James W. Davis, Jr., “How Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 40, (1996), p. 453.
──, Andrew P. and James W. Davis, Jr., “ Understanding the Domestic Impact of International Norms: A Research Agenda,” International Studies Review, Vol. 2 (2000), pp. 65-87.
Diamond, Larry, “Is the Third Wave Over?,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 7, No. 3 (1996), pp. 23-25.
Dowley, Kathleen M. and Brian D. Silver, “Social Capital, Ethnicity and Support for Democracy in the Post-Communist States,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 54, Vol. 4 (2002), p. 505.
Dryzek, John S. and Leslie Holmes, “The Real World of Civic Republicanism: Making Democracy Work in Poland and the Czech Republic,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, No. 6 (September 2000), p. 1044.
Finnemore, Martha and Kathryn Sikkink, “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change,” International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Autumn 1998), pp. 901-904.
Flockhart, Trine, “Europeanization: The Myths and the Facts,” Public Policy Research, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2006), p. 88.
Gershman, Carl, “Democracy Promotion: The Relationship of Political Parties and Civil Society,” Democratization, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2004), pp. 28-29
Gibson, James L. Gibson, “Social Networks, Civil Society, and the Prospects for Consolidating Russian`s Democratic Transition,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 45, No.1 (2001), p. 51.
Habermas, Juergen, “ Toward a Cosmopolitan Europe,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 14, (2003), p. 100.
Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary C. R. Taylor, “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms,” Political Studies, Vol. 44, No. 5 (1996), p. 947.
Hass, Peter, “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Winter 1992), p. 3.
Howe, R. B. K., “The Cognitive Nature of Desire,” The Southern Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 32 (Summer 1994), pp. 182-183.
Ikenberry, John G. and Charles A. Kupchan, “Socialization and Hegemonic Power,” International Organization, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Summer 1990), p. 284.
Joerges, Christian and Juergen Neyer, “From Intergovernmental Bargaining to Deliberative Political Processes: The Constitutionalization of Comitology,” European Law Journal, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 274-299.
Johnston, Alastair Ian, “Treating International Institutions as Social Environments,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 4 (2001), pp. 487-515.
Kelley, Judith, “International Actors on the Domestic Scene: Membership Conditionality and Socialization by International Institutions,” International Organization, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Summer 2004), pp. 425-457.
Kent, Ann, “China’s International Socialization: The Role of International Organization,” Global Governance, Vol. 8 (2002), pp. 343-364.
Keohane, Robert O., “Compliance with International Commitments: Politics within a Framework of Law,” American Sociology International Law Process, Vol. 86 (1992), pp. 177-179.
Kuus, Merje, “Europe’s Eastern Expansion and the Reinscription of Otherness in East-Central Europe,” Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 28, No. 4 (2004), p. 484.
Letki, Natalia, “Socialization for Participation? Trust, Membership, and Democratization in East-Central Europe,” Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 57, No. 4 (December 2004), pp. 665-679.
Levi, Margaret and Laura Stoker, “Political Trust and Trustworthiness,” Annual Review Political Science, Vol. 3 (2000), p. 486.
Linden, Ronald H., “Putting on Their Sunday Best: Romania, Hungary, and the Puzzle of Peace,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 1 (2000), pp. 121-154.
Lovell, David W., “Nationalism, Civil Society, and the Prospects for Freedom in Eastern Europe,” Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 45 (1999), p. 70.
McLaverty, Peter, “Civil Society and Democracy,” Contemporary Politics, Vol. 8, No. 4 (2002), p. 310.
Moravcsik, Andrew, “Preferences and Power in the European Community: A Liberal Intergovernmental Approach,” Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 3, No. 4 (1993), p. 516.
Putnam, Robert, “The Prosperous Community. Social Capital and Public Life,” American Prospect, Vol. 4, No. 13 (1993), pp. 35-42.
Risse, Thomas, “ Let’s Argue ! : Communicative Action in World Politics,” International Organization, Vol.4, No.1, (2000), pp. 4-7.
Ruggie, John G., “Multilateralism: The Anatomy of an Institution,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Summer 1992), p. 571.
Schimmelfenning, Frank, “ International Socialization in the New Europe: Rational Action in an Institutional Environment,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 6, No. 1 (March 2000), pp. 111-112.
──, Frank, “The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action, and the Eastern Enlargement of the European Union,” International Organization, Vol. 55, No. 1 (2001), pp. 47-80.
Segall, Shlomi, “ Political Participation as an Engine of Social Solidarity: A Skeptical View,” Political Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2005), p. 362.
Shannon,Vaughn P., “ Norms are What States Make of Them: The Political Psychology of Norm Violation,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 44 (2000), p. 294.
Strange, Susan, “Who are EU? Ambiguities in the Concept of Competitiveness,” Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 36 (1998), pp. 111-112.
Teorell, Jan, “Political Participation and Three Theories of Democracy: A Research Inventory and Agenda,” European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 45, No. 5 (2006), p. 788.
Theiss-Morse, Elizabeth and John R. Hibbing, “Citizenship and Civic Engagement,” Annual Review Political Science, Vol. 8 (2005), p. 227.
Tucker, Joshua A., Alexander C. Pacek, Adam J. Berinsky, “Transitional Winners and Losers: Attitudes toward EU Membership in Post-Communist Countries,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Summer 2002), pp. 557-571.
Whitefield, Stephen and Geoffrey Evans, ” Political Culture versus Rational Choice: Explaining Responses to Transition in the Czech Republic and Slovakia,” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 29, No. 1 (January 1999), pp. 129-154.
Wendt, Alexander, “Anarchy is What States Make of It - The Social Construction of Power Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Spring 1992), pp. 391-425.
Wendt, Alexander, “Constructing International Politics,” International Security, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Summer 1995), pp. 71-81.
Young, Richard, “European Union Democracy Policies: Ten Years On,” European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 6, p. 357.
Zaborowski, Marcin, “Westernizing the East: External Influences in the Post-Communist Studies and Transformation of Eastern and Central Europe,” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 21, No. 1(2005), pp. 26-27.
三、 會議論文
Jeffrey T. Checkel, “Persuasion in International Institutions,” Paper for the ARENA, Oslo, Norway, 2002.
參、 網路資料
洪茂雄，「歐盟東擴新契機」，自由新聞網，<http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2004/new/may/2/today-o1.htm>(2004/05/02)
Marian Tupy,”Endorse This Czech,”TCS Daily,< http://www.ideasinactiontv.com/tcs_daily/2006/03/endorse-this-czech.html>(14/03/2006)
Phipippa Runner, ”Czech Government blesses EU Treaty,”EU Observer <http://www.euobserver.com/9/26415>(30/06/2008)
肆、 官方資料
UN Human Development Programme. New York, US. 2004.
UN Human Development Report. New York, US. 2004.
伍、 相關網站
美國中央情報局 - https://www.cia.gov/
歐洲聯盟官方網站 – http://europa.eu.int/
歐洲聯盟執委會官方網站–
http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/Czech/index.html
經濟合作發展組織社會支出資料庫 -
http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3343,en_2649_34637_38141385_1_1_1_1,00.html
聯合國統計司 - http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/resCountry.asp
捷克共和國官方網站 - http://www.czech.cz/
捷克觀光旅遊官方網址- http://www.czechtourism.com/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
96253024
98
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096253024
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 甘逸驊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 謝宜芳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 謝宜芳zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2009en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Oct-2011 17:05:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Oct-2011 17:05:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Oct-2011 17:05:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096253024en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51643-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96253024zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在1989年捷克「絲絨革命」的過程中，幾乎所有捷克共產黨領導人都被迫辭職下台，因此共產黨對政府的控制完全瓦解，其後，捷克進行一連串的民主改革，努力想擺脫共產體制帶來的種種不良影響。之後，歷經1993年與斯洛伐克的和平分裂，捷克共和國正式成立，並開始積極推動中、東歐地區的整合，進而達到加入歐洲聯盟的目標。終於，在2004年，歐盟完成歷史上最大規模的擴張，新加入的成員共有十國。其中，捷克不但在入盟談判中一直表現良好，更於2009年擔任歐盟輪值主席國，以成熟穩健的態度負責協調並舉辦歐盟的議事活動，也順利完成任務。因此，捷克的民主轉型是應該受到肯定的，而在整個民主轉型的過程中，我認為歐盟在捷克所推動的國際社會化是最重要的因素，歐盟提出的政治條件，促使捷克朝向民主與市場經濟體制轉型。同時，在轉型的過程中，捷克必須接納的國際規範，最後也成功內化到捷克國家體制內，只是在不同政策領域中，有不同程度的實踐。因此，本文使用建構主義的理論架構，對歐盟與捷克的案例進行檢視，希望透過比較分析實際情況與理論觀點的異同之處，一方面將國際社會化概念的內容具體化，也藉由實際情況對理論內容做補充，使本文的研究發現成為未來相關研究的參考。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究範圍與限制…………………………………………………………4
第三節 研究方法與架構…………………………………………………………5
第四節 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………7

第二章 建構主義下的國際社會化24
第一節 國際社會化的成因………………………………………………………24
第二節 國際社會化的分析層次…………………………………………………31
第三節 國際社會化的主要變數…………………………………………………38
第四節 小結………………………………………………………………………43

第三章 歐盟的國際社會化力量45
第一節 歐洲的文化背景…………………………………………………………45
第二節 國際社會化的策略………………………………………………………50
第三節 群體效應…………………………………………………………………55
第四節 小結………………………………………………………………………63

第四章 後共產化的捷克66
第一節 共產時期…………………………………………………………………66
第二節 歐盟資格候選國時期……………………………………………………72
第三節 歐盟成員國時期…………………………………………………………77
第四節 小結………………………………………………………………………89

第五章 國際社會化在捷克的運作92
第一節 國際社會化的過程………………………………………………………92
第二節 國際社會化的難題………………………………………………………98
第三節 國際社會化的成效……………………………………………………108
第四節 小結……………………………………………………………………114

第六章 結論116
第一節 研究發現………………………………………………………………116
第二節 未來發展與建議………………………………………………………119

參考資料122

圖表目錄

圖1-1：強化策略的決策流程……………………………………………………15
圖1-2：強化策略的運作…………………………………………………………16
表1-1：不同制度主義觀點下的國際社會化……………………………………2
表1-2：規範的三階段……………………………………………………………9
表1-3：國際社會化策略的分類…………………………………………………14
表1-4：歐洲社群組織的社會化策略……………………………………………19
表4-1：捷克的歷史時期…………………………………………………………68
表4-2：捷克歷史大事記…………………………………………………………68
表4-3：捷克加入歐盟公投民調…………………………………………………81
表4-4：是否對歐洲公民身分感到自豪…………………………………………81
表4-5：相信歐盟的決策都對捷克有利嗎………………………………………82
表4-6：相信歐盟的決策都對你這樣的個人有利嗎……………………………82
表4-7：捷克加入歐盟之後的生活水準…………………………………………83
表4-8：支持雷達案之捷克民眾的政黨傾向……………………………………87
表5-1：平均每人GDP……………………………………………………………110		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096253024en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 建構主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際社會化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 捷克zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 國際社會化在後共產捷克的實踐zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Practice of International Socialization in Post Communist Czech Republicen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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